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The Low Temperature Universe. Roger Blandford Stanford SLAC KIPAC. Sun 6000 o. Rigel 11000 o. Hot Young Stars. AB7 120,000 o. Orion Nebula. Carinae 20-30,000 o. Centigrade Kelvin. 12 ft. 100 o Steam 373 o 0 o Ice 273 o - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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121 vii 2009 LTD-13
The Low Temperature Universe
Roger BlandfordStanford
SLACKIPAC
Hot Young Stars
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Sun 6000o Rigel 11000o
Carinae20-30,000o
Orion Nebula
AB7 120,000o
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100o Steam 373o
0o Ice 273o
-269o Liquid Helium 4o
-273o Coldest 0o
Kelvin
Thermodynamics- It’s the law
I Energy conservedII Disorder increasesIII Unattainable, zero temperature
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Electromagnetic Waves
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300,000 km per second!
Light, infrared radiation, radio waves, X-rays…. are all electromagneticElectromagnetic waves comes in particles called photons
Wavelength
Energy ~ Frequency
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio (s)mm IR O UV X-ray ray
High frequencyShort wavelength
Low frequencyLong wavelength
Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter
Gas Temperature
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ColdSlow molecules
HotSlow molecules
Hot Young Stars
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Sun 6000o Rigel 11000o
Carinae20-30,000o
Orion Nebula
AB7 120,000o
Brown dwarfs, planets and …
921 vii 2009 LTD-13Pluto 40K
Uranus 50K
Gliese 229B1800K
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio (s)mm IR O UV X-ray ray
High frequencyShort wavelength
Low frequencyLong wavelength
Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio (s)mm IR O UV X-ray ray
High frequencyShort wavelength
Low frequencyLong wavelength
Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter
M51 “Whirlpool Nebula”
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Hubble
Herschel
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio (s)mm IR O UV X-ray ray
High frequencyShort wavelength
Low frequencyLong wavelength
Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter
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ALMA
Barnard 68
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16 K
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HELP!I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED
BY ALIENS
293K
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HELP!I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED
BY ALIENS
80K
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HELP!I’VE BEEN ABDUCTED
BY ALIENS
4K
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
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50 mK
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio (s)mm IR O UV X-ray ray
High frequencyShort wavelength
Low frequencyLong wavelength
Colder Cold Warm Hot Hotter
Microwave Background
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240K
310K
2.7K
Planck
QUaDWMAP
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Neutron Stars
1 solar mass10 kmSuperconductivitySuperfluidity!
…are very cold!
M87 – Virgo Cluster
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Six billion solar massesTen billion km
Hawking Radiation
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Tiny Black Holes are Hot
Big Black Holes are Cold
M87 – Virgo Cluster
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Six billion solar massesTen billion kmOne billion, billionth KOne photon per year!
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The Universe is a Cool Place!