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SURVEY AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENCOURAGE TRAIL USE
SURVEY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
TO ENCOURAGE TRAIL USE IN THE
ECKINGTON AND EDGEWOOD NEIGHBORHOODS
ALONG THE
METROPOLITAN BRANCH TRAIL WASHINGTON, DC
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
2
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
3
In
tro
du
ctio
n…
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Ex
ecu
tive
Su
mm
ary…
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5 R
eco
mm
end
atio
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A
ctio
n it
ems…
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2 Li
tera
ture
Rev
iew
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2 C
urr
ent
Soci
al C
on
dit
ion
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.30
Cu
rren
t C
om
mu
nit
y Fa
cilit
ies
and
Res
ou
rces
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oo
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rch
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R
ecre
atio
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fac
iliti
es…
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. 40
G
roce
ry s
tore
s an
d m
arke
ts…
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…. 4
2 C
om
mu
nit
y O
utr
each
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4 C
urr
ent
Phys
ical
Co
nd
itio
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Si
dew
alks
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In
ters
ecti
on
s an
d c
ross
ing
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A
cces
s p
oin
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0 Pl
an R
evie
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C
on
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sio
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0 B
iblio
gra
ph
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Tech
nic
al A
pp
end
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75
CO
NTE
NTS
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
4
Th
e M
etro
po
litan
Bra
nch
Tra
il: A
n E
mer
gin
g O
pp
ort
un
ity
to C
on
nec
t N
eig
hb
orh
oo
ds
to H
ealt
hy
Life
styl
es
The
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l str
etch
es f
or 8
.25
mile
s al
ong
the
rail
corr
idor
fro
m t
he U
nion
Sta
tion
area
in
the
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a no
rth
to S
ilver
Spr
ing
in M
aryl
and.
The
sou
ther
n en
d of
the
tra
il fr
om N
ew Y
ork
Ave
-nu
e to
Fra
nklin
Str
eet
is s
ched
uled
to
be c
ompl
eted
by
2008
. Whi
le t
he t
rail
cons
truc
tion
itsel
f ha
s be
en c
are-
fully
pla
nned
, con
nect
ing
the
man
y ne
ighb
orho
ods
that
bor
der
the
trai
l to
this
new
am
enity
has
rec
eive
d le
ss
atte
ntio
n. T
his
repo
rt s
eeks
to
prov
ide
guid
ance
on
the
need
ed c
onne
ctio
ns t
hat
shou
ld b
e pu
t in
pla
ce t
o he
lp e
nsur
e th
at n
eigh
borh
ood
resi
dent
s ca
n ut
ilize
thi
s he
alth
y, n
ew a
men
ity. T
he r
epor
t fo
cuse
s on
the
Ec
king
ton
and
Edge
woo
d ne
ighb
orho
ods
that
lie
just
to
the
nort
h of
Uni
on S
tatio
n ar
ea.
Whi
le t
here
are
man
y be
nefit
s th
at t
rails
pro
vide
to
adja
cent
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds, o
ne o
f th
e m
ost
impo
rtan
t is
th
e im
prov
ed o
ppor
tuni
ty t
o en
gage
in h
ealth
y lif
esty
les.
The
re h
as b
een
grow
ing
conc
ern
abou
t th
e ob
esity
ep
idem
ic t
hat
appe
ars
to b
e sp
read
ing
acro
ss t
he c
ount
ry.
One
of
the
mos
t im
port
ant
way
s to
hel
p ad
dres
s th
is s
erio
us p
robl
em is
to
begi
n to
pro
vide
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d pl
aces
whe
re r
esid
ents
can
eng
age
in m
oder
ate
exer
cise
. By
prov
idin
g a
plac
e fo
r re
side
nts
to e
ngag
e in
he
alth
y ac
tiviti
es, t
rails
are
incr
easi
ngly
see
n as
a v
ital c
ompo
nent
in a
reg
ion’
s ov
eral
l hea
lthy
livin
g ag
enda
. Th
is r
epor
t hi
ghlig
hts
the
impo
rtan
t he
alth
link
ages
tha
t th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail c
an p
rovi
de t
o th
e Ec
king
ton
and
Edge
woo
d ne
ighb
orho
ods.
Th
e re
port
beg
ins
with
an
Exec
utiv
e Su
mm
ary,
Rec
omm
enda
tions
and
Act
ions
bas
ed o
n Ra
ils-t
o-Tr
ails
Con
-se
rvan
cy’s
tw
enty
yea
rs o
f ex
perie
nce
in t
he f
ield
of
trai
l dev
elop
men
t, a
n ex
tens
ive
revi
ew o
f ex
istin
g lit
era-
ture
on
the
subj
ect
of t
rails
and
hea
lth, a
phy
sica
l ass
essm
ent
of t
he n
eigh
borh
ood
and
exte
nsiv
e co
mm
unity
ou
trea
ch.
Su
bseq
uent
to
the
Reco
mm
enda
tions
, the
rep
ort
is b
roke
n up
into
thr
ee s
ectio
ns. T
he f
irst
sect
ion
expl
ores
th
e tr
ail-h
ealth
con
nect
ion
thro
ugh
a de
taile
d lit
erat
ure
revi
ew. T
he s
econ
d se
ctio
n ex
plor
es t
he e
xist
ing
con-
ditio
ns o
f th
e Ec
king
ton
and
Edge
woo
d ne
ighb
orho
ods.
Thi
s an
alys
is c
over
s bo
th im
port
ant
dem
ogra
phic
an
d so
cial
fac
tors
as
wel
l as
iden
tifyi
ng im
port
ant
land
scap
e ba
rrie
rs t
hat
may
lim
it ac
cess
ibili
ty t
o th
e tr
ail.
This
sec
tion
also
pro
vide
s an
ove
rvie
w o
f re
leva
nt p
lann
ing
docu
men
ts w
ith a
n em
phas
is o
n pl
anne
d ch
ange
s th
at w
ill im
pact
the
stu
dy a
rea.
The
thi
rd s
ectio
n is
an
sum
mar
y of
the
com
men
ts r
ecei
ved
durin
g nu
mer
ous
com
mun
ity m
eetin
gs a
nd m
eetin
gs w
ith k
ey s
take
hold
ers.
W
e ho
pe t
his
repo
rt is
use
ful t
o th
ose
who
wis
h to
enc
oura
ge t
rail
use
alon
g th
e pl
anne
d M
etro
polit
an
Bran
ch T
rail
and
that
thi
s tr
ail b
ecom
es a
wel
l-use
d an
d be
love
d co
mm
unity
ass
et.
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE5
EXEC
UTI
VE
SUM
MA
RY
Mor
e th
an t
wo
deca
des
ago,
as
the
rail-
trai
l mov
emen
t w
as g
athe
ring
mom
entu
m, r
esid
ents
of
the
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a ha
d a
visi
on k
now
n as
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l.Th
eir
plan
: to
crea
te
a tr
ail a
long
an
activ
e ra
ilroa
d lin
e, s
tret
chin
g fr
om U
nion
Sta
tion
to o
ut b
eyon
d th
e ed
ge o
f W
ashi
ngto
n D
. C.T
he c
orrid
or, w
hich
des
cend
s in
to t
he h
eart
of
the
city
, com
man
ds e
xcep
tiona
l vi
ews
of t
he C
apito
l and
pro
vide
s an
opp
ortu
nity
to
trav
erse
the
div
erse
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds o
f th
e D
istr
ict.
Like
man
y ra
il-tr
ail p
roje
cts,
thi
s vi
sion
exp
erie
nced
cha
lleng
es, d
isap
poin
tmen
ts a
nd c
eleb
ratio
ns
of s
ucce
ss. F
undi
ng w
as a
n in
itial
hur
dle,
but
an
early
app
ropr
iatio
n al
levi
ated
tha
t co
ncer
n. In
time,
bits
and
pie
ces
of t
he t
rail
wer
e es
tabl
ishe
d, t
houg
h so
met
imes
onl
y as
an
on-r
oad
bike
lane
. U
nfor
tuna
tely,
no
piec
e co
nnec
ted
peop
le t
o de
stin
atio
ns in
a w
ay t
hat
wou
ld e
nabl
e th
e tr
ail t
o be
w
idel
y us
ed.
All
that
is c
hang
ing
as a
prim
ary
segm
ent
of t
he t
rail,
fro
m N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
to F
rank
lin S
tree
t is
abo
ut t
o be
bui
lt. T
his
segm
ent
will
not
onl
y co
nnec
t ex
istin
g pi
eces
but
will
inst
antly
ope
n th
e tr
ail t
o a
num
ber
of n
eigh
borh
oods
allo
win
g pe
ople
to
use
it to
get
to
wor
k, s
choo
l, ru
n er
rand
s,
and
visi
t co
mm
unity
fac
ilitie
s. It
is a
lso
long
eno
ugh
so p
eopl
e w
ho w
ant
to e
ngag
e in
rec
reat
iona
l ac
tiviti
es, e
ither
by
foot
, bic
ycle
, whe
elch
air,
inlin
e sk
ates
or
skat
eboa
rds,
will
be
able
to
do s
o in
a
safe
env
ironm
ent
sepa
rate
fro
m in
crea
sing
ly b
usy
on-s
tree
t tr
affic
.
Like
any
com
mun
ity f
acili
ty, t
he t
rail
will
be
used
to
the
exte
nt it
is e
mbr
aced
by
the
com
mun
ity
and
addr
esse
s th
eir
mul
ti-fa
cete
d ne
eds.
With
thi
s in
min
d, K
aise
r Pe
rman
ente
par
tner
ed w
ith t
he
Rails
-to-
Trai
lsC
onse
rvan
cy t
o de
term
ine
the
faci
litie
s, r
esou
rces
, inf
rast
ruct
ure
and
prog
ram
min
g ne
eded
to
insu
re t
he m
axim
um u
se o
f th
e tr
ail b
y a
dive
rse
grou
p of
use
rs.
Base
d on
Rai
ls-t
o-Tr
ails
Con
serv
ancy
’s 21
yea
rs o
f ra
il-tr
ail b
uild
ing
expe
rienc
e, c
urre
nt r
esea
rch
on t
rails
and
phy
sica
l hea
lth, a
nd n
umer
ous
mee
tings
with
com
mun
ity o
rgan
izat
ions
and
key
st
akeh
olde
rs, a
list
of
reco
mm
enda
tions
was
cre
ated
. If
impl
emen
ted,
the
se r
ecom
men
datio
ns w
ill
incr
ease
loca
l tra
il aw
aren
ess
and
prov
ide
uniq
ue o
ppor
tuni
ties
for
the
dive
rse
loca
l pop
ulat
ion
to
enga
ge in
the
gro
wth
and
sus
tain
abili
ty o
f th
is n
ew c
omm
unity
ass
et. P
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity le
vels
am
ong
resi
dent
s w
ill s
ubst
antia
lly in
crea
se a
s m
ore
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs b
ecom
e aw
are
of t
he t
rail’
s lo
catio
n an
d be
gin
to in
corp
orat
e th
e tr
ail i
nto
thei
r da
ily c
omm
ute,
as
a w
ay t
o ac
cess
com
mun
ity
amen
ities
, and
as
a ve
nue
for
recr
eatio
n.
Like
any
com
mun
ity
faci
lity,
the
M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail w
ill b
e us
ed
to t
he e
xten
t it
is
embr
aced
by
the
com
mun
ity a
nd
addr
esse
s th
eir
mul
ti-fa
cete
d ne
eds.
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE6
The
Trai
l
Ulti
mat
ely,
the
tra
il w
ill c
onne
ct U
nion
Sta
tion
in t
he D
istr
ict
of C
olum
bia
to S
ilver
Spr
ing,
Md.
(8.2
5 m
iles)
. The
cur
rent
sta
tus
of t
he t
rail
is (f
rom
sou
th t
o no
rth)
:
on-r
oad
bike
lane
alo
ng 1
st S
tree
t N
E (6
blo
cks
from
Uni
on S
tatio
n to
M S
tree
t N
E)
no c
onne
ctio
n at
M S
tree
t, N
E
off-
road
trai
l at N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
Met
rora
il st
atio
n (4
blo
cks
from
M S
tree
t, N
E to
New
Yor
k A
venu
e)
no c
onne
ctio
n fr
om N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
to F
rank
lin S
tree
t (1
2 bl
ocks
— s
tudy
are
a, (s
ee b
elow
))
low
tra
ffic
stre
et a
long
8th S
tree
t, N
E (7
blo
cks
from
Fra
nklin
Str
eet
to M
onro
e St
reet
)
off-
road
tra
il al
ong
John
McC
orm
ack
Road
(12
bloc
ks f
rom
Mon
roe
Stre
et t
o C
ritte
nden
Str
eet)
no t
rail
from
For
t To
tten
Met
rora
il st
atio
n to
Tak
oma
Met
rora
il st
atio
n
The
trai
l will
als
o co
nnec
t in
to e
xist
ing
and
plan
ned
trai
ls in
clud
ing
the
Cap
italC
resc
ent
Trai
l (al
so
a ra
il-tr
ail),
the
Ana
cost
iaRi
ver
Trai
l sys
tem
, and
the
num
erou
s tr
ails
in P
rince
Geo
rges
Cou
nty.
A
ccom
pani
ed b
y ex
istin
g an
d pl
anne
d pe
dest
rian
and
bicy
cle
amen
ities
, thi
s sy
stem
will
pro
vide
a
plac
e fo
r a
maj
ority
of
the
Dis
tric
t’s r
esid
ents
and
vis
itors
to
enga
ge in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
and
ext
end
the
trai
l’s n
etw
ork
to o
utly
ing
neig
hbor
hood
s w
hose
res
iden
ts v
iew
tra
ils a
s an
incr
easi
ngly
vita
l co
mpo
nent
to
the
regi
on’s
over
all h
ealth
y-liv
ing
agen
da.
Stu
dy
Are
a
The
focu
s of
the
rec
omm
enda
tions
is t
he n
eigh
borh
oods
adj
acen
t to
the
sec
tion
of t
rail
curr
ently
be
ing
built
fro
m N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
to F
rank
lin S
tree
t. T
hese
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds in
clud
e Ec
king
ton
and
Edge
woo
d an
d th
e so
uthe
rn s
ectio
n of
Bro
okla
nd. E
ckin
gton
and
Edg
ewoo
d ar
e hi
stor
ic
neig
hbor
hood
s no
ted
for
view
s of
the
Cap
itol B
uild
ing,
his
toric
al r
ow h
ouse
arc
hite
ctur
e an
d pr
oxim
ity t
o th
e do
wnt
own
core
. Edg
ewoo
d is
loca
ted
to t
he n
orth
of
Ecki
ngto
n an
d is
als
o ho
me
to E
dgew
ood
Terr
ace,
a la
rge
com
plex
of
mix
ed-in
com
e an
d se
nior
-citi
zen
hous
ing.
Bot
h Ec
king
ton
and
Edge
woo
d ar
e fo
und
in W
ard
Five
of
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. and
hav
e ea
sy a
cces
s to
bot
h th
e N
ew
York
and
Rho
deIs
land
Ave
nue
Met
rora
il st
atio
ns.
The
stud
y ar
ea is
bou
nded
by
Fran
klin
Str
eet
to t
he n
orth
; New
Yor
kA
venu
e to
the
sou
th; a
nd
Nor
thC
apito
l Str
eet
to t
he w
est.
On
the
east
, the
stu
dy a
rea
follo
ws
the
railr
oad
trac
ks (v
eerin
g ea
st a
long
Rho
deIs
land
Ave
nue
then
nor
th a
long
10th
Str
eet
to in
clud
e th
e so
uthe
rn p
art
of t
he
Broo
klan
d ne
ighb
orho
od).
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE7
Trai
l-H
ealt
h C
on
nec
tio
n
Ove
r th
e pa
st 2
0 ye
ars
obes
ity h
as b
ecom
e a
sign
ifica
nt h
ealth
ris
k. T
henu
mbe
r of
dea
ths
asso
ciat
ed w
ith o
besi
ty is
sec
ond
only
to
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s pe
r ye
ar r
elat
ed t
o sm
okin
g. In
200
4, t
he C
ente
rs f
or D
isea
se
Con
trol
ann
ounc
ed t
hat
the
obes
ity r
ate
amon
g th
e ad
ult
popu
latio
n sw
elle
d to
30
perc
ent
(abo
ut 6
0 m
illio
n), a
figu
re t
hat
has
doub
led
sinc
e 19
80. T
he h
ealth
ris
ks a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith o
besi
ty c
an b
e ad
dres
sed
by
crea
ting
envi
ronm
ents
tha
t pr
ovid
e in
divi
dual
s w
ith a
pla
ce t
o en
gage
in
phys
ical
act
ivity
. Res
earc
h su
gges
ts t
hat
wal
king
is a
par
ticul
arly
impo
r-ta
nt c
ompo
nent
to
activ
e liv
ing
sinc
e it
is t
he m
ost
acce
ssib
le f
orm
of
phys
ical
act
ivity
acr
oss
soci
oeco
nom
ic g
roup
s an
d in
are
as t
hat
are
urba
n or
rur
al (H
ende
rson
, 200
5). R
elat
ed s
tudi
es s
uppo
rt t
he r
ole
of m
ulti-
use
trai
ls a
s en
hanc
ers
of c
omm
uniti
es’ p
edes
tria
n an
d bi
cycl
e in
fras
truc
ture
an
d re
info
rce
the
notio
n th
at t
rails
con
trib
ute
to c
omm
unity
hea
lth b
y pr
ovid
ing
acce
ssib
le a
nd s
afe
wal
king
and
bik
ing
envi
ronm
ents
. The
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l ext
ends
thr
ough
eco
nom
ical
ly d
istr
esse
d co
mm
uniti
es t
hat
are
in n
eed
of s
afe,
inex
pens
ive
recr
eatio
nal f
acili
ties
to h
elp
prom
ote
heal
thy
lifes
tyle
s an
d cu
rb t
he in
crea
sing
tre
nds
of o
besi
ty
and
high
blo
od p
ress
ure.
Soci
al C
on
dit
ion
s
Dem
ogra
phic
ally,
Eck
ingt
on a
nd E
dgew
ood
are
pred
omin
antly
Afr
ican
-A
mer
ican
com
mun
ities
, with
92.
5 pe
rcen
t of
the
pop
ulat
ion
repo
rted
as
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an.A
ppro
xim
atel
y 14
per
cent
of
the
popu
latio
n w
ithin
th
ese
two
neig
hbor
hood
s is
rep
orte
d as
bei
ng 6
5 ye
ars
of a
ge o
r ol
der.
Trai
ls a
re p
artic
ular
ly g
ood
for
olde
r pe
rson
s w
ho m
ay b
e m
ore
able
to
enga
ge in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
whe
n sa
fe in
fras
truc
ture
, suc
h as
a t
rail,
is in
pl
ace.
Add
ition
ally,
app
roxi
mat
ely
54 p
erce
nt o
f th
e po
pula
tion
with
in
thes
e tw
o ne
ighb
orho
ods
is re
port
ed a
s be
ing
fem
ale,
esp
ecia
lly im
port
ant
whe
n co
nsid
erin
g sa
fety
in g
ettin
g to
and
tra
velin
g al
ong
the
trai
l.
The
stud
y ar
ea h
as a
rel
ativ
ely
high
rat
e of
pov
erty
whi
ch r
ange
s fr
om
10 p
erce
nt t
o 38
per
cent
. Stu
dies
hav
e sh
own
that
pov
erty
rat
es o
ver
40 p
erce
nt c
an c
reat
e se
lf-re
info
rcin
g ne
gativ
e cy
cles
tha
t m
ay a
ffec
t pe
dest
rian
and
bicy
clin
g sa
fety
. The
hig
hest
rat
e of
pov
erty
in t
he s
tudy
ar
ea is
just
bel
ow 4
0 pe
rcen
t.
Safe
ty is
als
o a
maj
or c
once
rn. A
larg
e po
rtio
n of
the
stu
dy a
rea
is
desi
gnat
ed a
s a
“Hot
Spo
t” b
y th
e M
etro
polit
an P
olic
e D
epar
tmen
t an
d th
us r
ecei
ves
spec
ial a
tten
tion
unde
r D
.C.’s
“H
ot S
pot
Initi
ativ
e”.T
he“H
ot S
pot
Initi
ativ
e” is
an
effo
rt t
hat
brin
gs t
oget
her
the
polic
e, a
ran
ge
of o
ther
city
gov
ernm
ent
agen
cies
and
the
priv
ate
and
non-
profi
t se
ctor
s fo
r a
focu
sed
assa
ult
on b
oth
crim
e an
d th
e un
derly
ing
cond
ition
s th
at
can
bree
d cr
ime
in 1
4 ge
ogra
phic
ally
com
pact
hig
h cr
ime
area
s lo
cate
d th
roug
hout
DC
. Bec
ause
the
are
a is
des
igna
ted
as a
“ho
t sp
ot”,
MPD
assi
gns
addi
tiona
l pat
rols
to
the
area
whi
ch w
ill p
ositi
vely
ben
efit
the
safe
ty o
f th
e tr
ail a
nd e
nabl
e re
side
nts
to f
eel m
ore
com
fort
able
usi
ng
the
trai
l.
Com
mun
ity f
acili
ties
and
reso
urce
s ar
e im
port
ant
pote
ntia
l ass
ets
to
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l (M
BT).
The
follo
win
g co
mm
unity
fac
ilitie
s ar
e lo
cate
d w
ithin
the
stu
dy a
rea:
sev
en s
choo
ls, e
ight
chu
rche
s, fi
ve
recr
eatio
n fa
cilit
ies,
thr
ee m
arke
t/gr
ocer
y st
ores
, as
wel
l as
the
Rhod
eIs
land
and
New
Yor
kA
venu
eM
etro
sta
tions
, Bre
ntw
ood
Mai
l Pro
cess
ing
Plan
t, a
nd n
earb
y pa
rks
and
open
spa
ces.
Com
mun
ity f
acul
ties
and
reso
urce
s ca
n be
use
d as
a w
ay t
o ed
ucat
e ne
ighb
orho
od r
esid
ents
of
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ities
as
wel
l as
prom
ote
the
exis
tenc
e of
th
e tr
ail.
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE8
Phys
ical
Co
nd
itio
ns
An
indi
vidu
al’s
desi
re a
nd a
bilit
y to
eng
age
in p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity is
als
o im
pact
ed b
y th
e co
mpl
ex a
nd
dyna
mic
var
iabl
es t
hat
mak
e up
the
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
t. S
idew
alks
are
fun
dam
enta
l com
pone
nts
of a
ny w
alka
ble
com
mun
ity. S
idew
alks
fos
ter
safe
and
con
veni
ent
pede
stria
n m
ovem
ent.
Inge
nera
l, th
e si
dew
alk
syst
em s
urro
undi
ng t
he M
BT in
our
stu
dy a
rea
is r
elat
ivel
y co
mpr
ehen
sive
. Fo
r th
e m
ost
part
ver
y fe
w s
tree
ts a
re m
issi
ng s
idew
alks
, whi
ch m
akes
for
goo
d co
nnec
tivity
in
the
area
. Unf
ortu
nate
ly, m
any
of t
he s
tree
ts t
hat
are
mis
sing
sid
ewal
ks a
nd a
cces
sibi
lity
ram
ps a
re
the
sam
e st
reet
s w
hich
will
eve
ntua
lly s
erve
as
acce
ss p
oint
s to
the
MBT
, pre
vent
ing
indi
vidu
als
with
dis
abili
ties
as w
ell a
s ot
her
com
mun
ity r
esid
ents
fro
m g
ettin
g to
the
tra
il. T
he a
esth
etic
s of
th
e ne
ighb
orho
od c
ould
be
impr
oved
(for
exa
mpl
e th
roug
h st
reet
-sca
ping
and
tre
e pl
antin
g) t
o en
cour
age
phys
ical
act
ivity
.
Co
ncl
usi
on
Alth
ough
muc
h w
ork
still
nee
ds t
o be
don
e, t
he c
ompl
etio
n of
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l can
hav
e a
trem
endo
usly
po
sitiv
e ef
fect
on
the
neig
hbor
hood
s ad
jace
nt t
o it
and
to t
he
city
and
the
reg
ion
as a
who
le. T
he t
rail
will
pro
vide
a s
afe
plac
e to
eng
age
in p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity b
oth
for
trav
el a
nd r
ecre
atio
n as
wel
l as
brin
g ne
ighb
orho
ods
and
neig
hbor
s to
geth
er a
long
the
tra
il. T
he p
lann
ed t
rail
is a
lread
y le
adin
g to
an
incr
ease
in in
vest
men
t in
the
are
a.
But,
bui
ldin
g th
e tr
ail i
s on
ly o
ne p
iece
of
a m
yria
d of
act
iviti
es a
nd a
men
ities
tha
t if
incl
uded
, will
si
gnifi
cant
ly c
ontr
ibut
e to
incr
ease
use
of
the
trai
l, an
d, t
here
fore
, a h
ealth
ier
com
mun
ity. W
ith
thos
e go
als
in m
ind
we
prov
ide
the
follo
win
g re
com
men
datio
ns.
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE9
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
Incr
easi
ng p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity in
a p
opul
atio
n is
a c
ompl
ex t
ask.
It is
mos
t su
cces
sful
whe
n ph
ysic
al
activ
ity c
an b
e co
mbi
ned
with
the
dai
ly b
ehav
iors
tha
t in
divi
dual
s en
gage
in. A
ccor
ding
to
the
Cen
ters
for
Dis
ease
Con
trol
:
Peop
le m
ay m
ake
deci
sion
s ba
sed
on t
heir
envi
ronm
ent
or c
omm
unity
. For
ex
ampl
e, a
per
son
may
cho
ose
not
to w
alk
to t
he s
tore
or
to w
ork
beca
use
of a
lack
of
side
wal
ks. C
omm
uniti
es, h
omes
, and
wor
kpla
ces
can
all i
nflue
nce
peop
le’s
heal
th d
ecis
ions
. Bec
ause
of
this
influ
ence
, it
is im
port
ant
to c
reat
e en
viro
nmen
ts in
the
se lo
catio
ns t
hat
mak
e it
easi
er t
o en
gage
in p
hysi
cal
activ
ity a
nd t
o ea
t a
heal
thy
diet
.
Trai
ls in
par
ticul
ar a
re a
ble
to in
crea
se p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity b
ecau
se t
hey
prov
ide
a he
alth
y pl
ace
to
enga
ge in
wha
t th
e po
pula
tion
does
on
a re
gula
r if
not
ever
yday
bas
is: t
rave
l and
rec
reat
e.
The
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l will
pro
vide
an
oppo
rtun
ity f
or c
itize
ns t
o bo
th t
rave
l and
rec
reat
e w
hile
eng
agin
g in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
. The
suc
cess
of
the
trai
l will
dep
end
on t
he n
umbe
r an
d di
vers
ity
of u
sers
. By
dive
rsity
we
mea
n pe
ople
of
vario
us a
ge g
roup
s, le
vels
of
phys
ical
hea
lth, r
aces
, cu
ltura
l bac
kgro
unds
, and
soc
io-e
cono
mic
leve
ls. A
s m
ore
peop
le u
se t
he t
rail,
phy
sica
l act
ivity
ra
tes
amon
g us
ers
will
incr
ease
. Th
eref
ore,
our
rec
omm
enda
tions
are
bas
ed o
n in
crea
sing
tra
il us
e am
ong
a di
vers
ity o
f us
ers
both
for
pur
pose
s of
tra
vel a
nd r
ecre
atio
n.
To d
eter
min
e th
e be
st m
etho
ds f
or e
ncou
ragi
ng t
rail
use,
the
Rai
ls-t
o-Tr
ails
Con
serv
ancy
exa
min
ed
curr
ent
stud
ies
and
best
pra
ctic
es, e
ngag
ed in
ext
ensi
ve c
omm
unity
out
reac
h, p
erfo
rmed
a p
hysi
cal
asse
ssm
ent
of t
he c
orrid
or a
nd a
djac
ent
neig
hbor
hood
s, a
nd lo
oked
to
our
own
twen
ty y
ears
of
rail-
trai
l exp
erie
nce.
“”
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE10
The
stra
tegi
es f
or e
ncou
ragi
ng t
rail
use
fell
into
the
fol
low
ing
six
gene
ral c
ateg
orie
s.
Imp
rove
co
nn
ecti
ng
INFR
AST
RUC
TURE
:A t
rail
is o
nly
as s
ucce
ssfu
l as
one’
s ab
ility
to
get
to
it w
heth
er b
y fo
ot, b
icyc
le, o
r w
heel
chai
r. In
gen
eral
, the
re a
re g
ood
pede
stria
n an
d bi
cycl
e am
eniti
es in
the
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds s
urro
undi
ng a
tra
il, b
ut it
onl
y ta
kes
one
mis
sing
ram
p to
mak
e th
e tr
ail i
nacc
essi
ble
to p
eopl
e w
ith d
isab
ilitie
s, o
r on
e da
nger
ous
inte
rsec
tion
to k
eep
pede
stria
ns a
nd b
icyc
list
away
.
Cre
ate
safe
AC
CES
S PO
INTS
/GA
TEW
AY
S: E
ntic
ing,
fre
quen
t an
d ea
sily
lo
cata
ble
acce
ss p
oint
s ar
e on
e of
the
mos
t im
port
ant
trai
l fea
ture
s. If
res
iden
ts c
an n
ot fi
nd t
he
acce
ss p
oint
s, t
hey
will
not
use
the
tra
il. A
cces
s po
ints
als
o pr
ovid
e an
opp
ortu
nity
to
get
crea
tive:
fr
om g
rand
ent
ranc
es t
o si
mpl
e hi
stor
ical
pla
ques
, a p
rope
rly d
esig
ned
acce
ss p
oint
can
exc
ite
resi
dent
s in
to u
sing
the
tra
il, in
trod
uce
user
s to
unf
amili
ar n
eigh
borh
oods
, and
cre
ate
a lo
catio
n fo
r co
mm
unity
gat
herin
gs.
Co
ord
inat
e TR
AIL
ATT
RAC
TIO
NS
(act
ivit
ies
and
am
enit
ies)
:An
exce
llent
way
of
incr
easi
ng t
rail
use
amon
g a
dive
rse
grou
p of
use
rs is
to
coor
dina
te a
ctiv
ities
and
am
eniti
es t
hat
attr
act
a va
riety
of
user
s. In
divi
dual
s w
ho a
re n
ot a
ccus
tom
ed t
o us
ing
a tr
ail m
ight
not
und
erst
and
wha
t th
e tr
ail c
an b
e us
ed f
or. W
ell-m
arke
ted
prog
ram
mat
ic a
ctiv
ities
can
att
ract
pot
entia
l use
rs
to t
he t
rail,
initi
atin
g w
hat
mig
ht b
ecom
e re
gula
r us
e. A
ctiv
ities
can
incl
ude
one-
time
or p
erio
dic
activ
ities
.Am
eniti
es c
an in
clud
e in
tera
ctiv
e ob
ject
s an
d pr
ojec
ts s
uch
as p
ublic
art
or
a co
mm
unity
ga
rden
.
MA
RKET
th
e tr
ail:
Incr
easi
ng c
omm
unity
aw
aren
ess
of t
he t
rail
is n
eces
sary
to
incr
ease
tr
ail u
se a
nd c
an b
e ac
hiev
ed t
hrou
gh m
arke
ting
mea
sure
s th
at c
an in
clud
e: t
he c
reat
ion
and
dist
ribut
ion
of m
aps,
a m
edia
cam
paig
n, o
r w
ell a
dver
tised
pro
gram
mat
ic e
ffor
ts t
hat
com
bine
tra
il aw
aren
ess
with
phy
sica
l act
ivity
mea
sure
s.
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE11
Enh
ance
SAFE
TY o
n t
he
trai
l:A
tra
il w
ill o
nly
be u
sed
if re
side
nts
feel
the
y w
ill b
e sa
fe. I
t is
im
port
ant
to b
oth
enha
nce
the
perc
eptio
n of
saf
ety
by c
reat
ing
an a
esth
etic
ally
ple
asin
g an
d lit
ter-
free
tra
il, a
nd a
lso
addr
ess
crim
e di
rect
ly t
hrou
gh t
he e
stab
lishm
ent
of v
olun
teer
or
polic
e-ba
sed
safe
ty p
atro
ls.
Enh
ance
th
e tr
ail-
bas
ed C
OA
LITI
ON
:Mos
t su
cces
sful
tra
ils h
ave
a co
rres
pond
ing
priv
ate
or p
ublic
-priv
ate
supp
ort
orga
niza
tion
that
is u
sual
ly in
volv
ed in
tra
il de
velo
pmen
t, f
und-
rais
ing,
m
aint
enan
ce, s
afet
y an
d on
-goi
ng a
ctiv
ities
incl
udin
g aw
aren
ess-
build
ing.
Cur
rent
ly, t
he C
oalit
ion
for
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l act
s as
a s
uppo
rt o
rgan
izat
ion
and
was
fou
nded
to
advo
cate
for
th
e bu
ildin
g of
the
tra
il. T
here
is a
n op
port
unity
to
incr
ease
rep
rese
ntat
ion
on t
he c
oalit
ion
and
to
expa
nd it
s ro
le o
nce
the
trai
l is
built
.
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE12
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE13
AC
TIO
NIT
EMS
Base
d on
Rai
ls-t
o-Tr
ails
Con
serv
ancy
’s ex
perie
nce
acro
ss t
he c
ount
y, r
esea
rch,
the
phy
sica
l as
sess
men
t an
d co
mm
unity
out
reac
h, s
peci
fic a
ctio
n ite
ms
for
incr
easi
ng t
rail
use
wer
e cr
eate
d.
Thes
e ac
tion
item
s re
pres
ent
vario
us w
ays
of im
plem
entin
g th
e su
cces
sful
str
ateg
ies
disc
usse
d ab
ove
for
incr
easi
ng t
rail
use.
Som
e ac
tions
sho
uld
be u
nder
take
n w
hile
the
tra
il is
bei
ng d
esig
ned
and
built
whe
reas
oth
er it
ems
shou
ld t
ake
plac
e af
ter
the
trai
l has
bee
n co
mpl
eted
. Dep
endi
ng o
n w
hen
the
actio
n ite
ms
shou
ld
take
pla
ce, t
hey
are
liste
d un
der
“dur
ing
desi
gn/b
uild
sta
ge”
or “
afte
r tr
ail c
ompl
etio
n” b
elow
.
Act
ion
item
s al
so v
ary
in t
ime
,,
, and
cos
t co
mm
itmen
t ($
, $$,
$$$
rep
rese
nts
low
, med
ium
, and
hig
h co
sts)
. Tim
e is
rep
rese
nted
sim
ilarly
.
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE14
AC
TIO
N IT
EMS
TOC
OM
PLET
ED
UR
ING
DES
IGN
/BU
ILD
STA
GE
Bic
ycle
an
d p
edes
tria
n IN
FRA
STRU
CTU
RE: W
hile
ped
estr
ian
and
bicy
cle
amen
ities
in
the
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds a
djac
ent
to t
he t
rail
are
resp
ecta
ble,
impr
ovin
g co
nditi
ons
wou
ld in
crea
se
the
num
ber
of t
rail
user
s. In
add
ition
, the
str
eets
alo
ng t
he b
lock
s th
at e
nd a
t th
e tr
ail t
ypic
ally
lack
si
dew
alks
or
any
form
of
pede
stria
n or
bic
ycle
am
enity
. In
this
stu
dy, s
peci
fic is
sue
area
s ha
ve b
een
docu
men
ted
and
are
acco
mpa
nied
by
map
s.
.A
ctio
n: F
und
the
coor
dina
tion
of a
tou
r w
ith t
he D
C D
epar
tmen
t of
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
(DD
OT)
bicy
cle
and
pede
stria
n co
ordi
nato
rs a
nd R
ails
-to-
Trai
lsC
onse
rvan
cy u
sing
thi
s re
port
whi
ch
incl
udes
a m
ap o
f m
issi
ng a
nd u
n-m
aint
aine
d in
fras
truc
ture
. En
sure
tha
t bi
cycl
e an
d pe
dest
rian
impr
ovem
ents
are
incl
uded
in f
utur
e w
ork
plan
s. E
ncou
rage
DD
OT
to a
dd w
ay-fi
ndin
g bi
cycl
e ro
ute
sign
age
alon
g po
tent
ial c
onne
ctin
g co
rrid
ors
thro
ugh
the
curr
ent
bicy
clin
g ro
ute
sign
age
prog
ram
.
$
AC
CES
S PO
INTS
/GA
TEW
AY
S:C
onne
ctin
g on
-str
eet
rout
es t
o th
e tr
ail c
ould
be
enh
ance
d to
est
ablis
h vi
sibl
y ap
peal
ing
conn
ectio
ns a
nd e
ntra
nces
to
the
trai
l. C
lear
ly d
efine
d ac
cess
poi
nts
are
nece
ssar
y fo
r ad
jace
nt c
omm
uniti
es t
o lo
cate
the
tra
il an
d re
cogn
ize
its p
oten
tial
as a
rec
reat
ion
and
tran
spor
tatio
n co
rrid
or. E
nhan
cing
the
qua
lity
of c
onne
ctio
ns t
o th
e tr
ail c
ould
in
clud
e pu
blic
art
inst
alla
tions
, det
aile
d m
aps,
his
toric
pla
ques
, or
easy
to
unde
rsta
nd s
igna
ge. W
ell
lit a
nd d
esig
ned
acce
ss a
reas
can
als
o ac
t as
out
door
com
mun
ity c
ente
rs.
.A
ctio
n: F
und
the
coor
dina
tion
with
DD
OT,
loca
l com
mun
ity o
rgan
izat
ions
, and
DC
Dep
artm
ent
of t
he A
rts
and
Hum
aniti
es a
nd s
ecur
e fu
ndin
g to
des
ign
and
build
a g
atew
ay a
cces
s po
int(
s).
• Th
e cu
rren
t de
sign
/bui
ld s
cope
incl
udes
cre
atin
g co
nnec
tions
to
loca
l str
eets
and
cou
ld b
e ta
ilore
d to
incl
ude
an a
rtis
tic/h
isto
ric g
atew
ay(s
).
$ –$
$ $
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE15
TRA
ILA
TTRA
CTI
ON
:Com
mun
ity g
arde
ns a
ttra
ct c
omm
unity
mem
bers
to
the
trai
l, pr
ovid
e a
beau
tiful
am
enity
to
the
trai
l, an
d ca
n ad
d to
the
abu
ndan
ce o
f he
alth
y fo
od in
th
e ne
ighb
orho
od. A
num
ber
of t
rails
acr
oss
the
coun
ty h
ave
very
suc
cess
ful a
djac
ent
com
mun
ity
gard
ens
(for
exa
mpl
e: t
he C
apita
l City
Tra
il in
Mad
ison
, WI).
Was
hing
ton,
DC
has
a n
umbe
r of
com
-m
unity
gar
dens
who
se c
oord
inat
ion
coul
d be
repl
icat
ed.
.A
ctio
n:C
reat
e a
com
mitt
ee o
f in
tere
sted
indi
vidu
als
to r
esea
rch
this
sub
ject
invo
lvin
g re
pres
en-
tativ
es f
rom
loca
l sch
ools
, the
Coa
litio
n fo
r th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail,
and
civi
c as
soci
atio
ns.
Rese
arch
oth
er c
omm
unity
gar
dens
in t
he a
rea.
Wor
k w
ith D
DO
T to
es
tabl
ish
spac
e fo
r ga
rden
s al
ong
the
trai
l.
•D
DO
T sa
id t
hat
land
is a
vaila
ble
near
the
Rho
deIs
land
Met
ro s
tatio
n fo
r a
gard
en.
The
7th S
tree
t G
arde
n w
as r
ecen
tly e
stab
lishe
d to
“of
fer
yout
h an
d ad
ults
alik
e a
safe
, ou
tdoo
r se
ttin
g to
lear
n, g
row
n an
d no
uris
h” a
nd is
look
ing
for
addi
tiona
l spa
ce t
o bu
ild
and
man
age
a ga
rden
. ww
w.T
he7t
hStr
eetG
arde
n.sq
aure
spac
e.co
m (C
onta
ct: L
iz F
alk:
7t
hStr
eetG
arde
n@gm
ail.c
om)
Wat
er w
ill n
ot b
e pr
ovid
ed a
long
the
tra
il, s
o so
me
type
of
wat
er c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
wou
ld
have
to
be im
plem
ente
d or
wat
er m
ay b
e av
aila
ble
via
the
Rhod
eIs
land
Sho
ppin
g C
ente
r.
$ $
Trai
l CO
ALI
TIO
N:C
omm
unity
ow
ners
hip
of t
he t
rail
is e
ssen
tial t
o its
suc
cess
as
a ca
taly
st
for
incr
ease
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity a
mon
g ar
ea r
esid
ents
. A t
rail
orga
niza
tion,
the
Coa
litio
n fo
r th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail,
is c
urre
ntly
in e
xist
ence
.
. A
ctio
n: E
nhan
ce t
he C
oalit
ion
for
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l by
incr
easi
ng t
he n
umbe
r of
m
embe
rs o
f th
e C
oalit
ion
to in
clud
e ad
jace
nt n
eigh
borh
oods
, pub
lic e
ntiti
es (D
C P
ublic
Sch
ools
, D
C D
epar
tmen
t of
Par
ks a
nd R
ecre
atio
n, D
DO
T) a
nd p
rivat
e en
titie
s (p
rivat
e sc
hool
s, c
hurc
hes,
th
e he
alth
com
mun
ity).
The
trai
l org
aniz
atio
n co
uld
also
tak
e th
e fo
rm o
f a
may
oral
-app
oint
ed
task
for
ce (w
hich
coul
d en
sure
par
ticip
atio
n fr
om p
ublic
ent
ities
). Se
rvin
g as
a c
omm
unic
atio
n m
echa
nism
to
DD
OT,
the
tra
il or
gani
zatio
n / t
ask
forc
e co
uld
be a
veh
icle
to
impl
emen
t co
mm
unity
ou
trea
ch a
nd t
o ex
pedi
te t
rail
desi
gn a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion.
$
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE16
TRA
ILA
TTRA
CTI
ON
:Art
on
the
trai
l is a
n es
sent
ial e
lem
ent
in e
ngag
ing
the
com
mun
ity, c
reat
ing
a se
nse
of o
wne
rshi
p fo
r th
e tr
ail,
and
show
casi
ng t
he u
niqu
e cu
ltura
l he
ritag
e w
ithin
the
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d. E
xem
plar
y m
odel
s of
com
bini
ng t
rails
and
pub
lic a
rt in
clud
e:
Litt
leRo
ck,A
rk. —
Are
a ph
ysic
ians
con
trib
uted
to
a m
ajor
fun
drai
sing
driv
e th
at
spaw
ned
the
deve
lopm
ent
of t
he n
atio
n’s
first
“ou
tdoo
r lin
ear
heal
th m
useu
m,”
an
inno
vativ
e m
etho
d of
com
bini
ng t
rails
, pub
lic a
rt, a
nd h
ealth
. The
cre
ativ
e in
stal
latio
ns a
re
them
atic
ally
arr
ange
d to
edu
cate
tra
il us
ers
abou
t co
mm
on c
ause
s of
chr
onic
dis
ease
and
pr
omot
e pr
even
tativ
e m
easu
res,
like
exe
rcis
e, f
or a
hea
lthy
lifes
tyle
. ww
w.a
mer
ican
trai
ls.
org/
galle
ries/
7ind
ex.h
tm
Cha
ttan
ooga
,Ten
n. —
Scu
lptu
re in
stal
latio
ns d
ot t
he in
tric
ate
syst
em o
f tr
ails
and
gr
eenw
ays:
ww
w.a
mer
ican
trai
ls.o
rg/g
alle
ries/
1ind
ex.h
tm
• Th
e Q
uad
Citi
es,I
owa
and
Illin
ois
— S
ucce
ssfu
l dis
play
of
a un
ique
col
lect
ion
of s
culp
ture
s,
inst
alla
tions
, and
fou
ntai
ns o
n th
eir
river
fron
t tr
ails
: ww
w.a
mer
ican
trai
ls.o
rg/r
esou
rces
/art
/Q
Car
t.ht
ml
• M
inne
apol
is,M
inn.
— T
rails
are
ven
ues
for
cultu
ral e
vent
s th
at in
corp
orat
e lo
cal a
rt in
fe
stiv
al p
arad
es: w
ww
.mid
tow
ngre
enw
ay.o
rg/p
rogr
ams/
publ
ic_a
rt/
.A
ctio
n: F
und
the
coor
dina
tion
of a
n ar
ts p
rogr
am w
ith R
ails
-to-
Trai
lsC
onse
rvan
cy, D
C P
ublic
and
C
hart
er S
choo
ls, D
DO
T, D
C D
epar
tmen
t fo
r th
e A
rts
and
Hum
aniti
es, t
o cr
eate
mur
als
or in
clud
e ot
her
artw
ork
alon
g th
e tr
ail.
Seve
ral r
esid
ents
and
key
sta
keho
lder
s su
gges
ted
plac
ing
publ
ic a
rt
on t
he t
rail
whi
ch c
ould
hig
hlig
ht t
he h
isto
ry o
f th
e ne
ighb
orho
od a
nd/o
r hi
ghlig
ht h
ealth
y liv
ing.
C
urre
nt a
ctiv
ities
incl
ude:
• A
num
ber
of lo
cal c
hart
er s
choo
ls r
un m
ural
pro
gram
s an
d ar
e in
tere
sted
in c
reat
ing
trai
l-si
de m
ural
s.
• Th
e Ed
gew
ood
Civ
icA
ssoc
iatio
n w
as r
ecen
tly f
unde
d to
res
earc
h th
e hi
stor
y of
the
ne
ighb
orho
od a
nd t
o co
mm
unic
ate
that
his
tory
via
a n
ewsl
ette
r.
• A
con
cept
ual p
ublic
art
pla
n fo
r th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail,
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l Pub
lic A
rt/C
ivic
Des
ign
Sket
chbo
ok, w
as p
rodu
ced
for
DD
OT
seve
ral y
ears
ago
and
pr
ovid
es a
n ov
erar
chin
g th
emat
ic c
once
pt f
or e
ach
segm
ent
of t
he t
rail.
The
pla
n re
fers
to
the
segm
ent
of t
he t
rail
loca
ted
adja
cent
to
the
Edge
woo
d an
d Ec
king
ton
neig
hbor
hood
s as
the
mos
t “d
ram
atic
” se
ctio
n be
caus
e th
e lo
ng s
ight
line
s to
the
US
Cap
ital b
uild
ing.
Th
e Sk
etch
book
str
esse
s th
e im
port
ance
of
invo
lvin
g ad
jace
nt c
omm
unity
mem
bers
in t
he
crea
tive
proc
ess
cont
endi
ng t
hat
com
mun
ity in
volv
emen
t w
ill b
e vi
tal t
o lo
cal r
esid
ents
’ pe
rson
al u
se a
nd o
wne
rshi
p of
the
tra
il. W
hile
the
Ske
tchb
ook
prov
ides
a c
once
ptua
l map
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE17
for
inco
rpor
atin
g pu
blic
art
, the
re is
no
acco
mpa
nyin
g pl
an f
or im
plem
enta
tion.
ww
w.
met
bran
chtr
ail.c
om/D
ocum
ents
/App
endi
xA_T
abA
_MBT
Sket
ch%
2009
-10-
04.p
df
• Th
e D
CC
omm
issi
on f
or A
rts
and
Hum
aniti
es (D
CC
AH
) mai
ntai
ns C
omm
unity
Art
Initi
ativ
esth
at in
clud
e th
e co
mm
issi
on o
f ar
tists
for
pub
lic a
rt in
site
s de
sign
ated
by
city
res
iden
ts.
The
DC
CA
H P
ublic
Art
Bui
ldin
g C
omm
uniti
es g
rant
pro
gram
off
ers
fund
s to
elig
ible
art
ists
an
d no
npro
fit o
rgan
izat
ions
for
the
cre
atio
n an
d in
stal
latio
n of
per
man
ent
publ
ic a
rt
proj
ects
with
a li
fe s
pan
of a
t le
ast
five
(5) y
ears
. ww
w.d
cart
s.dc
.gov
/.
The
Publ
ic A
rt N
etw
ork
prov
ides
exc
elle
nt r
esou
rces
to
com
mun
ities
inte
rest
ed in
im
plem
entin
g a
publ
ic a
rt p
lan
or p
roje
ct.
ww
w.a
rtsu
sa.o
rg/s
ervi
ces/
publ
ic_a
rt_n
etw
ork/
$ $
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE18
AC
TIO
N IT
EMS
TOC
OM
PLET
EA
FTER
TRA
IL C
OM
PLET
ION
TRA
ILA
TTRA
CTI
ON
S:Bi
cycl
e sh
op a
nd t
rain
ing
prov
ide
skill
s an
d a
sens
e of
prid
e to
you
ng a
nd o
ld a
like;
pro
vide
aft
er s
choo
l act
ivity
for
sch
ool-a
ged
yout
hs; a
nd w
ill
incr
ease
the
num
ber
of r
esid
ents
usi
ng t
he t
rail
by b
icyc
le. E
xam
ples
of
posi
tive
prog
ram
s in
clud
e:
In S
t. L
ouis
, Mo.
, a b
icyc
le s
afet
y pr
ogra
m u
ses
in-s
choo
l pre
sent
atio
ns, b
roch
ures
, and
bi
cycl
e ro
ute
map
s to
edu
cate
stu
dent
s an
d en
cour
age
phys
ical
act
ivity
thr
ough
bic
yclin
g.
The
prog
ram
was
impl
emen
ted
by a
loca
l bic
ycle
adv
ocac
y or
gani
zatio
n ca
lled
Bike
St.
Lou
is.
For
mor
e in
form
atio
n, re
fer
to t
he N
atio
nal T
rans
port
atio
n En
hanc
emen
t C
lear
ingh
ouse
20
07 p
ublic
atio
n, E
nhan
cing
Am
eric
a’s
Com
mun
ities
ww
w.e
nhan
cem
ents
.org
.
•Pe
dals
for
Pro
gres
s (w
ww
.p4p
.org
/) se
rves
in c
olle
ctin
g, r
ehab
ilita
ting,
and
dis
sem
inat
ing
used
bic
ycle
s to
impo
veris
hed
coun
trie
s ar
ound
the
wor
ld. C
reat
ing
a si
mila
r lo
cal p
rogr
am
wou
ld m
ake
bicy
cles
mor
e af
ford
able
and
acc
essi
ble
to r
esid
ents
of
all a
ges,
allo
win
g m
ore
peop
le t
o ex
perie
nce
the
trai
l thr
ough
diff
eren
t ty
pes
of u
se.
.A
ctio
n: F
und
a pr
ogra
m w
hich
tea
ches
bik
e sa
fety
and
rep
air
and
prov
ides
fre
e or
inex
pens
ive
bicy
cles
to
neig
hbor
hood
res
iden
ts. A
num
ber
of n
eigh
borh
ood
stak
ehol
ders
, inc
ludi
ng lo
cal
scho
ols,
spo
ke o
f th
e ne
ed t
o in
clud
e bi
cycl
e sa
fety
and
rep
air
clas
ses.
Cur
rent
ly, a
pro
gram
is r
un
thou
gh D
C t
he P
olic
e D
epar
tmen
t. U
ntil
rece
ntly,
DC
was
hom
e to
an
inno
vativ
e yo
uth-
base
d se
rvic
e or
gani
zatio
n th
at p
rom
oted
com
mun
ity h
ealth
and
edu
cate
d st
uden
ts a
bout
bic
ycle
saf
ety
and
mai
nten
ance
. Ref
erre
d to
as
Shaw
Eco
Vill
age,
the
pro
gram
ran
a b
icyc
le s
hop
that
tra
ined
loca
l yo
uth
on b
icyc
le m
aint
enan
ce a
nd r
epai
r, gi
ving
the
m t
he s
kills
nec
essa
ry t
o w
ork
in a
nd o
pera
te
the
shop
, cal
led
Cha
inRe
actio
n.U
nfor
tuna
tely,
the
pro
gram
clo
sed
the
door
s of
Cha
inRe
actio
nan
d is
no
long
er f
unct
ioni
ng a
s an
org
aniz
atio
n. A
pro
gram
suc
h as
Cha
inRe
actio
n co
uld
be a
n im
port
ant
addi
tion
to t
he E
dgew
ood
and
Ecki
ngto
n ne
ighb
orho
ods
prov
idin
g a
muc
h ne
eded
op
port
unity
for
you
ng p
eopl
e in
the
are
a. A
tra
il-si
de lo
catio
n fo
r a
new
com
mun
ity-r
un b
ike
shop
w
ould
be
an id
eal w
ay t
o at
trac
t tr
ail u
se a
nd p
rovi
de a
ffor
dabl
e bi
cycl
es t
o ar
ea r
esid
ents
.
For
mor
e on
the
his
tory
, str
uctu
re, a
nd c
omm
unity
impa
ct o
f Sh
aw E
coV
illag
e an
d th
eir
shop
,Cha
inRe
actio
n, v
isit
thei
r ar
chiv
ed w
ebsi
te: w
ww
.sha
wec
ovill
age.
org/
•W
ashi
ngto
n A
rea
Bicy
cle
Ass
ocia
tion
(WA
BA) c
urre
ntly
run
s a
Bike
/Ped
Saf
ety
Educ
atio
n pr
ogra
m f
or c
hild
ren
at a
rea
scho
ol a
nd r
ecre
atio
nal f
acili
ties
and
coul
d in
clud
e co
urse
s al
ong
the
trai
l.
$ –$
$ $
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE19
TRA
ILA
TTRA
CTI
ON
S:O
ne-t
ime
or r
egul
ar t
rail
even
ts.F
or p
eopl
e w
ho a
re u
nfam
iliar
with
tra
ils, d
o no
t un
ders
tand
the
ir po
tent
ial u
se, o
r ar
e ev
en u
nsur
e w
hat
they
m
ight
look
like
, pla
nnin
g re
gula
r or
one
-tim
e ev
ents
cre
ates
a p
erfe
ct o
ppor
tuni
ty t
o at
trac
t pe
ople
to
the
tra
il an
d ad
vert
ise
its u
se. T
hese
act
iviti
es c
an b
e pl
anne
d to
tea
ch r
esid
ents
abo
ut h
ealth
y liv
ing
such
as
heal
thy
eatin
g or
per
form
ing
heal
th c
heck
-ups
.
.A
ctio
n it
ems:
Pla
n a
regu
lar
or o
ne t
ime
even
t al
ong
the
trai
l, m
arke
ting
it ex
cess
ivel
y an
d fo
cusi
ng o
n ed
ucat
ing
peop
le o
n th
e lo
catio
n of
the
tra
il, a
cces
s po
ints
, and
wha
t th
ey c
an d
o al
ong
a tr
ail.
Wal
king
gro
ups:
Indi
vidu
als
unus
ed t
o us
ing
a tr
ail m
ay b
e m
ore
likel
y to
eng
age
in p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity
if th
ey c
an d
o so
with
a g
roup
tha
t m
eets
on
a re
gula
r ba
sis.
Coo
rdin
atin
g a
regu
lar
wal
king
gro
up
is a
gre
at w
ay t
o ge
t ne
w u
sers
on
a tr
ail a
nd c
an b
e co
ordi
nate
d w
ith lo
cal s
choo
ls, r
ecre
atio
nal
cent
ers
or e
lder
ly c
ente
rs.
Initi
ativ
es li
ke A
mer
ica
On
the
Mov
e ht
tp://
aom
.am
eric
aont
hem
ove.
org/
pro
vide
res
ourc
es
for
com
mun
ities
tha
t ar
e in
tere
sted
in f
orm
ing
wal
king
gro
ups.
•W
alki
ng s
choo
l bus
es c
an g
et k
ids
safe
ly t
o sc
hool
ww
w.w
alki
ngsc
hool
bus.
org
Ann
ual e
vent
s: A
n an
nual
eve
nt m
ight
incl
ude
prom
otin
g th
e tr
ail a
s a
way
to
get
to a
nd f
rom
ev
ents
alo
ng t
he t
rail.
Som
e ex
ampl
es in
clud
e:
The
Blac
k Fa
mily
Reu
nion
Cel
ebra
tion
on t
he M
all,
an a
nnua
l eve
nt s
pons
ored
by
the
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
of N
egro
Wom
en, p
rom
otes
hea
lth, e
duca
tion,
and
eco
nom
ic
empo
wer
men
t.U
sing
the
tra
il du
ring
the
even
t w
ould
incr
ease
com
mun
ity a
war
enes
s ab
out
the
trai
l and
cre
ate
the
pote
ntia
l to
attr
act
thou
sand
s of
vis
itors
. ww
w.n
cnw
.org
/ev
ents
/reu
nion
.htm
•N
atio
nalT
rails
Day
(Jun
e 2)
•N
atio
nal W
alk
to S
choo
l Wee
k (O
ctob
er 3
–7, 2
007)
Mar
tin L
uthe
r K
ing,
Jr.
Day
of
Serv
ice
ww
w.m
lkda
y.go
v (w
hich
cou
ld in
clud
e a
clea
n-up
al
ong
the
trai
l)
Wal
king
tou
rs: O
ne t
echn
ique
to
coup
le p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity w
ith t
he c
ultiv
atio
n of
cul
tura
l and
his
toric
re
sour
ces
alon
g th
e tr
ail i
s to
inco
rpor
ate
it in
to a
larg
er s
yste
m o
f ne
ighb
orho
od “
wal
king
tou
rs”
prom
oted
by
vario
us g
roup
s su
ch a
s D
CC
ultu
ralT
ouris
m. W
alki
ng t
ours
can
be
orga
nize
d or
sel
f-gu
ided
, inc
orpo
rate
d in
larg
er e
vent
s or
act
as
a co
ntin
uous
pro
gram
. Exi
stin
g m
odel
s fo
r w
alki
ng
tour
s in
DC
and
in o
ther
urb
an a
reas
:
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE20
•N
eigh
borh
ood
Her
itage
Tra
ils u
se in
terp
retiv
e si
gnag
e to
gui
de v
isito
rs t
hrou
gh h
isto
rical
ly
uniq
ue a
reas
of
D.C
. ww
w.c
ultu
ralto
uris
mdc
.org
/info
rmat
ion
2546
/info
rmat
ion.
htm
.
•D
.C.C
ultu
ralT
ouris
m s
pons
ors
the
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an H
erita
ge T
rail,
a p
roje
ct t
hat
high
-lig
hts
loca
tions
in t
he D
istr
ict
that
are
sig
nific
ant
to t
he r
ich
hist
ory
of A
fric
anA
mer
ican
s.A
s th
e pr
ojec
t co
ntin
ues
to d
evel
op, t
he M
et B
ranc
h Tr
ail c
ould
pla
y an
impo
rtan
t ro
le in
pr
ovid
ing
safe
acc
ess
to p
oint
s of
inte
rest
. ww
w.c
ultu
ralto
uris
mdc
.org
/info
-url3
948/
info
-url.
htm
.
• In
Indi
anap
olis
,Ind
., a
7-m
ile u
rban
tra
il sy
stem
has
bee
n de
velo
ped
as a
cul
tura
l tra
il,
serv
ing
as a
n ex
celle
nt m
odel
: ww
w.in
dycu
ltura
ltrai
l.inf
o
–$
–$ $
$
MA
RKET
ING
: One
of
the
sim
ples
t w
ays
of g
ettin
g pe
ople
out
on
the
trai
l is
to t
ell
them
abo
ut it
and
sho
w t
hem
whe
re it
is. O
ur c
onve
rsat
ions
with
res
iden
ts a
nd k
ey s
take
hold
ers
reve
aled
tha
t m
any
loca
l res
iden
ts h
ad n
ot h
eard
of
the
trai
l, ev
en t
houg
h fu
ndin
g is
sec
ured
and
de
velo
pmen
t pl
ans
have
exi
sted
for
ove
r a
deca
de. T
hose
tha
t w
ere
fam
iliar
with
the
tra
il pl
an d
id
not
know
its
curr
ent
stat
us o
r w
here
it w
ould
be
acce
ssed
.
.A
ctio
n (
smal
l sca
le):
Can
vas
the
neig
hbor
hood
with
flye
rs t
hat
show
the
loca
tion
of t
he t
rail
and
acce
ss p
oint
s. B
icyc
le m
aps
can
be a
cqui
red
from
DD
OT
to f
amili
ariz
e re
side
nts
with
the
ex
istin
g bi
cycl
e am
eniti
es a
roun
d th
e ne
ighb
orho
od a
nd t
he s
afes
t ro
utes
to
trav
el t
o th
e tr
ail b
y bi
cycl
e. P
rese
nt in
form
atio
n ab
out
the
trai
l and
its
loca
tion
at lo
cal c
omm
unity
mee
tings
(Adv
isor
yN
eigh
borh
ood
Com
mis
sion
, Pol
ice
Serv
ice
Are
a, a
nd C
ivic
Ass
ocia
tions
mee
tings
) and
tar
gete
d ve
nues
suc
h as
rec
reat
iona
l fac
ilitie
s an
d ch
urch
es. A
dditi
onal
info
rmat
ion
coul
d in
clud
e hi
stor
ic
and
cultu
ral f
eatu
res,
how
the
tra
il co
nnec
ts t
o da
ily d
estin
atio
ns li
ke g
roce
ry s
tore
s, t
rans
it st
atio
ns, c
hurc
hes,
rec
reat
ion
faci
litie
s, a
nd s
choo
ls. M
aps
and
info
rmat
ion
coul
d al
so b
e m
ade
avai
labl
e to
the
com
mun
ity v
ia W
eb s
ites
and
post
ed a
t ap
prop
riate
com
mun
ity f
acili
ties.
$
.A
ctio
n (
larg
e sc
ale)
:Im
plem
ent
a m
ass
med
ia c
ampa
ign
to e
ncou
rage
phy
sica
l act
ivity
; use
the
tr
ail a
s a
venu
e fo
r ev
ents
; or
incl
ude
info
rmat
ion
abou
t th
e tr
ail i
n m
edia
mes
sage
s. T
wo
exam
ples
of
suc
cess
ful m
edia
cam
paig
ns t
hat
utili
zed
trai
ls a
nd e
ncou
rage
d he
alth
y lif
esty
le c
hang
e in
clud
e:
Whe
elin
g W
alks
, a p
rogr
am in
Whe
elin
g, W
V t
hat
enco
urag
ed r
esid
ents
to
wal
k fo
r 30
m
inut
es a
day
in o
rder
to
mee
t re
com
men
ded
daily
leve
ls o
f ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity. B
y us
ing
a co
mbi
natio
n of
fre
quen
tly a
ired
tele
visi
on, r
adio
, and
prin
t an
noun
cem
ents
, the
Whe
elin
g
SURV
EYA
ND
REC
OM
MEN
DA
TIO
NS
TOEN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
ILU
SE21
Wal
ks b
rief
and
dire
ct m
essa
ges
perm
eate
d th
e ai
rwav
es a
nd n
ewsp
aper
s to
rea
ch a
larg
e pa
rt o
f th
e po
pula
tion
and
affe
ct h
ealth
y lif
esty
le c
hang
es. T
he p
rogr
am s
igni
fican
tly
incr
ease
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity in
sed
enta
ry r
esid
ents
and
util
ized
a lo
cal r
ail-t
rail
and
adja
cent
am
phith
eate
r as
a k
ick-
off
and
clos
ing
cele
brat
ion
loca
tion.
For
mor
e in
form
atio
n: w
ww
.w
heel
ingw
alks
.org
/inde
x.as
p or
rea
d m
ore
abou
t th
e ca
mpa
ign
in t
he R
TC r
epor
t, C
reat
ing
Act
ive
Com
mun
ities
: Ten
Cas
e St
udie
s of
Pro
gram
s an
d Pa
rtne
rshi
ps.
• Th
eTa
ke O
ur T
rail
Cam
paig
n in
Mis
sour
i tha
t us
ed in
form
atio
nal c
omm
unity
out
reac
h ev
ents
to
enha
nce
acce
ss t
o pu
blic
pla
ces
for
phys
ical
act
ivity
. Usi
ng a
var
iety
of
med
ia
outle
ts, c
ampa
ign
coor
dina
tors
org
aniz
ed c
omm
unity
-wid
e w
alki
ng e
vent
s to
pro
mot
e th
e us
e of
loca
l tra
ils f
or e
xerc
ise.
The
initi
ativ
e is
hig
hlig
hted
in t
he 2
002
Cen
ters
for
Dis
ease
C
ontr
ol r
epor
t, P
hysi
cal A
ctiv
ity f
or E
very
one:
Phy
sica
l Act
ivity
Eva
luat
ion
Han
dboo
k: w
ww
.cd
c.go
v/nc
cdph
p/dn
pa/p
hysi
cal/h
andb
ook/
$ $
$
SAFE
TY: P
oten
tial t
rail
user
s m
ay b
e di
scou
rage
d fr
om u
sing
the
tra
il be
caus
e of
con
cern
s ab
out
safe
ty e
ither
act
ual o
r pe
rcei
ved.
Num
erou
s tr
ails
inco
rpor
ate
volu
ntee
r tr
ail p
atro
ls
coor
dina
ted
thro
ugh
a lo
cal p
olic
e de
part
men
t. In
add
ition
, kee
ping
the
tra
il lit
ter-
free
and
wel
l-m
aint
aine
d w
ill e
ncou
rage
use
of
the
trai
l bec
ause
it a
ppea
rs t
o be
car
ed f
or b
y th
e co
mm
unity
.
.A
ctio
n: F
und
a pr
ogra
m t
o co
ordi
nate
with
loca
l gro
ups
and
with
the
D.C
.Met
ropo
litan
Pol
ice
Dep
artm
ent
to d
evel
op a
“tr
ail-w
atch
” pr
ogra
m o
r us
e vo
lunt
eer
safe
ty p
atro
ls. E
nsur
e th
e be
auti-
ficat
ion
and
cont
inue
d m
aint
enan
ce o
f ac
cess
poi
nts
and
othe
r ar
eas
with
in t
he t
rail
corr
idor
. Coo
r-di
nate
with
loca
l com
mun
ity o
rgan
izat
ions
to
crea
te a
n “a
dopt
the
tra
il” p
rogr
am t
hat
enco
urag
es
diff
eren
t gr
oups
to
be r
espo
nsib
le f
or s
ectio
ns o
f th
e tr
ail’s
upk
eep.
Pos
sibl
e pa
rtne
rs in
clud
e:
The
Nor
th C
apita
lCol
labo
rativ
e —
Vol
unte
ers
from
thi
s pr
ogra
m c
an b
e or
gani
zed
at t
he
requ
est
of a
loca
l gov
ernm
ent
agen
cy (l
ike
DD
OT)
to
prov
ide
mai
nten
ance
ser
vice
s on
the
tr
ail.
DC
Par
ks a
nd R
ecre
atio
n —
Con
duct
out
reac
h to
loca
l com
mun
ity c
ente
rs t
hat
can
furt
her
enga
ge in
vol
unte
er p
rogr
ams
affil
iate
d w
ith D
C P
arks
and
Rec
reat
ion,
incl
udin
g Vo
lunt
eers
-inA
ctio
n an
d Ro
ving
Lea
der
Prog
ram
for
Tee
ns.
• Th
e Ed
gew
ood
Terr
ace
Apa
rtm
ents
, loc
ated
alo
ng t
he t
rail,
incl
udin
g ho
mes
for
a n
umbe
r of
eld
erly
res
iden
ts w
ho m
ay b
e in
tere
sted
in v
olun
teer
ing
for
trai
l pat
rols
.
$
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
22
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
23
Ex
plo
rin
g t
he
Fun
dam
enta
ls o
f U
sin
g T
rails
to
Pro
mo
te A
ctiv
e Li
vin
g
A g
row
ing
cons
ensu
s th
at t
he b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent
play
s a
larg
e ro
le in
the
hea
lth o
f co
mm
uniti
es is
em
ergi
ng
in t
he p
ublic
hea
lth a
nd u
rban
pla
nnin
g fie
lds.
As
obes
ity r
ates
con
tinue
to
clim
b, p
ublic
hea
lth p
rofe
ssio
nals
ha
ve b
egun
to
unra
vel t
he c
ompl
icat
ed f
eedb
ack
mec
hani
sm t
hat
links
our
aut
o-do
min
ated
land
scap
e to
hi
gh le
vels
of
inac
tivity
and
obe
sity
. W
hile
thi
s fe
edba
ck m
echa
nism
fro
m t
he e
nviro
nmen
t to
hea
lth is
not
fu
lly u
nder
stoo
d, r
esea
rche
rs h
ave
craf
ted
a st
rong
met
hodo
logy
for
beg
inni
ng t
o un
ders
tand
the
rel
atio
n-sh
ip. T
his
liter
atur
e re
view
exp
lore
s th
e ec
olog
ical
mod
el, t
he d
omin
ant
publ
ic h
ealth
too
l for
und
erst
andi
ng
the
rela
tions
hip
betw
een
the
built
env
ironm
ent
and
heal
th. T
he r
evie
w b
egin
s by
und
ersc
orin
g th
e ex
tent
of
the
publ
ic h
ealth
em
erge
ncy.
Thi
s is
fol
low
ed b
y a
brie
f su
mm
ary
of t
he e
colo
gica
l mod
el c
once
pt. T
his
im-
port
ant
mod
el h
elps
sho
w in
divi
dual
cha
ract
eris
tics,
soc
ial f
acto
rs, a
nd t
he p
hysi
cal e
nviro
nmen
t in
tera
ct.
A
furt
her
exam
inat
ion
of t
he r
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
the
built
env
ironm
ent
and
phys
ical
act
ivity
is in
trod
uced
in
orde
r to
off
er a
com
preh
ensi
ve s
umm
ary
of t
he b
urge
onin
g lit
erat
ure
from
the
hea
lth, u
rban
des
ign,
pla
n-ni
ng, a
nd r
ecre
atio
n re
late
d pr
ofes
sion
s. F
inal
ly, s
tudi
es e
mph
asiz
ing
the
conn
ectio
n be
twee
n tr
ail u
se a
nd
phys
ical
act
ivity
beh
avio
r ar
e hi
ghlig
hted
as
an e
xten
sion
of
the
disc
ussi
on o
n th
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t. B
est
prac
tices
ass
ocia
ted
with
util
izin
g tr
ails
to
prom
ote
heal
thy
lifes
tyle
s ar
e in
corp
orat
ed in
the
bro
ader
dis
cus-
sion
, con
clud
ing
with
tra
il-sp
ecifi
c re
sear
ch r
elat
ed t
o ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity
Exte
nt
of
the
Pro
ble
m
Ove
r th
e pa
st 2
0 ye
ars,
obe
sity
has
bec
ome
an im
port
ant
heal
th r
isk.
The
num
ber
of d
eath
s as
soci
ated
with
ob
esity
(app
rox.
300
,000
/yea
r) is
sec
ond
only
to
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s pe
r ye
ar r
elat
ed t
o sm
okin
g.
A n
a-tio
nal s
tudy
con
duct
ed b
y th
e C
ente
rs f
or D
isea
se C
ontr
ol (C
DC
) has
tra
cked
obe
sity
tre
nds
acro
ss t
he U
S si
nce
1985
, rep
ortin
g a
“dra
mat
ic in
crea
se in
obe
sity
” w
ith a
larm
ing
stat
istic
s th
at r
evea
l the
incr
ease
of
obe-
sity
rat
es a
t th
e st
ate
leve
l. A
ccor
ding
to
the
CD
C, i
n 20
05 “
…on
ly 4
sta
tes
had
obes
ity p
reva
lenc
e ra
tes
less
th
an 2
0 pe
rcen
t, w
hile
17
stat
es h
ad p
reva
lenc
e ra
tes
equa
l to
or g
reat
er t
han
25 p
erce
nt, w
ith 3
of
thos
e ha
ving
pre
vale
nce
equa
l to
or g
reat
er t
han
30 p
erce
nt (L
ouis
iana
, Mis
siss
ippi
, and
Wes
t V
irgin
ia).”
A d
ecad
e ea
rlier
, obe
sity
pre
vale
nce
in a
ll 50
sta
tes
was
less
tha
n 20
%.
In 1
999,
the
US
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
and
H
uman
Ser
vice
s re
port
ed t
hat
obes
ity a
ffec
ts o
ver
60%
of
adul
ts a
nd n
early
15%
of
child
ren
and
teen
ager
s in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
The
CD
C is
exp
licit
abou
t th
e ro
le o
f ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity in
com
batin
g th
e ob
esity
epi
-de
mic
: “O
verw
eigh
t an
d ob
esity
res
ult
from
an
ener
gy im
bala
nce.
Thi
s in
volv
es e
atin
g to
o m
any
calo
ries
and
not
gett
ing
enou
gh p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity”
(U.S
. Sur
geon
Gen
eral
’s C
all t
o A
ctio
n to
Pre
vent
and
Dec
reas
e O
ver-
wei
ght
and
Obe
sity
, 200
1).
LITE
RA
TUR
E R
EVIE
W
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
24
Mou
ntin
g ev
iden
ce s
ugge
sts
that
the
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
t af
fect
s he
alth
, par
ticul
arly
a p
erso
n’s
deci
sion
to
enga
ge in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
(Hum
pel,
2004
; K
ing
et a
l, 20
06; A
ddy
et a
l, 20
04; L
und,
200
3; W
ilson
et
al, 2
004;
Hoe
hner
et
al, 2
005)
. Pee
r re
view
ed jo
urna
ls f
rom
a w
ide
rang
e of
pro
fess
ions
ha
ve d
edic
ated
ent
ire is
sues
to
furt
her
supp
ort
the
built
env
ironm
ent-
heal
th c
onne
ctio
n. T
he A
mer
ican
Jou
rnal
of
Publ
ic H
ealth
(Sep
tem
ber
2003
), th
e A
mer
ican
Jou
rnal
of
Hea
lth P
rom
otio
n (S
ept.
-Oct
. 200
3) a
nd t
he A
mer
ican
Jou
rnal
of
Prev
entiv
e M
edic
ine
(Nov
embe
r 20
04; F
ebru
ary
2005
) pre
sent
ed
a la
rge
body
of
stud
ies
from
mul
ti-di
scip
linar
y he
alth
fie
lds,
whi
le a
gro
win
g bo
dy o
f re
crea
tion
rese
arch
exp
lore
s th
e ro
le o
f pa
rks
as c
ompo
nent
s of
th
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t th
at a
ffec
t he
alth
(Hen
ders
on, 2
005)
. La
ndsc
ape
and
plan
ning
pro
fess
iona
ls a
re a
lso
resp
ondi
ng t
o th
e to
pic
(Jac
kson
, 200
3).
Mos
t re
cent
ly, t
he J
ourn
al o
f th
e A
mer
ican
Pla
nnin
g A
ssoc
iatio
n de
vote
d an
ent
ire is
sue
to “
Plan
ning
’s R
ole
in B
uild
ing
Hea
lthy
Citi
es”
(Day
, 200
6).
Rece
nt e
ffor
ts b
y th
e C
ente
rs f
or D
isea
se C
ontr
ol a
nd P
reve
ntio
n (C
DC
) and
Act
ive
Livi
ng B
y D
esig
n (a
pro
gram
fun
ded
by t
he R
ober
t W
ood
John
son
Foun
datio
n) d
irect
att
entio
n to
how
the
phy
sica
l or
built
env
ironm
ent
affe
cts
the
abili
ty t
o be
phy
sica
lly a
ctiv
e, t
here
by a
ffec
ting
over
all h
ealth
. Se
ek-
ing
to in
trod
uce
rela
tiona
l con
cept
s ab
out
heal
th a
nd t
he e
nviro
nmen
t, A
ctiv
e Li
ving
By
Des
ign
prom
otes
the
inte
grat
ion
of p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity in
to d
aily
ro
utin
es (A
LBD
Res
earc
h, 2
004)
. Si
mila
rly, A
ctiv
e C
omm
unity
Env
ironm
ents
(AC
ES),
a C
DC
initi
ativ
e, w
orks
to
defin
e an
d ad
voca
te f
or p
lace
s w
here
pe
ople
of
all a
ges
can
part
icip
ate
in p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity.
By p
rom
otin
g po
licy
that
sup
port
s m
ixed
land
use
, str
eet
conn
ectiv
ity, a
nd t
he p
rese
nce
and
im-
prov
emen
t of
ped
estr
ian
and
bicy
cle
faci
litie
s, A
CES
hol
ds t
o th
e id
ea t
hat
com
mun
ity d
esig
n ca
n in
fluen
ce a
nd a
ffec
t co
mm
unity
hea
lth.
Thes
e ne
w in
itiat
ives
att
empt
to
dem
onst
rate
way
s in
whi
ch r
ecom
men
ded
leve
ls o
f ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity c
an b
e ac
hiev
ed in
eve
ryda
y ac
tiviti
es li
ke w
alki
ng.
For
the
purp
ose
of t
his
liter
atur
e re
view
, phy
sica
l act
ivity
is u
sed
to d
escr
ibe
wal
king
and
cyc
ling
for
a va
riety
of
purp
oses
(rec
reat
ion,
occ
upat
iona
l, tr
ansp
orta
tion)
. W
alki
ng is
a p
artic
ular
ly im
port
ant
com
pone
nt t
o “a
ctiv
e liv
ing”
sin
ce it
is t
he m
ost
acce
ssib
le f
orm
of
phys
ical
act
ivity
acr
oss
soci
o-ec
onom
ic g
roup
s an
d in
are
as t
hat
are
urba
n or
rur
al (H
ende
rson
, 200
5).
Usi
ng
th
e Ec
olo
gic
al M
od
el C
on
cep
t
“…hu
man
s ar
e de
pend
ent
on t
heir
envi
ronm
ent
to s
atis
fy n
eeds
and
des
ires.
In
thes
e ef
fort
s, h
uman
s tr
ansf
orm
the
ir en
viro
nmen
t, a
nd in
a f
eedb
ack
proc
ess
it, in
tur
n, t
rans
form
s th
em.”
(Sha
fer,
Lee
, and
Tur
ner,
200
0, p
. 165
) M
uch
of t
he e
mer
ging
res
earc
h as
sess
ing
the
activ
e liv
ing
phen
omen
on u
tiliz
es v
aria
tions
of
the
ecol
ogic
al m
odel
con
cept
as
a w
ay t
o ex
amin
e th
e in
divi
dual
, soc
ial,
and
envi
ronm
enta
l var
iabl
es t
hat
influ
ence
phy
sica
l act
ivity
leve
ls (G
obst
er, 2
005)
. T
his
com
preh
ensi
ve, m
ulti-
dim
ensi
onal
app
roac
h to
exp
lorin
g th
e re
latio
nshi
p of
var
iabl
es a
ffec
ting
phys
ical
act
ivity
hyp
othe
size
s th
at t
he c
ombi
natio
n of
fac
tors
will
bes
t ex
plai
n w
hy, h
ow, a
nd w
hen
peop
le c
hose
to
enga
ge in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
(Sae
lens
, Sal
lis, a
nd F
rank
, 200
3).
The
leve
ls o
f in
fluen
ce a
re r
arel
y in
depe
nden
t of
one
ano
ther
, and
ten
d to
be
stro
ngly
ass
ocia
ted.
For
exa
mpl
e, a
n in
divi
dual
leve
l fac
tor
like
soci
oeco
nom
ic s
tatu
s m
ay a
lso
be a
pre
dict
or f
or t
he p
rese
nce
or a
bsen
ce o
f ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity f
acili
ties
that
are
per
ceiv
ed a
s sa
fe a
nd a
cces
sibl
e (W
ilson
et
al, 2
004)
.
Alth
ough
the
re a
re s
ever
al v
aria
tions
of
the
ecol
ogic
al m
odel
(Eve
nson
et
al, 2
005;
Gob
ster
, 200
5; H
umpe
l et
al, 2
004)
, the
fun
dam
enta
l ide
a th
at
indi
vidu
al, s
ocia
l, an
d en
viro
nmen
tal c
onst
ruct
s sh
ould
be
ackn
owle
dged
as
inte
rcon
nect
ed v
aria
bles
influ
enci
ng p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity is
ess
entia
l to
unde
r-st
andi
ng t
he p
heno
men
on it
self.
A s
umm
ary
of t
he le
vels
and
sup
port
ing
liter
atur
e is
pre
sent
ed b
elow
, beg
inni
ng w
ith a
clo
ser
look
at
how
per
ceiv
ed
and
obje
ctiv
e in
divi
dual
and
soc
ial l
evel
fac
tors
aff
ect
phys
ical
act
ivity
, and
con
clud
ing
with
evi
denc
e th
at s
uppo
rts
the
stro
ng r
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
the
built
env
ironm
ent
and
activ
e liv
ing.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
25
Indi
vidu
al L
evel
Fac
tors
In
divi
dual
leve
l fac
tors
tha
t af
fect
phy
sica
l act
ivity
are
var
iabl
es r
elat
ed t
o a
pers
on s
uch
as g
ende
r, a
ge, s
ocio
econ
omic
sta
tus
(SES
), ra
ce, e
thni
city
, an
d pe
rson
al a
ttitu
des
and
perc
eptio
ns (A
lfonz
o, 2
005)
. Ex
istin
g st
udie
s fr
om t
he p
lann
ing
and
desi
gn f
ield
s ha
ve t
radi
tiona
lly c
onsi
dere
d in
divi
dual
le
vel c
hara
cter
istic
s as
con
trol
var
iabl
es (H
andy
, 199
6) r
athe
r th
an p
redi
ctor
s of
hea
lth r
elat
ed b
ehav
ior.
Rec
ent
rese
arch
, how
ever
, has
beg
un t
o pl
ace
grea
ter
emph
asis
on
unde
rsta
ndin
g th
e m
ore
dire
ct im
pact
of
thes
e in
divi
dual
leve
l fac
tors
as
dete
rmin
ant
varia
bles
of
phys
ical
act
ivity
leve
ls (D
ay,
2006
, Hum
pel e
t al
, 200
4, B
urro
ughs
, et
al, 2
006,
Kriz
ek e
t al
, 200
4).
The
way
tha
t pe
ople
per
ceiv
e an
d de
velo
p at
titud
es a
bout
phy
sica
l act
ivity
is o
ften
exa
min
ed in
con
junc
tion
with
the
soc
ial a
nd b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent.
O
ften
, per
sona
l att
itude
s an
d pe
rcep
tions
can
pla
y a
sign
ifica
nt r
ole
in d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
sche
mas
. Lu
nd (2
003)
fou
nd t
hat
pers
onal
att
itude
s an
d pe
r-ce
ptio
ns t
owar
d w
alki
ng w
ere
sign
ifica
nt a
nd s
omet
imes
mor
e im
port
ant
pred
icto
rs o
f ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity b
ehav
ior
than
obj
ectiv
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t va
ri-ab
les.
Pos
itive
per
cept
ions
of
neig
hbor
hood
aes
thet
ics
coup
led
with
the
rep
orte
d “e
ase
and
plea
sant
ness
of
one’
s ne
ighb
orho
od f
or w
alki
ng”
are
perc
eive
d en
viro
nmen
tal v
aria
bles
iden
tifie
d as
bei
ng p
ositi
vely
ass
ocia
ted
with
indi
vidu
als
who
rea
ch o
r ex
ceed
the
nat
iona
l rec
omm
enda
tion
for
phys
ical
act
ivity
(Kin
g, e
t al
, 200
6).
A p
rece
ding
stu
dy b
y H
umpe
l, O
wen
, and
Les
lie (2
004)
sug
gest
s a
link
betw
een
indi
vidu
al a
nd s
ocia
l lev
el v
ari-
able
s; t
he li
kelih
ood
of s
eein
g an
d sp
eaki
ng w
ith o
ther
s in
one
’s n
eigh
borh
ood
was
per
ceiv
ed a
s a
phys
ical
act
ivity
sup
port
er.
Whi
le o
ther
stu
dies
im
ply
that
env
ironm
enta
l cha
ract
eris
tics
like
prox
imity
to
faci
litie
s ar
e ne
cess
ary
for
recr
eatio
nal p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity, H
oehn
er e
t al
(200
5) f
ound
tha
t in
di-
vidu
al le
vel f
acto
rs a
nd o
ther
env
ironm
enta
l sup
port
s m
ust
be p
rese
nt b
efor
e ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity le
vels
thr
ough
rec
reat
ion
are
achi
eved
. Th
ere
are
seve
ral p
ract
ical
impl
icat
ions
tha
t ca
n be
ext
ract
ed f
rom
stu
dy f
indi
ngs.
Cur
rent
res
earc
h ef
fort
s ac
coun
t fo
r in
divi
dual
leve
l fac
tors
like
gen
-de
r, S
ES, r
ace/
ethn
icity
whe
n ex
amin
ing
appr
oach
es t
o ad
voca
ting
for
phys
ical
act
ivity
. D
ay (2
006)
pro
pose
s “c
ultu
rally
com
pone
nt”
plan
ning
as
a w
ay t
o fu
lly e
ngag
e co
mm
uniti
es b
ased
on
thei
r po
pula
tion
mak
eup.
Her
ana
lysi
s sh
ows
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f vi
ewin
g in
divi
dual
leve
l cha
ract
eris
tics
as
they
com
pose
soc
ial l
evel
con
stru
cts;
str
ateg
ies
for
prom
otin
g ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity in
und
erse
rved
pop
ulat
ions
mig
ht in
clud
e pr
ovid
ing
mor
e fa
cilit
ies
and
crea
ting
polic
y th
at c
ould
acc
omm
odat
e w
alki
ng a
s a
mod
e of
tra
nspo
rtat
ion
for
esse
ntia
l act
iviti
es li
ke g
roce
ry s
hopp
ing
(Day
, 200
6).
Dat
a fr
om a
st
udy
expl
orin
g pe
rcep
tions
of
acce
ssib
le a
nd s
afe
phys
ical
act
ivity
as
rela
ted
to S
ES r
epor
ts t
hat
low
-SES
par
ticip
ants
exp
erie
nced
an
incr
ease
in p
hysi
-ca
l act
ivity
whe
n fa
cilit
ies
like
trai
ls w
ere
avai
labl
e (D
oyle
et
al, 2
006)
. Th
is f
indi
ng le
d to
rec
omm
enda
tions
of
incr
easi
ng a
war
enes
s of
tra
il fa
cilit
ies
in
unde
rser
ved
popu
latio
ns a
s an
impo
rtan
t st
rate
gy f
or c
omm
unity
-bas
ed p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity in
terv
entio
ns.
The
afor
emen
tione
d st
udie
s do
not
exa
min
e in
divi
dual
leve
l var
iabl
es in
isol
atio
n. R
athe
r, t
hey
build
sup
port
for
the
inte
rrel
ated
nat
ure
of in
divi
dual
, so
cial
, and
env
ironm
enta
l lev
el f
acto
rs t
hat
faci
litat
e or
act
as
barr
iers
to
phys
ical
act
ivity
.
Soci
al L
evel
Fac
tors
To
a la
rge
exte
nt, i
ndiv
idua
l lev
el f
acto
rs li
ke a
ttitu
des
and
perc
eptio
ns a
re s
hape
d by
the
soc
ial a
nd p
hysi
cal e
nviro
nmen
ts.
Soci
al s
uppo
rt s
yste
ms,
pe
rcep
tions
of
neig
hbor
s, a
nd s
afet
y as
it r
elat
es t
o cr
ime
have
all
been
exp
lore
d as
soc
ial d
eter
min
ants
of
phys
ical
act
ivity
rat
es (C
DC
, 200
2; A
ddy
et
al, 2
004;
Hum
pel e
t al
, 200
4; S
aele
ns e
t al
, 200
3).
Alth
ough
sev
eral
stu
dies
exa
min
e th
e so
cial
com
pone
nt in
con
junc
tion
with
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
t va
ri-ab
les,
fin
ding
s pr
ovid
e su
gges
tions
spe
cific
to
the
soci
al r
ealm
.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
26
In 2
002,
the
CD
C c
ompi
led
a Ph
ysic
al A
ctiv
ity E
valu
atio
n H
andb
ook
incl
udin
g ca
se s
tudi
es t
hat
high
light
bes
t pr
actic
es f
or m
easu
ring
com
mun
ity
phys
ical
act
ivity
leve
ls.
One
fea
ture
d pr
ogra
m w
as d
esig
ned
to “
crea
te o
r en
hanc
e ac
cess
to
plac
es f
or p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity [t
hrou
gh] i
nfor
mat
iona
l out
-re
ach
activ
ities
” (p
. 64)
. Th
e Ta
ke O
ur T
rail
cam
paig
n be
cam
e an
end
eavo
r to
info
rm a
nd e
duca
te t
he p
ublic
abo
ut h
ealth
issu
es r
elat
ed t
o ob
esity
an
d re
late
d ch
roni
c di
seas
es a
nd in
crea
se p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity a
mon
g co
mm
unity
mem
bers
. In
ord
er t
o ac
hiev
e th
is a
mbi
tious
goa
l, or
gani
zers
pla
nned
co
mm
unity
-wid
e w
alki
ng e
vent
s, u
sed
a va
riety
of
med
ia o
utle
ts t
o in
crea
se a
war
enes
s of
a c
omm
unity
tra
il th
at c
ould
be
used
for
phy
sica
l act
ivity
, an
d en
hanc
ed t
rail
faci
litie
s.
Usi
ng a
con
trol
com
mun
ity f
or c
ompa
rison
, res
earc
hers
fou
nd a
n in
crea
se in
tra
il us
e as
a r
esul
t of
the
ir ca
mpa
ign.
Wal
king
clu
bs (s
ocia
l sup
port
sys
-te
ms)
for
med
dur
ing
the
cam
paig
n co
ntrib
uted
to
an in
crea
sed
of t
rail
use.
In
fact
, tra
il us
e in
crea
sed
sign
ifica
ntly
on
Sund
ay a
fter
noon
and
Wed
nes-
day
even
ings
thr
ough
the
for
mat
ion
of c
hurc
h-ba
sed
wal
king
clu
bs.
Part
icip
ants
in t
he T
ake
our
Trai
l cam
paig
n co
mm
unity
als
o re
port
ed a
gre
ater
se
nse
of s
afet
y on
the
tra
il th
an t
hose
in t
he c
ontr
ol c
omm
unity
, lar
gely
due
to
new
ligh
ting
on t
he t
rail,
pol
ice
patr
ols,
and
the
exi
sten
ce o
f w
alki
ng
club
s. T
he c
ampa
ign
and
cont
rol c
omm
uniti
es w
ere
surv
eyed
one
yea
r af
ter
the
cam
paig
n to
ass
ess
phys
ical
act
ivity
leve
ls.
Com
pare
d to
the
con
trol
co
mm
unity
, the
Tak
e O
ur T
rail
com
mun
ity r
epor
ted
a hi
gher
incr
ease
in t
he n
umbe
r of
per
sons
mee
ting
reco
mm
ende
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity le
vels
, sug
-ge
stin
g th
at s
ocia
l out
reac
h, c
oupl
ed w
ith f
acili
ty im
prov
emen
ts, m
ay b
e ef
fect
ive
mea
ns o
f in
crea
sing
phy
sica
l act
ivity
on
a m
ulti-
use
trai
l.
One
ele
men
t of
the
Tak
e O
ur T
rail
Cam
paig
n in
volv
ed t
he u
se o
f m
edia
to
targ
et h
ealth
beh
avio
r re
late
d to
phy
sica
l act
ivity
. Bo
rrow
ing
from
the
prin
-ci
ples
of
com
mer
cial
mar
ketin
g, s
ocia
l mar
ketin
g st
rate
gies
inco
rpor
ate
the
use
of m
edia
to
prom
ote
bene
ficia
l hea
lth b
ehav
iors
(Bur
roug
hs e
t al
, 20
06; S
allis
et
al, 1
998)
. U
sing
foc
us g
roup
s in
the
con
sum
er r
esea
rch
phas
e of
a s
ocia
l mar
ketin
g ca
mpa
ign
was
a k
ey c
ompo
nent
of
unde
rsta
ndin
g th
e ta
rget
aud
ienc
e in
a s
tudy
con
duct
ed b
y Bu
rrou
ghs
et a
l (20
06).
Foc
us g
roup
s re
com
men
ded
usin
g pr
omot
iona
l too
ls li
ke w
alki
ng g
roup
s, p
e-do
met
ers,
and
aw
ard
ince
ntiv
es li
ke w
alki
ng s
hoes
and
app
arel
as
a w
ay t
o in
crea
se p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity le
vels
. Th
e co
nnec
tion
betw
een
indi
vidu
al a
nd s
ocia
l lev
el f
acto
rs is
fur
ther
exp
lore
d in
stu
dies
tha
t re
port
hig
her
rate
s of
wal
king
occ
urrin
g am
ong
indi
vidu
-al
s w
ho p
erce
ive
thei
r ne
ighb
ors
as b
eing
phy
sica
lly a
ctiv
e (A
ddy
et a
l, 20
04).
The
abi
lity
to h
ave
posi
tive
inte
ract
ion
with
oth
er p
eopl
e w
hile
wal
king
w
as p
revi
ousl
y m
entio
ned
as a
ffec
ting
phys
ical
act
ivity
leve
ls (H
umpe
l et
al, 2
004)
. C
onve
rsel
y, t
he p
erce
ptio
n of
crim
e-re
late
d sa
fety
is a
n in
divi
dual
/so
cial
leve
l fac
tor
cons
ider
ed t
o be
a v
aria
ble
affe
ctin
g ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity (D
ay, 2
006;
Wils
on e
t al
, 200
4; D
oyle
et
al, 2
006)
. Fo
cusi
ng o
n ur
ban
area
s,
Doy
le e
t al
(200
6) e
xam
ines
the
rel
atio
nshi
p be
twee
n w
alka
ble,
saf
e en
viro
nmen
ts a
nd in
dica
tors
of
heal
th.
Rese
arch
ers
foun
d th
at p
artic
ipan
ts in
ar
eas
with
hig
her
crim
e ra
tes
wal
ked
less
oft
en, w
ith c
rime-
rela
ted
safe
ty m
ore
aver
sely
aff
ectin
g w
alki
ng r
ates
am
ong
wom
en t
han
men
. Th
e st
udy’
s fin
ding
s al
so in
dica
te t
hat
soci
al s
uppo
rt a
lso
influ
ence
s ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity, a
nd t
hat
plan
ners
sho
uld
cons
ider
ele
men
ts o
f w
alka
bilit
y an
d sa
fety
in c
om-
mun
ity d
esig
ns in
ord
er t
o pr
omot
e ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity.
O
bser
ving
sim
ilar
fact
ors
of a
cces
s an
d sa
fety
as
influ
entia
l phy
sica
l act
ivity
det
erm
inan
ts, W
ilson
et
al (2
004)
exa
min
ed t
he d
iffer
ence
bet
wee
n lo
w
and
high
SES
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds.
Usi
ng G
IS, r
esea
rche
rs m
easu
red
for
obje
ctiv
e en
viro
nmen
tal f
acto
rs li
ke p
roxi
mity
and
con
nect
ivity
and
fou
nd t
hat
par-
ticip
ants
in lo
w S
ES a
reas
per
ceiv
ed h
avin
g le
ss a
cces
s to
saf
e en
viro
nmen
ts f
or p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity t
han
thos
e in
hig
her
SES
area
s, e
ven
thou
gh t
he o
bjec
-tiv
e da
ta d
id n
ot s
uppo
rt t
he p
erce
ived
diff
eren
ces.
How
ever
, res
pond
ents
in lo
w S
ES n
eigh
borh
oods
did
not
per
ceiv
e sa
fety
as
a ba
rrie
r to
usi
ng lo
cal
trai
ls, l
eadi
ng r
esea
rche
rs t
o co
nclu
de t
hat
usin
g so
cial
sup
port
sys
tem
s an
d ou
trea
ch t
o in
crea
se t
he a
war
enes
s of
wal
king
pat
hs a
nd t
rails
am
ong
unde
rser
ved
popu
latio
ns m
ay b
e an
impo
rtan
t st
rate
gy f
or f
utur
e co
mm
unity
-bas
ed p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity in
terv
entio
ns (W
ilson
et
al, 2
004,
pg.
26)
Thi
s is
an
exa
mpl
e of
how
indi
vidu
al le
vel f
acto
rs li
ke p
erce
ptio
ns m
ay b
e in
fluen
ced
by s
ocia
l lev
el f
acto
rs t
hat
rein
forc
e an
d pr
omot
e th
e ex
iste
nce
of e
nvi-
ronm
enta
l sup
port
s fo
r ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
27
The
Built
Env
ironm
ent
Mou
ntin
g ev
iden
ce s
ugge
sts
that
the
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
t af
fect
s he
alth
, par
ticul
arly
a p
erso
n’s
deci
sion
to
enga
ge in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
(Hum
pel,
2004
; K
ing
et a
l, 20
06; A
ddy
et a
l, 20
04; L
und,
200
3; W
ilson
et
al, 2
004;
Hoe
hner
et
al, 2
005)
. If
the
built
env
ironm
ent
is li
nked
to
heal
th, w
hat
elem
ents
pr
ovid
e fo
r a
wel
l des
igne
d an
d pl
anne
d in
fras
truc
ture
? W
hat
attr
ibut
es o
f th
e ph
ysic
al e
nviro
nmen
t m
akes
phy
sica
l act
ivity
pro
hibi
tive,
and
wha
t ch
arac
teris
tics
mak
e a
plac
e su
ppor
tive
of a
ctiv
e liv
ing?
Suc
h qu
estio
ns a
re a
ddre
ssed
in t
he c
onte
xt o
f ex
amin
ing
phys
ical
act
iviti
es li
ke w
alki
ng a
nd
cycl
ing
that
are
typ
ical
ly a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith t
rail
use.
W
hat
mak
es f
or ‘g
ood’
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
ts?
The
ecol
ogic
al f
ram
ewor
k is
an
exce
llent
con
cept
ual m
odel
tha
t ill
ustr
ates
the
com
plex
and
dyn
amic
var
iabl
es a
ffec
ting
phys
ical
act
ivity
beh
avio
r. R
e-al
izin
g th
at a
per
son’
s ch
oice
to
enga
ge in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
ste
ms
from
a p
leth
ora
of d
eter
min
ing
fact
ors
lead
s to
a b
ette
r un
ders
tand
ing
of t
he d
eci-
sion
-mak
ing
proc
ess.
In
her
stud
y on
the
det
erm
inan
ts o
f w
alki
ng n
eeds
, Alfo
nzo
(200
5) b
egin
s by
des
crib
ing
decl
inin
g w
alki
ng r
ates
as
affe
ctin
g qu
ality
of
life.
She
pos
ition
s a
plac
e’s
‘wal
kabl
iity’
as
a ke
y qu
ality
of
life
dete
rmin
ant,
con
trib
utin
g to
“se
nse
of p
lace
.” I
f ev
iden
ce s
ugge
sts
that
the
bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t af
fect
s he
alth
and
oth
er q
ualit
y of
life
fac
tors
, wha
t ar
e th
e be
st p
ract
ices
ass
ocia
ted
with
cre
atin
g or
rec
onst
ruct
ing
a bu
ilt e
nviro
n-m
ent
that
sup
port
s w
alki
ng a
nd c
yclin
g fo
r re
crea
tion
or t
rans
port
atio
n? T
he g
row
ing
tran
s-di
scip
linar
y fie
ld o
f ac
tive
livin
g re
sear
ch is
foc
used
on
answ
erin
g th
at e
min
ent
ques
tion
by c
ritic
ally
exa
min
ing
how
all
elem
ents
of
the
built
env
ironm
ent
– in
clud
ing
neig
hbor
hood
s, t
rans
port
atio
n sy
stem
s,
build
ings
, par
ks, a
nd o
pen
spac
e –
can
prom
ote
bett
er h
ealth
thr
ough
phy
sica
l act
ivity
. W
hile
rec
ent
tren
ds h
ave
push
ed r
esea
rche
rs t
o ex
amin
e th
e co
nnec
tion
betw
een
the
built
env
ironm
ent
and
heal
th, t
hink
ing
criti
cally
abo
ut t
he w
ay
plan
ning
and
des
ign
affe
cts
our
lives
is n
ot a
new
phe
nom
enon
. Fr
umki
n (2
003)
exp
lain
s th
at p
revi
ous
evid
ence
of
“goo
d pl
aces
” ar
e w
ide
rang
ing,
in
clud
ing
nota
ble
rese
arch
fro
m J
acob
s (1
961)
and
Why
te (1
980)
who
com
pile
d qu
alita
tive
obse
rvat
ions
abo
ut p
atte
rns
in t
he b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent
that
se
emed
to
func
tion
part
icul
arly
wel
l. T
hese
obs
erva
tions
led
to m
ore
empi
rical
stu
dies
tha
t be
gan
to c
ritic
ally
exa
min
e de
sign
and
pla
nnin
g co
ncep
ts
like
land
use
, acc
essi
bilit
y, a
nd c
onne
ctiv
ity in
the
con
text
of
thei
r re
latio
nshi
p to
oth
er q
ualit
y of
life
fac
tors
like
hea
lth.
In t
he la
tter
par
t of
the
tw
en-
tieth
cen
tury
, con
cept
ual p
rinci
ples
for
med
und
er t
he a
uspi
ces
of id
eolo
gies
like
New
Urb
anis
m a
nd S
mar
t G
row
th.
Adv
ocat
ing
for
desi
gn, p
lann
ing,
an
d po
licy
guid
elin
es t
hat
enha
nce
qual
ity o
f lif
e an
d bu
ild s
tron
ger
com
mun
ities
, Sm
art
Gro
wth
is f
ound
ed o
n pr
inci
ples
ref
lect
ing
a ne
ed t
o de
velo
p in
fras
truc
ture
tha
t ac
com
mod
ates
non
-mot
oriz
ed t
rans
port
atio
n an
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity.
Cor
e pr
inci
ples
enc
oura
ge:
Wal
kabl
e N
eigh
borh
oods
A
Mix
of
Land
Use
s A
Var
iety
of
Tran
spor
tatio
n C
hoic
es
New
Urb
anis
m a
dvoc
ates
a s
imila
r id
eolo
gy, a
nd is
a s
tron
g pr
opon
ent
of t
radi
tiona
l nei
ghbo
rhoo
d de
sign
tha
t is
com
pact
, cle
arly
def
ined
, div
erse
, an
d de
nse
(Con
gres
s fo
r th
e N
ew U
rban
ism
, 199
8).
Prin
cipl
es a
nd c
once
pts
of S
mar
t G
row
th a
nd N
ew U
rban
ism
are
fou
nded
on
clai
ms
that
qua
lity
of li
fe w
ithin
a c
omm
unity
is b
ased
larg
ely
on “
how
peo
ple
will
inte
ract
and
res
pond
to
thei
r ne
ighb
orho
od e
nviro
nmen
t” (L
und,
200
4).
A g
reat
dea
l of
rese
arch
lend
s su
ppor
t to
sm
art
grow
th p
rinci
ples
, and
is b
egin
ning
to
effe
ctiv
ely
dem
onst
rate
the
link
bet
wee
n bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t an
d he
alth
. W
ith r
egar
d to
tra
nspo
rtat
ion-
base
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity, p
roxi
mity
and
con
nect
ivity
are
con
side
red
the
two
mos
t fu
ndam
enta
l fac
tors
influ
enci
ng
the
choi
ce o
f m
otor
ized
or
non-
mot
oriz
ed t
rans
port
(Sae
lens
et
al, 2
003)
. A
rec
ent
stud
y of
urb
an a
dults
con
clud
ed t
hat
heal
th b
enef
its m
ay o
ccur
in
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
28
com
mun
ities
whe
re n
onre
side
ntia
l des
tinat
ions
are
with
in w
alki
ng d
ista
nce
of h
omes
, con
sist
ent
with
oth
er s
tudi
es t
hat
emph
asiz
e th
e im
port
ance
of
prox
imity
, (H
oehn
er e
t al
, 200
5, p
. 114
). E
choi
ng t
hese
cla
ims,
Kin
g et
al (
2006
) fou
nd t
hat
rese
arch
par
ticip
ants
leas
t lik
ely
to m
eet
reco
mm
ende
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity le
vels
live
d in
com
mun
ities
whe
re r
etai
l am
eniti
es a
re n
ot p
roxi
mal
and
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d ae
sthe
tics
are
poor
. Th
e U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
also
put
s em
phas
is o
n de
sign
and
pre
senc
e of
am
eniti
es a
s fa
ctor
s th
at a
ffec
t a
pers
on’s
abi
lity
to r
each
rec
omm
ende
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity le
vels
(200
0).
Prox
imity
to
nonr
esid
entia
l des
tinat
ion
and
amen
ities
is r
ecog
nize
d as
one
of
the
mos
t ba
sic
com
pone
nts
of a
cces
sibi
lity
and
shou
ld b
e a
prim
ary
cons
ider
atio
n in
com
mun
ity p
lann
ing
and
desi
gn (A
lfonz
o, 2
005)
.
Pe
rcep
tions
of
the
built
env
ironm
ent
are
attr
ibut
es o
f in
tera
ctio
n an
d re
spon
se t
hat
may
als
o co
ntrib
ute
to p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity le
vels
(Kin
g et
al,
2006
).
Usi
ng a
wal
kabi
lity
scal
e to
ass
ess
envi
ronm
enta
l fac
tors
like
land
use
mix
, nei
ghbo
rhoo
d ae
sthe
tics,
acc
ess
to r
etai
l, st
reet
con
nect
ivity
, and
ped
es-
tria
n/bi
cycl
e fa
cilit
ies,
one
stu
dy f
ound
tha
t pa
rtic
ipan
ts w
ho w
ere
mos
t lik
ely
to m
eet
reco
mm
ende
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity le
vels
wer
e th
ose
that
had
a
posi
tive
perc
eptio
n of
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d ae
sthe
tics,
and
fel
t th
at t
here
was
an
“eas
e an
d pl
easa
ntne
ss”
rela
ted
to w
alki
ng; p
artic
ipan
ts le
ast
likel
y to
mee
t ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity r
ecom
men
datio
ns h
ad le
ss f
avor
able
per
cept
ions
of
neig
hbor
hood
aes
thet
ics
and
felt
that
wal
king
dis
tanc
e to
ret
ail a
nd r
esta
uran
t am
eniti
es w
as t
oo g
reat
(Kin
g et
al,
2006
). A
noth
er s
tudy
fou
nd t
hat
perc
eptio
ns o
f en
viro
nmen
tal s
uppo
rts
wer
e as
soci
ated
with
phy
sica
l act
ivity
an
d w
alki
ng b
ehav
ior,
with
fac
tors
like
pro
xim
ity t
o ne
eds-
base
d lo
catio
ns, a
dequ
ate
light
ing,
and
pre
senc
e of
fac
ilitie
s fo
r ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity r
ecog
nize
d as
key
var
iabl
es t
o cr
eatin
g a
wal
kabl
e en
viro
nmen
t (A
ddy
et a
l, 20
04).
In
her
crit
ique
of
fact
ors
that
pot
entia
lly s
uppo
rt w
alki
ng, A
lfonz
o (2
005)
pro
duce
s a
conc
eptu
al “
need
s-ba
sed”
hie
rarc
hy t
o or
gani
ze r
elev
ant
indi
vid-
ual a
nd b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent
feat
ures
. W
hile
the
mos
t fu
ndam
enta
l nee
d is
fea
sibi
lity
(an
indi
vidu
al le
vel f
acto
r), t
he r
emai
ning
fou
r ne
eds
– ac
cess
ibili
ty,
safe
ty, c
omfo
rt, a
nd p
leas
urab
ility
– a
re f
acto
rs in
here
nt t
o th
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t. A
lfonz
o us
es a
cro
ss-s
ectio
n of
exi
stin
g lit
erat
ure
to s
uppo
rt t
he
hier
arch
y of
wal
king
nee
ds a
nd a
sser
ts t
hat
the
mos
t fu
ndam
enta
l nee
ds, l
ike
acce
ssib
ility
and
saf
ety,
mus
t be
met
bef
ore
tert
iary
nee
ds li
ke c
omfo
rt
and
plea
sura
bilit
y ar
e co
nsid
erat
ions
in t
he d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
proc
ess.
Ba
sed
on A
lfonz
o’s
hier
arch
y of
wal
king
nee
ds, D
ay (2
006)
exa
min
es u
nder
serv
ed c
omm
uniti
es, h
ighl
ight
ing
the
follo
win
g fo
ur f
unda
men
tal f
eatu
res
that
may
sup
port
phy
sica
l act
ivity
in u
rban
env
ironm
ents
: Sa
fety
fro
m t
raff
ic (C
omfo
rt)
Perc
eive
d Sa
fety
fro
m C
rime
(Saf
ety)
N
earb
y Jo
bs a
nd o
ther
des
tinat
ions
for
res
iden
ts (A
cces
sibi
lity)
Pr
ovis
ion
of P
arks
and
Rec
reat
iona
l Fac
ilitie
s (P
leas
urab
ility
) D
ay r
ecog
nize
s a
gap
in a
ctiv
e liv
ing
rese
arch
and
str
ateg
ies
as b
eing
prim
arily
foc
used
on
the
indi
vidu
al.
In u
nder
serv
ed a
reas
, act
ive
livin
g pr
inci
ples
m
ay b
e be
st r
ecei
ved
thro
ugh
a fo
cus
on c
omm
unity
. U
sing
res
ourc
es t
o pr
ovid
e co
mm
unity
out
reac
h an
d ad
dres
s th
e m
ost
fund
amen
tal n
eeds
firs
t w
ill g
ive
the
activ
e liv
ing
mov
emen
t a
plat
form
in t
radi
tiona
lly o
verlo
oked
com
mun
ities
. Sh
e ex
plai
ns t
hat
“the
act
ive
livin
g m
ovem
ent
coul
d ha
rnes
s its
con
side
rabl
e po
litic
al a
nd m
edia
pow
er t
o br
ing
atte
ntio
n to
the
pro
blem
s fa
cing
poo
r, u
rban
com
mun
ities
…”
and
goes
on
to s
ugge
st t
hat:
…de
sign
and
pla
nnin
g so
lutio
ns t
o su
ppor
t ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity w
ill r
equi
re e
xtra
cre
ativ
ity a
nd r
esou
rce
fulln
ess…
New
re
sour
ces
to in
crea
se p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity w
ill n
ot b
e ea
sy t
o id
entif
y. T
he b
est
will
str
etch
lim
ited
reso
urce
s an
d w
ill
addr
ess
mul
tiple
nee
ds a
t on
ce. (
Day
, 200
6, p
.95)
. In
deed
, add
ress
ing
mul
tiple
nee
ds is
vita
l to
the
plan
ning
and
des
ign
of b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent
varia
bles
like
ped
estr
ian
and
bicy
cle
faci
litie
s. C
onsi
dera
-tio
ns f
or s
uch
faci
litie
s sh
ould
be
plac
ed w
ithin
a s
ocio
-eco
logi
cal m
odel
to
fully
und
erst
and
the
inte
rpla
y of
fac
tors
tha
t in
fluen
ce a
per
son’
s de
cisi
on
to w
alk
whi
le a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r ba
sic
need
s lik
e ac
cess
ibili
ty a
nd s
afet
y be
fore
oth
er e
ffor
ts a
re u
nder
take
n to
impr
ove
high
er-le
vel f
acili
ty a
men
ities
(A
lfonz
o, 2
005)
.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
29
Cur
rent
ly, t
here
is li
ttle
con
clus
ive
evid
ence
to
prov
ide
a ca
usal
rel
atio
nshi
p be
twee
n th
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t an
d he
alth
. H
owev
er, t
he s
hift
in f
ocus
an
d at
tent
ion
to t
hese
issu
es b
y su
ch a
larg
e, d
iver
se c
onst
ituen
cy s
ugge
sts
that
the
re is
rea
l nee
d to
con
side
r ho
w t
he b
uilt
envi
ronm
ents
aff
ects
he
alth
and
to
mov
e fo
rwar
d w
ith r
esea
rch
effo
rts
that
may
eve
ntua
lly p
rovi
de d
efin
itive
ans
wer
s an
d re
al s
olut
ions
. Th
e Tr
ail-
Hea
lth
Co
nn
ecti
on
A
cor
e pr
inci
ple
of A
ctiv
e Li
ving
By
Des
ign
is t
hat
ever
yone
sho
uld
have
“sa
fe, c
onve
nien
t, a
nd a
ffor
dabl
e pl
aces
for
phy
sica
l act
iv-
ity”
(ww
w.a
ctiv
eliv
ingb
ydes
ign.
org,
acc
esse
d 20
06).
Tra
ils a
re a
t th
e fo
refr
ont
of t
he a
ctiv
e liv
ing
mov
emen
t, p
rom
oted
by
the
Cen
ter
for
Dis
ease
C
ontr
ol a
nd P
reve
ntio
n as
pla
ces
that
pro
vide
“ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity f
or e
very
one”
. Sin
ce m
ost
mul
ti-us
e tr
ails
are
fre
e to
the
pub
lic, t
hey
solv
e th
e “a
ffor
dabi
lity”
par
t of
the
equ
atio
n. S
ince
mul
ti-us
e tr
ails
are
spe
cific
ped
estr
ian
and
bicy
cle
amen
ities
use
d fo
r bo
th r
ecre
atio
n an
d tr
ansp
orta
tion,
m
akin
g th
em s
afe
and
conv
enie
nt (o
r ac
cess
ible
) bec
omes
the
res
pons
ibili
ty o
f co
mm
unity
lead
ers,
pla
nner
s, a
nd t
rail
man
ager
s.
C
omm
uniti
es a
re s
pend
ing
mor
e tim
e an
d re
sour
ces
on t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of m
ulti-
use
trai
ls in
ligh
t of
cur
rent
res
earc
h th
at r
epor
ts t
he p
rese
nce
of
and
prox
imity
to
mul
ti-us
e tr
ails
as
fact
ors
of t
he b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent
that
may
influ
ence
phy
sica
l act
ivity
beh
avio
r (T
rope
d et
al,
2005
; Sae
lens
et
al,
2003
). C
omm
uniti
es, g
over
nmen
t ag
enci
es, a
nd p
rivat
e or
gani
zatio
ns a
re a
dvoc
atin
g th
e be
nefit
s of
tra
ils a
nd p
rom
otin
g po
licy
that
pro
vide
s m
ore
fund
ing
for
non-
mot
oriz
ed a
men
ities
like
tra
ils.
The
Nat
iona
l Par
k Se
rvic
e Ri
vers
, Tra
ils a
nd C
onse
rvat
ion
Ass
ista
nce
Prog
ram
(RTC
A) p
rom
otes
mul
ti-us
e tr
ails
as
“Pat
hway
s to
Hea
lth,”
a p
art
of t
heir
activ
e liv
ing
initi
ativ
e (w
ww
.nps
.gov
/rtc
a/, a
cces
sed
2006
). R
TCA
pro
pose
s th
e bu
ildin
g of
tra
ils f
or
tran
spor
tatio
n in
ord
er t
o co
nnec
t de
stin
atio
ns li
ke w
ork,
sch
ool,
reta
il, a
nd c
omm
unity
cen
ters
and
the
n lin
k to
tra
nsit
serv
ices
. M
edic
al o
rgan
iza-
tions
like
Phy
sici
ans
for
Soci
al R
espo
nsib
ility
pro
mot
e an
d ad
voca
te f
or t
rails
; the
mos
t cu
rren
t En
viro
nmen
tal H
ealth
Brie
fing
book
issu
ed b
y th
e gr
oup
calls
for
pol
icy
that
“…
mak
e[s]
Am
eric
an t
rans
port
atio
n an
d la
nd u
se h
ealth
ier
and
bett
er f
or o
ur e
nviro
nmen
t,”
expl
icitl
y ca
lling
for
“ba
lanc
ed t
rans
-po
rtat
ion
fund
ing
[tha
t pl
aces
] gre
ater
em
phas
is o
n pu
blic
tra
nspo
rtat
ion
and
nonm
otiri
zed
trav
el (s
uch
as b
y si
dew
alks
and
mul
ti-us
e tr
ails
)” (B
erlic
k et
al,
2006
, p. 3
0).
Act
ive
Livi
ng B
y D
esig
n pr
omot
es t
rail
deve
lopm
ent
and
sugg
ests
bes
t pr
actic
es f
or t
rail
desi
gn a
nd lo
catio
n, c
laim
ing
that
par
ks,
gree
n sp
ace,
and
tra
ils “
shou
ld b
e sa
fe, a
cces
sibl
e an
d a
part
of
a tr
ansp
orta
tion
netw
ork
that
con
nect
s de
stin
atio
ns o
f in
tere
st, s
uch
as h
ousi
ng,
wor
ksite
s, s
choo
ls, c
omm
unity
ser
vice
s an
d ot
her
plac
es w
ith h
igh
popu
latio
n de
nsity
” (A
ctiv
e Li
ving
Res
ourc
e C
ente
r).
Tr
ail s
peci
fic r
esea
rch
has
emer
ged
in t
he p
ast
deca
de a
s m
ulti-
use
trai
ls a
re b
eing
rec
ogni
zed
as v
ital c
omm
unity
ass
ets.
Pro
xim
ity a
nd s
afe
acce
ss
was
fou
nd t
o in
fluen
ce n
ew e
xerc
iser
s m
ore
than
hab
itual
exe
rcis
ers
who
use
d a
com
mun
ity t
rail;
new
exe
rcis
ers
wer
e le
ss li
kely
to
use
the
trai
l due
to
thes
e ba
rrie
rs (G
ordo
n, 2
004)
. En
viro
nmen
tal b
arrie
rs r
epor
ted
to a
ffec
t th
e us
e of
a c
omm
unity
rai
l-tra
il in
clud
ed t
rave
l dis
tanc
e (p
roxi
mity
) and
hill
y te
rrai
n –
effe
ctiv
e pr
omot
ion
of t
rail
use
need
s to
con
side
r th
ese
varia
bles
(Tro
ped
et a
l, 20
01).
In c
ompa
ring
rail-
trai
l use
rs a
nd n
onus
ers
amon
g m
en
and
wom
en, o
ne s
tudy
fou
nd t
hat
trai
l use
rs a
re m
ore
phys
ical
ly a
ctiv
e th
an n
on-u
sers
, and
tha
t co
nsid
erin
g ge
nder
diff
eren
ces
in t
rail
use
is im
por-
tant
in t
he d
esig
n an
d pr
omot
ion
of t
rails
(Tro
ped,
et
al, 2
005)
. O
ther
env
ironm
enta
l bar
riers
to
trai
l use
als
o in
clud
ed p
roxi
mity
, tra
il co
nditi
ons
in-
clud
ing
crow
ding
and
spe
ed o
f bi
cycl
ists
/in-li
ne s
kate
rs, a
nd s
afet
y co
ncer
ns o
n is
olat
ed a
reas
of
the
trai
l. T
rope
d, S
aund
ers,
and
Pat
e (2
005)
go
on t
o re
affir
m t
he im
port
ance
of
conn
ectiv
ity:
…tw
o-th
irds
of a
ll tr
ail u
sers
rep
orte
d w
alki
ng a
s a
mod
e of
tra
vel t
o th
e tr
ail.
Fur
ther
res
earc
h sh
ould
not
onl
y co
n-si
der
indi
vidu
al u
sers
’ cha
ract
eris
tics,
but
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d-le
vel f
acto
rs s
uch
as c
onne
ctiv
ity o
f ro
ad n
etw
orks
tha
t m
ight
po
sitiv
ely
or n
egat
ivel
y in
fluen
ce u
se (p
.178
). In
a s
tudy
of
seve
ral m
ulti-
use
trai
ls in
Hou
ston
, TX
, thr
ee-f
ourt
hs o
f su
rvey
par
ticip
ants
rep
orte
d us
ing
the
trai
l for
rec
reat
ion
(Sha
fer
et a
l, 20
00).
In
cont
ext
of t
he p
revi
ousl
y m
entio
ned
com
paris
on s
tudy
(Tro
ped
et a
l, 20
05),
mul
ti-us
e tr
ails
sho
uld
be a
sses
sed
for
stre
et-le
vel c
onne
ctiv
ity s
ince
mos
t
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
30
recr
eatio
n us
ers
chos
e w
alki
ng a
s a
mod
e of
tra
vel t
o th
e tr
ail.
A c
ompr
ehen
sive
stu
dy o
f ur
ban
trai
l use
in In
dian
apol
is is
rep
rese
ntat
ive
of t
he h
iera
rchy
of
wal
king
nee
ds, a
sses
sing
a w
ide
rang
e of
var
iabl
es t
hat
can
be a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith t
he m
ost
basi
c le
vels
of
acce
ssib
ility
and
saf
ety
and
also
exp
lorin
g va
riabl
es li
nked
to
high
er-le
vel c
omfo
rt a
nd p
leas
urab
ility
fa
ctor
s (L
inds
ey e
t al
, 200
6).
By m
easu
ring
the
corr
elat
ion
of t
rail
traf
fic a
nd n
eigh
borh
ood
char
acte
ristic
s lik
e po
pula
tion
dens
ity, l
and
use,
str
eet
net-
wor
ks, a
nd “
gree
nnes
s” (e
xpos
ure
to h
ealth
y gr
een
land
scap
es),
rese
arch
ers
foun
d th
at t
hese
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
t va
riabl
es w
ere
posi
tivel
y an
d si
gnifi
-ca
ntly
cor
rela
ted
with
dai
ly t
rail
traf
fic (L
inse
y et
al,
2006
). M
ost
impo
rtan
tly, t
his
stud
y pr
ovid
es e
vide
nce-
base
d re
sults
tha
t ar
e co
nsis
tent
with
pla
n-ni
ng li
tera
ture
hyp
othe
sizi
ng o
n th
e va
lue
and
impo
rtan
ce o
f m
ixed
land
use
, con
nect
ivity
, pop
ulat
ion
dens
ity, a
nd n
eigh
borh
ood
aest
hetic
s. H
ighe
r tr
ail t
raff
ic o
ccur
red
in a
reas
tha
t w
ere
mor
e de
nsel
y po
pula
ted,
had
a m
ixtu
re o
f co
mm
erci
al a
nd r
esid
entia
l lan
d us
e, p
rovi
ded
mor
e pe
dest
rian
ac-
cess
zon
es, a
nd h
ad d
ense
r, h
ealth
y ve
geta
tive
grow
th (L
inds
ey e
t al
, 200
6).
An
earli
er s
tudy
of
urba
n m
ulti-
use
trai
ls in
Chi
cago
exa
min
ed p
erce
ptio
ns a
nd u
se o
f co
mm
unity
tra
ils b
y ex
amin
ing
fact
ors
like
prox
imity
, aes
thet
ics,
an
d tr
ail f
acili
ties
(Gob
ster
, 199
5).
Part
icip
ants
rep
orte
d at
trib
utes
of
trai
ls t
hat
influ
ence
d th
eir
freq
uenc
y an
d ty
pe o
f us
e, c
iting
“na
tura
l bea
uty”
or
trai
l aes
thet
ics
and
favo
rabl
e qu
aliti
es t
rails
like
“go
od m
aint
enan
ce”,
“sa
fety
”, a
nd p
roxi
mity
as
posi
tive
attr
ibut
es t
hat
may
influ
ence
tra
il us
e, w
hile
la
ck o
f tr
ail f
acili
ties
like
rest
room
s an
d in
form
atio
n or
way
-sid
e si
gns,
and
beh
avio
r of
oth
er t
rail
user
s w
ere
repo
rted
as
nega
tive
attr
ibut
es in
fluen
c-in
g tr
ail u
se (G
obst
er, 1
995,
pp.
406
-407
). A
lthou
gh s
ome
stud
ies
repo
rt e
vide
nce
that
is n
ot c
oncu
rren
t w
ith e
mer
ging
the
orie
s an
d st
udie
s th
at p
ositi
vely
link
tra
il us
e an
d ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity
(Eve
nson
et
al, 2
005)
, res
earc
hers
and
pra
ctiti
oner
s ex
pres
s a
reso
undi
ng n
eed
for
furt
her
expl
orat
ion
on t
he t
rail-
heal
th c
onne
ctio
n, c
allin
g fo
r re
ex-
amin
atio
n of
exi
stin
g tr
ail d
ata
(Gob
ster
, 200
5), r
igor
ous
eval
uatio
ns o
f di
ffer
ent
type
s of
tra
ils in
rur
al a
nd u
rban
set
tings
(Eve
nson
et
al, 2
005)
, a b
et-
ter
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
env
ironm
enta
l bar
riers
to
trai
l use
(Tro
ped
et a
l, 20
01),
crea
ting
mor
e de
fined
and
obj
ectiv
e m
easu
res
of n
eigh
borh
ood
and
trai
l ch
arac
teris
tics
(Lin
sey
et a
l, 20
06),
and
cont
inua
l, re
fined
ana
lyse
s of
indi
vidu
al, s
ocia
l, an
d bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t fa
ctor
s af
fect
ing
trai
l use
(Tro
ped
et a
l, 20
05)
Co
ncl
usi
on
D
espi
te e
mer
ging
evi
denc
e su
ppor
ting
the
clai
m t
hat
the
built
env
ironm
ent
affe
cts
phys
ical
act
ivity
eng
agem
ent,
em
piric
al e
vide
nce
prov
idin
g ca
usal
re
latio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
the
two
is la
ckin
g. T
here
fore
, sta
ndar
d gu
idel
ines
and
pro
cedu
res
to a
ddre
ss h
ow f
acili
ties
like
mul
ti-us
e tr
ails
can
bes
t ac
com
-m
odat
e an
d co
ntrib
ute
to in
crea
sed
com
mun
ity p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity a
re c
ontin
ually
evo
lvin
g. T
he a
bsen
ce o
f em
piric
al e
vide
nce
may
pus
h pr
actit
ione
rs
and
com
mun
ities
to
appr
oach
ped
estr
ian
and
bicy
cle
faci
lity
proj
ects
with
mor
e se
nsiti
vity
to
a co
mm
unity
’s n
eeds
. In
the
mea
ntim
e, u
sing
exi
stin
g co
ncep
tual
mod
els
to in
form
dec
isio
ns is
nec
essa
ry t
o th
e su
cces
s of
tra
il pr
ojec
ts, s
ucce
ss b
eing
mea
sure
d by
the
abi
lity
of a
tra
il to
ser
ve t
he m
ost
peop
le w
hile
max
imiz
ing
heal
th a
nd q
ualit
y of
life
ben
efits
. In
his
app
eal t
o in
clud
e “s
ense
of
plac
e” in
the
pub
lic h
ealth
con
stru
ct, F
rum
kin
(200
3)
cont
inue
s to
beg
the
ulti
mat
e qu
estio
n: if
you
bui
ld it
, will
the
y co
me?
He
asse
rts
that
“ev
iden
ce-b
ased
rec
omm
enda
tions
for
hea
lthy
plac
e m
akin
g co
uld
have
impo
rtan
t pu
blic
hea
lth im
plic
atio
ns”
and
requ
ests
con
tinue
d su
ppor
t in
res
earc
h fr
om t
he c
ross
-sec
tion
of p
ublic
hea
lth, r
ecre
atio
n, p
lan-
ning
, and
des
ign
field
s. F
or n
ow, e
xist
ing
rese
arch
can
be
utili
zed
as a
gui
de t
o de
velo
p co
mm
unity
-bas
ed, s
ite-s
peci
fic p
roje
cts
incl
usiv
e of
att
ribut
es
that
will
con
trib
ute
to t
he h
ealth
and
wel
l bei
ng o
f al
l com
mun
ity m
embe
rs.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
31
Loca
l neig
hbor
hood
stre
et.
Th
e ec
olog
ical
mod
el p
rovi
des
impo
rtan
t gu
idan
ce f
or c
ondu
ctin
g a
neig
hbor
hood
eva
luat
ion
of a
ctiv
e liv
ing
oppo
rtun
ities
. Thi
s se
ctio
n fo
cuse
s on
des
crib
ing
the
char
acte
ristic
s of
the
Eck
ingt
on a
nd E
dgew
ood
neig
hbor
-ho
ods
in r
elat
ion
to t
he in
divi
dual
fac
tors
and
soc
ial f
acto
rs o
f th
e ec
olog
ical
mod
el h
ighl
ight
ing
both
opp
or-
tuni
ties
and
cons
trai
nts
in f
oste
ring
activ
e co
mm
uniti
es.
Nei
gh
bo
rho
od
Ove
rvie
w /
Stu
dy
Are
a Th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail (
MBT
) run
s th
roug
h th
e he
art
of W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C’s
Nor
thea
st q
uadr
ant.
The
M
BT t
rave
ls n
orth
to
sout
h fo
r 8.
25 m
iles
betw
een
Silv
er S
prin
g, M
D a
nd U
nion
Sta
tion
in d
ownt
own
Was
h-in
gton
, DC
.
The
stud
y ar
ea is
bou
nded
by
Fran
klin
Str
eet
to t
he n
orth
; New
Yor
k A
ve. t
o th
e so
uth;
and
Nor
th C
apito
l St
reet
to
the
wes
t. O
n th
e ea
st, t
he s
tudy
are
a fo
llow
s th
e ra
ilroa
d tr
acks
(vee
ring
east
alo
ng R
hode
Isla
nd
Ave
nue
then
nor
th a
long
10th
Str
eet
).
Foun
d al
ong
the
MBT
, Ec
king
ton
and
Edge
woo
d ar
e th
e fo
cus
of t
his
stud
y. E
ckin
gton
and
Edg
ewoo
d ar
e hi
stor
ic n
eigh
borh
oods
not
ed f
or t
heir
view
s of
the
Cap
itol B
uild
ing,
his
toric
row
hou
se a
rchi
tect
ure,
and
pr
oxim
ity t
o th
e do
wnt
own
core
. Edg
ewoo
d is
loca
ted
to t
he n
orth
of
Ecki
ngto
n an
d is
the
hom
e of
Edg
e-w
ood
Terr
ace,
a la
rge
com
plex
of
mix
ed-in
com
e an
d se
nior
-citi
zen
hous
ing.
Bot
h Ec
king
ton
and
Edge
woo
d ar
e fo
und
in W
ard
Five
of
Was
hing
ton,
DC
and
hav
e ea
sy a
cces
s to
bot
h th
e N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
and
Rhod
es
Isla
nd A
venu
e M
etro
rail
stat
ions
. D
emo
gra
ph
ics
In 2
000,
the
tot
al p
opul
atio
n of
the
Eck
ingt
on/E
dgew
ood
area
was
12,
814.
Dem
ogra
phic
ally
, Eck
ingt
on a
nd
Edge
woo
d ar
e pr
edom
inan
tly A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
with
92.
5 pe
rcen
t of
the
pop
ulat
ion
repo
rted
as
Afr
ican
-A
mer
ican
. A
ppro
xim
atel
y 14
per
cent
the
pop
ulat
ion
with
in t
hese
tw
o ne
ighb
orho
ods
is r
epor
ted
as b
eing
65
year
s or
old
er.
Com
pare
d w
ith a
nat
iona
l ave
rage
of
12 p
erce
nt, t
he d
istr
ibut
ion
of e
lder
ly r
esid
ents
in t
hese
tw
o ne
ighb
orho
ods
appe
ars
to b
e ty
pica
l. A
dditi
onal
ly, a
ppro
xim
atel
y 54
per
cent
of
the
popu
latio
n w
ithin
th
ese
two
neig
hbor
hood
s is
rep
orte
d as
bei
ng f
emal
e.
CU
RR
ENT
SOC
IAL
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
Edg
ewoo
d Te
rrac
e A
partm
ents
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
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URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
32
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
33
Pove
rty
Rece
nt s
tudi
es h
ave
show
n th
at p
over
ty r
ates
for
an
area
can
be
corr
elat
ed t
o in
crea
sed
safe
ty h
azar
ds f
or
resi
dent
s. R
esid
ents
of
area
s w
ith a
hig
h po
vert
y ra
te a
re o
ften
mor
e re
liant
on
publ
ic t
rans
port
atio
n, w
alk-
ing,
and
bik
ing,
all
mod
es o
f tr
ansp
orta
tion
that
ope
n up
the
use
r to
pot
entia
l con
flict
with
aut
omob
iles.
In
addi
tion,
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds w
ith h
igh
pove
rty
rate
s m
ay n
ot h
ave
rece
ived
the
hig
hest
qua
lity
infr
astr
uctu
re
trea
tmen
ts t
hat
can
impr
ove
wal
king
and
bik
ing
cond
ition
s. A
ll of
the
se f
acto
rs m
ake
pove
rty
a se
rious
con
-ce
rn f
or n
on-m
otor
ized
tra
nspo
rtat
ion
plan
ners
. Th
e m
ap o
f th
e le
ft il
lust
rate
s th
e po
vert
y ra
te o
f ne
ighb
orho
ods
adja
cent
to
the
trai
l cor
ridor
. Stu
dies
hav
e sh
own
that
pov
erty
rat
es o
ver
40%
for
cen
sus
bloc
k gr
oups
can
cre
ate
self-
rein
forc
ing
nega
tive
cycl
es t
hat
may
aff
ect
pede
stria
n an
d b
icyc
ling
safe
ty. A
reas
with
hig
h co
ncen
trat
ions
of
pove
rty
may
nee
d ad
ditio
nal
assi
stan
ce in
cre
atin
g sa
fe p
edes
tria
n an
d bi
cycl
e fa
cilit
ies.
Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e 20
00 C
ensu
s, t
he a
vera
ge p
ov-
erty
rat
e in
our
stu
dy a
rea
was
25
perc
ent
with
10%
bei
ng t
he lo
wes
t pe
rcen
tage
with
in t
he s
tudy
are
a an
d 38
% b
eing
the
hig
hest
per
cent
age
with
in o
ur s
tudy
are
a
Pub
lic S
afet
y In
reg
ards
to
crim
e, a
larg
e po
rtio
n of
our
stu
dy a
rea
is d
esig
nate
d as
a “
Hot
Spo
t” b
y th
e M
PD (s
ee m
ap)
and
thus
rec
eive
s sp
ecia
l att
entio
n un
der
DC
’s “
Hot
Spo
t In
itiat
ive.
”. T
he “
Hot
Spo
t In
itiat
ive,
” is
an
effo
rt
that
brin
gs t
oget
her
the
polic
e, a
ran
ge o
f ot
her
city
gov
ernm
ent
agen
cies
, and
the
priv
ate
and
non-
prof
it se
ctor
s fo
r a
focu
sed
assa
ult
on b
oth
crim
e an
d th
e un
derly
ing
cond
ition
s th
at c
an b
reed
crim
e in
14
geo-
grap
hica
lly c
ompa
ct “
hot
spot
s” lo
cate
d th
roug
hout
DC
. MPD
ass
igns
add
ition
al p
atro
ls (v
ehic
le, b
icyc
le a
nd
foot
), de
ploy
s sp
ecia
lized
uni
ts (t
arge
ting
drug
s, g
angs
, pro
stitu
tion
and
auto
the
ft),
cond
ucts
crim
inal
inve
s-tig
atio
ns, a
nd m
anag
es p
robl
em-s
olvi
ng e
ffor
ts.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
34
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
35
No
n-m
oto
rize
d T
ran
spo
rtat
ion
Usa
ge
Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e 20
00 C
ensu
s, 5
per
cent
of
the
popu
latio
n w
ithin
our
stu
dy a
rea
eith
er b
iked
or
wal
ked
to
wor
k. T
his
is a
bove
the
nat
iona
l ave
rage
of
3.3
perc
ent
from
the
200
0 C
ensu
s. In
add
ition
, sev
eral
zon
es o
f th
e st
udy
area
tha
t ha
d ea
sier
acc
ess
to t
he d
ownt
own
core
had
hig
her
wal
king
/bik
ing
rate
s. W
ith c
ompl
etio
n of
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l, th
ere
will
be
even
mor
e op
port
unity
for
are
a re
side
nts
to t
rave
l thr
ough
w
alki
ng a
nd b
ikin
g.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
36
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
37
A
n im
port
ant
elem
ent
to in
crea
sing
phy
sica
l act
ivity
and
hea
lthy
livin
g is
the
exi
sten
ce o
f co
mm
unity
fac
ilitie
s an
d re
sour
ces
that
pro
mot
e he
alth
y lif
esty
les.
In
addi
tion
to t
he e
xist
ence
of
a sa
fe p
edes
tria
n an
d bi
cycl
e in
fras
truc
ture
, inc
ludi
ng t
rails
, is
the
need
for
oth
er f
acili
ties
such
as
scho
ols
and
chur
ches
, whe
re in
form
atio
n ab
out
heal
thy
livin
g ca
n be
dis
cuss
ed; r
ecre
atio
nal f
acili
ties,
whe
re p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ities
can
be
enga
ged
upon
an
d ac
tiviti
es a
long
the
tra
il ca
n be
impl
emen
ted;
and
gro
cery
sto
res,
whe
re h
ealth
y fo
od c
an b
e ac
quire
d. I
n th
is s
ectio
n, w
e do
cum
ent
the
num
ber
and
loca
tion
of t
hese
fac
ilitie
s.
Sch
oo
ls
Scho
ols
are
a po
tent
ial a
sset
to
incr
easi
ng p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ity r
ates
, as
they
pro
vide
for
um f
or e
duca
ting
yout
hs
(and
pot
entia
lly a
dults
) to
the
exis
tenc
e of
loca
l fac
ilitie
s (s
uch
as a
tra
il).
Scho
ols
may
als
o be
abl
e to
pla
n ac
tiviti
es a
long
the
tra
il, s
uch
as a
bik
ing
or r
unni
ng e
vent
. Se
ven
scho
ols
resi
de w
ithin
the
bou
ndar
ies
of o
ur
stud
y ar
ea.
(Ple
ase
see
Map
and
Tab
le f
or a
dditi
onal
info
rmat
ion.
)
Map
IDN
ame
Loca
tion
AN
oyes
Elem
enta
ry27
25 1
0th S
treet
NE
BSh
aed
Elem
enta
ry30
1 D
ougl
as S
treet
NE
CH
yde
Lead
ersh
ip P
ublic
Cha
rter
101
T St
reet
NE
DM
cKin
ley T
ech
Hig
h Sc
hool
151
T St
reet
NE
EE
mer
y E
lemen
tary
1720
1st S
treet
NE
FCa
lvar
y Ch
ristia
n A
cade
my
806
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
nue
NE
GD
C Pr
epar
ator
y A
cade
my
701
Edg
ewoo
d St
reet
NE
CU
RR
ENT
CO
MM
UN
ITY
FA
CIL
ITIE
S A
ND
RES
OU
RC
ES
McK
inley
Tec
hnic
al H
igh
Scho
ol
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
38
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
39
Ch
urc
hes
C
hurc
hes
prov
ide
impo
rtan
t so
cial
sup
port
sys
tem
and
sta
ff m
ay b
e ab
le t
o en
gage
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs in
a
disc
ussi
on a
bout
hea
lth a
nd in
par
ticip
atio
n in
org
aniz
ed p
hysi
cal a
ctiv
ities
. Ei
ght
Chu
rche
s re
side
with
in t
he
boun
darie
s of
our
stu
dy a
rea.
A f
ew a
lread
y su
ppor
t re
crea
tiona
l cen
ters
. (P
leas
e se
e M
ap a
nd T
able
for
ad
ditio
nal i
nfor
mat
ion.
)
Map
IDN
ame
Loca
tion
AA
tone
men
t Lut
hera
n Ch
urch
4th S
treet
and
Edg
ewoo
d Pl
ace
NE
BIs
rael
Bapt
ist C
hurc
h12
51 S
arat
oga
Ave
nue
NE
CG
reat
er V
ictor
y Ba
ptist
Chu
rch
2100
4th
Stre
et N
E
DN
ew S
aint J
ohn
Miss
iona
ry B
aptis
t Chu
rch
N. C
apito
l Stre
et a
nd U
Stre
et N
E
ELi
ncol
n Ro
ad M
etho
dist
Chu
rch
Linc
oln
Road
and
U S
treet
NE
FFi
rst J
erich
o Ba
ptist
Chu
rch
304
S St
reet
NE
GE
ckin
gton
Pre
sbyt
erian
Chu
rch
N. C
apito
l Stre
et a
nd F
lorid
a A
venu
e N
E
HG
reat
er M
t. Ca
lvar
y Ba
ptist
Chu
rch
610
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
NE
Loca
l com
mun
ity c
hurc
h.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
40
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
41
Rec
reat
ion
al F
acili
ties
Re
crea
tiona
l fa
cilit
ies,
by
thei
r na
ture
, are
pla
ces
in w
hich
to
educ
ate
peop
le a
bout
act
ive
livin
g an
d en
gage
in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
. Re
crea
tiona
l fac
ilitie
s m
ay b
e pa
rtic
ular
ly in
tere
sted
in n
ew a
reas
whe
re in
whi
ch p
hysi
cal
activ
ity c
an b
e en
gage
d. F
or e
xam
ple,
the
abi
lity
to w
alk
on a
tra
il as
opp
osed
to
a tr
eadm
ill, m
ay a
ttra
ct
new
use
rs.
Five
rec
reat
ion
faci
litie
s re
side
with
in t
he b
ound
arie
s of
our
stu
dy a
rea.
(Pl
ease
see
Map
and
Ta-
ble
for
addi
tiona
l inf
orm
atio
n.)
Map
IDN
ame
Loca
tion
AE
dgew
ood
Recr
eatio
n Ce
nter
3rd S
treet
NE
and
Eva
rts S
treet
NE
BSh
aed
Cent
er3r
d Stre
et N
E an
d D
ougl
as S
treet
NE
CH
arry
Tho
mas
Poo
lLi
ncol
n Ro
ad N
E a
nd S
eato
n Pl
ace
NE
DH
arry
Tho
mas
Sr.
Recr
eatio
n Ce
nter
1801
Lin
coln
Roa
d N
E
ECa
lvar
y Co
mm
unity
Cen
ter
605
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
. NE
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
42
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
43
Gro
cery
Sto
res
and
Mar
kets
G
roce
ry s
tore
s an
d m
arke
ts a
re im
port
ant
to in
crea
sing
res
iden
t’s
acce
ss t
o he
alth
y fo
od.
Thre
e M
arke
t/G
roce
ry S
tore
s re
side
with
in t
he b
ound
arie
s of
our
stu
dy a
rea.
(Ple
ase
see
asso
ciat
ed M
ap a
nd T
able
for
add
i-tio
nal i
nfor
mat
ion.
)
O
ther
O
ther
not
able
fac
ilitie
s an
d re
sour
ces
with
in t
he b
ound
arie
s of
our
stu
dy a
rea
incl
ude:
Rho
de Is
land
Met
ro
Stat
ion,
Bre
ntw
ood
Mai
l Pro
cess
ing
Plan
t, C
SX r
ail c
orrid
or, n
earb
y pa
rks
and
open
spa
ce.
Map
IDN
ame
Loca
tion
ASa
few
ay51
4 Rh
ode
Islan
d A
venu
e N
E
BSt
ar M
arke
t4t
h Stre
et a
nd W
Stre
et N
E
CG
iant
1050
Bre
ntw
ood
Road
Met
ro tr
acks
nea
r Rho
de Is
land
Ave
.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
44
Page
left
inte
ntio
nally
bla
nk
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
45
A
vita
l com
pone
nt o
f an
y co
mm
unity
pla
n is
dire
ct c
omm
unity
inpu
t b
ecau
se it
is t
he c
omm
unity
itse
lf w
hich
kn
ows
its n
eeds
mos
t an
d kn
ows
wha
t ha
s be
en s
ucce
ssfu
l as
wel
l as
wha
t ha
s fa
iled
in t
he p
ast.
With
thi
s in
min
d, R
ails
-to-
Trai
ls C
onse
rvan
cy p
rese
nted
on
the
curr
ent
stat
us o
f th
e tr
ail a
nd s
olic
ited
feed
back
at
all
loca
l com
mun
ity m
eetin
gs a
nd m
et w
ith k
ey s
take
hold
ers
incl
udin
g sc
hool
s an
d re
crea
tiona
l cen
ters
. In
di-
vidu
als
wer
e as
ked
to t
hink
spe
cific
ally
abo
ut b
arrie
rs t
o tr
ail u
se s
uch
as s
afet
y, a
nd a
ttra
ctiv
enes
s as
wel
l as
phys
ical
bar
riers
. In
add
ition
, ind
ivid
uals
wer
e as
ked
abou
t ac
tiviti
es o
r am
eniti
es t
hat
mig
ht e
ncou
rage
tra
il us
e.
Belo
w is
a s
umm
ary
of t
he m
eetin
gs a
tten
ded
and
the
reco
mm
enda
tions
rec
eive
d.
Ad
viso
ry N
eig
hb
orh
oo
d C
om
mis
sio
n (
AN
C)
5C
Dat
e: J
anua
ry 1
6th, 2
007
Des
crip
tio
n:
As
the
body
of
gove
rnm
ent
that
pro
vide
s th
e “c
lose
st o
ffic
ial t
ies
to p
eopl
e in
a n
eigh
bor-
hood
,” t
he 5
C A
dvis
ory
Nei
ghbo
rhoo
d C
omm
issi
on is
com
pris
ed o
f el
ecte
d ne
ighb
orho
od r
esid
ents
who
se
rve
on a
n ad
viso
ry b
oard
tha
t co
nsid
ers
polic
ies
and
prog
ram
s af
fect
ing
the
neig
hbor
hood
(inc
ludi
ng E
ck-
ingt
on a
nd E
dgew
ood)
.
Rec
om
men
dat
ion
s:
(A)
Saf
ety:
Lig
htin
g; p
oste
d tr
ail h
ours
; ben
ches
des
igne
d to
pre
vent
the
con
greg
atio
n of
the
hom
eles
s;
limite
d sh
rubb
ery
to p
reve
nt p
reda
tors
fro
m h
idin
g ne
arby
; pol
ice
patr
ol.
(B)
Att
ract
iven
ess:
Tra
sh r
ecep
tacl
es, r
outin
e tr
ash
clea
n-up
; tra
nspa
rent
mai
nten
ance
pla
n; c
reat
e an
at-
trac
tive
envi
ronm
ent
that
will
enc
oura
ge p
eopl
e to
use
the
tra
il.
(C
) P
hys
ical
Bar
rier
s: M
ultip
le a
cces
s po
ints
con
nect
ing
adja
cent
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds t
o th
e tr
ail.
(D
) C
om
mu
nit
y A
ctiv
ity:
Org
aniz
ed t
rail
clea
n-up
; eng
age
civi
c as
soci
atio
ns a
nd e
ncou
rage
tra
il be
autif
ica-
tion
proj
ects
. (E
) O
ther
: W
ell-m
aint
aine
d tr
ail w
ith g
ood
pave
men
t; p
ublic
ize
the
trai
l to
area
res
iden
ts; p
rovi
de b
ath-
room
fac
ilitie
s on
or
near
the
tra
il.
CO
MM
UN
ITY
OU
TREA
CH
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
46
Polic
e Se
rvic
e A
rea
(PSA
) 50
1 D
ate:
Jan
uary
17th
, 200
7 D
escr
ipti
on
: Bo
th E
ckin
gton
and
Edg
ewoo
d ar
e fo
und
with
in P
SA 5
01. T
he D
istr
ict’
s Po
lice
Serv
ice
Are
as
are
delin
eate
d by
nat
ural
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d bo
unda
ries
and
are
cons
ider
ed t
o be
the
“ba
sic
build
ing
bloc
ks o
f co
mm
unity
pol
icin
g.”
Mon
thly
PSA
mee
tings
are
con
duct
ed b
y th
e ar
ea’s
chi
ef p
olic
e of
ficer
and
pro
vide
re
side
nts
with
the
opp
ortu
nity
to
voic
e th
eir
ques
tions
and
con
cern
s ab
out
neig
hbor
hood
crim
e.
Rec
om
men
dat
ion
s:
(A)
Saf
ety:
Add
ress
pre
vale
nce
of ju
veni
le d
elin
quen
cy in
the
are
a in
ord
er t
o pr
even
t va
ndal
ism
and
oth
er
crim
es; l
ight
ing.
(B
) A
ttra
ctiv
enes
s:
(C)
Ph
ysic
al B
arri
ers:
Ens
ure
that
the
tra
il is
con
nect
ed t
o ad
jace
nt n
eigh
borh
oods
by
num
erou
s sa
fe a
nd
attr
activ
e ac
cess
poi
nts.
(D
) C
om
mu
nit
y A
ctiv
ity:
Cre
ate
a ne
ighb
orho
od w
atch
sys
tem
for
the
tra
il.
Ecki
ng
ton
Civ
ic A
sso
ciat
ion
D
ate:
Feb
ruar
y 19
th, 2
007
Des
crip
tio
n:
Ecki
ngto
n C
ivic
Ass
ocia
tion
mee
ts o
n a
mon
thly
bas
is a
nd r
epre
sent
s re
side
nts
of t
he E
ckin
g-to
n ne
ighb
orho
od (r
ough
ly F
lorid
a A
ve.;
Nor
th C
apito
l St.
; Rho
de Is
land
Ave
.; ra
il co
rrid
or.)
Rec
om
men
dat
ion
s:
(A)
Saf
ety:
Sec
urity
cam
eras
pla
ced
on t
rail;
Acc
epta
ble
hour
s of
ope
ratio
n de
term
ined
and
pos
ted;
Lig
ht-
ing;
Pat
rolle
d by
pol
ice
on b
icyc
le.
(B)
Att
ract
iven
ess:
Sig
nage
; Rel
evan
t hi
stor
ical
mar
kers
and
pla
ques
; lan
dsca
ped
and
wel
l-des
igne
d co
n-ne
ctio
ns; P
layg
roun
d an
d co
mm
unity
gar
dens
; Use
Cap
ital C
resc
ent
Trai
l as
a m
odel
for
att
ract
ive
desi
gn;
Litt
er c
ontr
ol, t
rash
cle
an-u
p, a
nd g
raff
iti c
lean
-up.
(C)
Ph
ysic
al B
arri
ers:
R S
tree
t w
ould
mak
e a
grea
t co
nnec
tion
poin
t fo
r co
mm
unity
mem
bers
in E
ckin
gton
w
ho a
re t
ryin
g to
acc
ess
both
the
tra
il an
d th
e m
etro
. Th
is c
onne
ctio
n w
ould
als
o be
gre
at f
or c
onne
ctin
g sc
hool
chi
ldre
n fr
om M
cKin
ley
Tech
and
oth
er n
earb
y sc
hool
s w
ho r
ely
on m
etro
to
get
to a
nd f
rom
sch
ool;
N
Y A
ve a
nd F
l Ave
are
par
ticul
arly
unf
riend
ly t
o pe
dest
rians
so
the
trai
l cou
ld li
mit
inte
ract
ion
and
conf
lict
betw
een
vehi
cles
and
ped
estr
ians
in t
his
area
. (D
) C
om
mu
nit
y A
ctiv
ity:
Con
nect
ion
to F
arm
ers
Mar
ket
on R
Str
eet
betw
een
Flor
ida
and
1st S
tree
t N
W
(beg
ins
Satu
rday
, Jun
e 17
th 9
am-2
pm);
Com
mun
ity g
arde
n pr
ojec
t.
(E)
Oth
er:
Futu
re d
evel
opm
ent
incl
udes
Was
hing
ton
Gat
eway
Pro
ject
(NY
and
FL
Ave
inte
rsec
tion
and
asso
-ci
ated
tria
ngle
); H
arry
Tho
mas
Par
kway
fie
ld w
as r
ecen
tly r
ezon
ed s
o on
ce it
is d
evel
oped
Q S
tree
t w
ill e
xten
d th
roug
h th
e pr
oper
ty t
o H
arry
Tho
mas
Par
kway
and
a w
alkw
ay t
o th
e tr
ail w
ould
be
built
to
conn
ect
Q S
tree
t to
the
tra
il.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
47
Edg
ewo
od
Civ
ic A
sso
ciat
ion
D
ate:
Feb
ruar
y 26
th, 2
007
Des
crip
tio
n:
Edge
woo
d C
ivic
Ass
ocia
tion
mee
ts m
onth
ly a
nd r
epre
sent
s w
hat
mig
ht b
e co
nsid
ered
bot
h th
e Ed
gew
ood
and
Ecki
ngto
n ne
ighb
orho
ods
(rou
ghly
Flo
rida
Ave
.; N
orth
Cap
itol S
t.; F
rank
lin S
t..;
rail
corr
i-do
r.)
Rec
om
men
dat
ion
s:
(A)
Saf
ety:
Lig
htin
g; p
olic
e ca
ll bo
xes
plac
ed a
long
the
tra
il m
ight
pro
vide
add
ed s
ecur
ity a
t ni
ght;
pol
ice
patr
ols
wou
ld p
rovi
de a
sen
se o
f sa
fety
; cam
eras
may
als
o de
ter
crim
e.
(B)
Att
ract
iven
ess:
Tra
sh c
ans
and
bags
for
pet
was
te c
ontr
ol; s
hrub
s an
d ve
geta
tion
over
grow
th n
eeds
to
be c
ut o
r m
aint
aine
d al
ong
the
corr
idor
; pai
nt m
ural
s on
indu
stria
l bui
ldin
gs t
o re
flect
his
toric
al a
nd c
ultu
ral
sign
ifica
nce
of c
omm
unity
, ded
icat
ed t
o th
e ne
ighb
orho
od; c
reat
e a
“Wal
k of
Fam
e” t
hat
high
light
s co
mm
u-ni
ty le
ader
s fr
om W
ard
5 an
d ne
arby
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds t
o in
still
com
mun
ity p
ride
and
prov
ide
hist
oric
al in
for-
mat
ion
abou
t th
e ar
ea o
n th
e tr
ail.
(C)
Ph
ysic
al B
arri
ers:
Nee
d fo
r pa
rkin
g al
ong
the
trai
l and
acc
ess
poin
ts t
hat
are
acce
ssib
le t
o ph
ysic
ally
di
sabl
ed u
sers
and
the
eld
erly
. (D
) C
om
mu
nit
y A
ctiv
ity:
Cre
ate
awar
enes
s ab
out
the
trai
l in
the
com
mun
ity b
y us
ing
votin
g po
lls t
o di
s-se
min
ate
info
rmat
ion
and
pass
out
info
rmat
ion
or p
ost
notic
es a
nd s
igns
clo
se t
o th
e M
etro
sta
tion.
(E)
O
ther
: Ex
erci
se c
ours
e fo
r w
alke
rs (s
tret
chin
g st
atio
ns, e
tc. –
exa
mpl
e on
Roc
k C
reek
Par
k G
reen
way
); am
eniti
es f
or c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
like
fre
quen
t re
st s
tops
and
wat
er f
ount
ains
; sep
arat
e so
ft s
urfa
ce p
ath
adja
cent
to
pave
d tr
ail f
or w
alke
rs a
nd r
unne
rs.
No
yes
Elem
enta
ry
Dat
e: M
arch
8th, 2
007
Des
crip
tio
n:
Noy
es E
lem
enta
ry S
choo
l is
loca
ted
east
of
the
MBT
(with
acc
ess
via
the
Fran
klin
Str
eet
brid
ge)
and
is a
pub
lic s
choo
l with
app
roxi
mat
ely
300
stud
ents
, mos
t of
who
m e
ither
wal
k or
bik
e to
sch
ool.
Rec
om
men
dat
ion
s:
(A)
Saf
ety:
Pol
ice
patr
ols
(B)
Att
ract
iven
ess:
Cre
ate
play
grou
nd b
etw
een
Rhod
e Is
land
and
Bro
okla
nd s
tatio
ns (b
ette
r th
an b
etw
een
Rhod
e Is
land
and
New
Yor
k st
atio
ns b
ecau
se o
f th
e in
dust
rial u
ses
ther
e).
(C)
Ph
ysic
al B
arri
ers:
Cre
ate
barr
ier
(fen
ce, e
tc.)
from
act
ive
trai
n tr
acks
. (D
) C
om
mu
nit
y A
ctiv
ity:
Bik
e sa
fety
cla
sses
; sch
ool-s
pons
ored
tra
il cl
ean-
up d
ay.
(E)
Oth
er:
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
48
D.C
. Pre
par
ato
ry A
cad
emy
Dat
e: M
arch
21st
, 200
7 D
escr
ipti
on
: D
.C. P
repa
rato
ry A
cade
my
is lo
cate
s so
uth
of F
rank
lin S
tree
t, im
med
iate
ly a
djac
ent
to t
he M
BT
corr
idor
and
is p
art
of a
n “e
duca
tiona
l hub
” w
ith t
wo
othe
r ch
arte
r sc
hool
s.
Rec
om
men
dat
ion
s:
(A)
Saf
ety:
Impr
ove
and
crea
te a
dditi
onal
sid
ewal
ks a
nd c
ross
wal
ks n
ear
the
scho
ol.
(B)
Att
ract
iven
ess:
Inv
olve
stu
dent
s in
pai
ntin
g of
a m
ural
. (C
) P
hys
ical
Bar
rier
s:
(D)
Co
mm
un
ity
Act
ivit
y: F
amily
orie
nted
eve
nts
spon
sore
d by
the
sch
ool f
or lo
cal c
hild
ren
and
thei
r pa
r-en
ts; c
reat
e a
gard
enin
g cl
ub; h
old
a sc
hool
spo
nsor
ed t
rail
clea
n-up
day
on
Nat
iona
l You
th S
ervi
ce D
ay.
(E)
Oth
er:
Prov
ide
map
s of
the
tra
il to
the
loca
l com
mun
ity; e
ncou
rage
res
iden
ts t
o us
e th
e tr
ail b
y pl
an-
ning
a c
omm
unity
-wid
e ev
ent
on t
he t
rails
ope
ning
day
. C
alva
ry C
hri
stia
n A
cad
emy
Dat
e: M
arch
31st
, 200
7 D
escr
ipti
on
: C
alva
ry C
hris
tian
Aca
dem
y is
loca
ted
alon
g Rh
ode
Isla
nd A
ve. j
ust
east
of
the
Rhod
e Is
land
M
etro
Sta
tion.
Thi
s pr
ivat
e sc
hool
hos
ts 2
25 s
tude
nts
from
all
over
the
are
a, s
ome
of w
hom
wal
k to
sch
ool.
R
eco
mm
end
atio
ns:
(A
) S
afet
y: L
ight
ing;
Pol
ice
patr
ols
on b
icyc
le
(B)
Att
ract
iven
ess:
Sch
ool-s
pons
ored
art
pro
ject
s, t
ree
plan
ting
and
gard
enin
g ac
tiviti
es.
(C)
Ph
ysic
al B
arri
ers:
Wid
th o
f si
dew
alk
alon
g Rh
ode
Isla
nd A
ve is
too
nar
row
(spe
cific
ally
und
er t
he
Rhod
e is
land
Met
ro S
tatio
n; 8
th g
rade
stu
dent
s at
tend
cla
sses
at
the
chur
ch o
n th
e w
est
side
of
the
Rhod
e Is
land
met
ro a
nd m
any
wal
k ac
ross
the
act
ive
railr
oad
trac
ks t
o ac
cess
the
ir cl
assr
oom
. (D
) C
om
mu
nit
y A
ctiv
ity:
Sch
ool o
rgan
ized
phy
sica
l exe
rcis
e su
ch a
s w
alki
ng c
lub
or b
ikin
g cl
ub; h
ortic
ul-
ture
clu
b ac
tiviti
es.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
49
D.C
. Co
mm
issi
on
on
th
e A
rts
and
Hu
man
itie
s D
ate:
May
18th
, 200
7 D
escr
ipti
on
: Th
e D
.C. C
omm
issi
on o
n th
e A
rts
and
Hum
aniti
es p
rovi
des
gran
t to
indi
vidu
als
and
non-
prof
it or
gani
zatio
ns in
the
D.C
. met
ropo
litan
are
a.
Rec
om
men
dat
ion
s:
(A)
Saf
ety:
(B
) A
ttra
ctiv
enes
s: W
ork
with
loca
l sch
ools
and
qua
lifie
d ar
tists
to
crea
te m
ural
s or
oth
er a
rtw
ork
depi
ct-
ing
the
hist
ory
of t
he n
eigh
borh
ood
and
heal
thy
com
mun
ities
alo
ng t
he M
BT.
(C)
Ph
ysic
al B
arri
ers:
(D
) C
om
mu
nit
y A
ctiv
ity:
(E
) O
ther
: Spe
cific
for
ms
of f
undi
ng f
or t
he c
reat
ion
of m
ural
s al
ong
the
trai
l cou
ld b
e ob
tain
ed t
hrou
gh:
Publ
ic A
rt B
uild
ing
Com
mun
ities
Art
s; L
earn
ing
and
Out
reac
h: T
each
er M
ini-g
rant
pro
gram
; and
Sm
all P
ro-
ject
s Pr
ogra
m.
D.C
. Dep
artm
ent
of
Park
s an
d R
ecre
atio
n, H
arry
Th
om
as C
om
mu
nit
y Se
rvic
e C
ente
r an
d E
dg
ewo
od
R
ecre
atio
nal
Cen
ter
Dat
e: J
une
5th, 2
007
Des
crip
tio
n:
The
Har
ry T
hom
as C
omm
unity
Ser
vice
Cen
ter
and
Edge
woo
d re
crea
tiona
l Cen
ter
are
foun
d w
ithin
the
Edg
ewoo
d an
d Ec
king
ton
neig
hbor
hood
s an
d pr
ovid
e af
ter-
scho
ol a
ctiv
ities
for
com
mun
ity r
esi-
dent
s w
ithin
a f
ew b
lock
s fo
r th
e M
BT c
orrid
or.
Rec
om
men
dat
ion
s:
(A)
Saf
ety:
Est
ablis
h po
lice
patr
ols;
ligh
ting.
(B
) A
ttra
ctiv
enes
s: H
isto
rical
mar
kers
alo
ng t
he t
rail
that
hig
hlig
ht n
eigh
borh
ood
hist
ory.
(C
) P
hys
ical
Bar
rier
s:
(D)
Co
mm
un
ity
Act
ivit
y: P
rogr
am t
rail
activ
ities
suc
h as
a H
allo
wee
n “s
pook
y tr
ail”
eve
nt; g
et lo
cal s
choo
l ch
ildre
n in
volv
ed in
tra
ckin
g th
e tr
ails
pro
gres
s.
(E)
Oth
er:
Bicy
cle
lock
ers;
des
igna
ted
park
ing
area
s fo
r th
e tr
ail;
prov
ide
wat
er t
o tr
ail u
sers
; allo
w f
or in
-lin
e sk
ater
s an
d sk
ateb
oard
ers;
bui
ld a
vis
itor’
s ce
nter
with
map
s, b
athr
oom
s, a
nd in
form
atio
n; in
clud
e ex
er-
cise
sta
tions
.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
50
Page
left
inte
ntio
nally
bla
nk
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
51
A
n in
divi
dual
’s d
esire
and
abi
lity
to e
ngag
e in
phy
sica
l act
ivity
is im
pact
ed b
y th
e co
mpl
ex a
nd d
ynam
ic v
ari-
able
s th
at m
ake
up t
he b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent.
Thi
s se
ctio
n fo
cuse
s on
des
crib
ing
the
phys
ical
cha
ract
eris
tics
of
the
Ecki
ngto
n an
d Ed
gew
ood
neig
hbor
hood
s hi
ghlig
htin
g bo
th o
ppor
tuni
ties
and
cons
trai
nts
in f
oste
ring
activ
e co
mm
uniti
es.
We
focu
sed
on n
eigh
borh
ood
conn
ectiv
ity a
nd e
valu
ated
sid
ewal
ks f
or t
heir
com
pre-
hens
iven
ess
and
cond
ition
; int
erse
ctio
ns a
nd c
ross
wal
ks f
or t
heir
abili
ty t
o tr
ansp
ort
peop
le s
afel
y th
roug
h tr
affic
; and
tra
il ac
cess
poi
nts
for
thei
r ab
ility
to
conn
ect
resi
dent
s di
rect
ly t
o th
e tr
ail.
Whe
n ap
plic
able
, we
refe
renc
e th
e de
sign
gui
delin
es e
stab
lishe
d by
the
Dis
tric
t D
epar
tmen
t of
Tra
nspo
rta-
tion
(DD
OT)
in t
heir
Des
ign
and
Engi
neer
ing
Man
ual w
hich
are
use
d w
hen
cons
truc
ting
new
fac
ilitie
s or
con
-du
ctin
g pr
ojec
t re
pairs
. Th
e po
licie
s se
t fo
rth
by D
DO
T in
clud
e pu
blic
rig
hts-
of-w
ay f
or n
on-m
otor
ized
(p
edes
tria
n) u
se.
Dra
win
g fr
om n
atio
nal r
equi
rem
ents
fro
m t
he A
mer
ican
Ass
ocia
tion
of S
tate
Hig
hway
and
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Off
icia
ls (A
ASH
TO) a
nd t
he A
mer
ican
s w
ith D
isab
ilitie
s A
ct A
cces
sibi
lity
Gui
delin
es (A
DA
AG
), th
e D
DO
T D
esig
n an
d En
gine
erin
g M
anua
l is
a to
ol in
impl
emen
ting
desi
gn s
tand
ards
tha
t su
ppor
t sa
fe a
nd
acce
ssib
le t
rans
port
atio
n fo
r al
l citi
zens
. Th
e D
DO
T D
esig
n an
d En
gine
erin
g M
anua
l mai
ntai
ns t
hat
basi
c de
-si
gn c
riter
ia f
or in
ters
ectio
n sh
ould
fol
low
the
fol
low
ing
obje
ctiv
es (3
5.2.
1):
min
imiz
e po
ints
of
conf
lict;
sim
-pl
ify a
reas
of
conf
lict;
lim
it co
nflic
t fr
eque
ncy;
lim
it co
nflic
t se
verit
y. T
he c
ompl
ete
man
ual c
an b
e fo
und
at:
http
://w
ww
.ddo
t.dc
.gov
/ddo
t/cw
p/vi
ew,a
,125
0,q,
6250
12,d
dotN
av,|3
2399
|.asp
C
urr
ent
Co
nd
itio
ns:
Sid
ewal
ks
Side
wal
ks a
re a
fun
dam
enta
l com
pone
nt o
f an
y w
alka
ble
com
mun
ity b
ecau
se t
hey
fost
er s
afe
and
conv
en-
ient
ped
estr
ian
mov
emen
t. S
imila
rly, t
he a
bsen
ce o
f si
dew
alks
can
dis
cour
age
wal
king
and
com
prom
ise
pe-
dest
rian
safe
ty.
Beca
use
of t
his
we
felt
it w
as im
port
ant
to a
sses
s th
e qu
ality
of
the
exis
ting
side
wal
k sy
stem
fo
und
with
in t
he b
ound
arie
s of
our
stu
dy a
rea.
(Th
e sy
stem
tha
t is
ava
ilabl
e to
Eck
ingt
on a
nd E
dgew
ood
resi
dent
s is
the
sam
e sy
stem
tha
t re
side
nts
outs
ide
thes
e ne
ighb
orho
ods
will
use
to
acce
ss t
he M
BT.)
In
gen
eral
, the
sid
ewal
k sy
stem
sur
roun
ding
the
MBT
in o
ur s
tudy
are
a is
rel
ativ
ely
com
preh
ensi
ve.
Ver
y fe
w
stre
ets
wer
e fo
und
to b
e m
issi
ng s
idew
alks
whi
ch is
a s
ign
of f
airly
goo
d co
nnec
tivity
. U
nfor
tuna
tely
, man
y of
the
str
eets
mis
sing
sid
ewal
ks w
ere
the
sam
e st
reet
s w
hich
will
eve
ntua
lly s
erve
as
acce
ss p
oint
s to
the
MBT
(s
ee A
cces
s Po
ints
sec
tion
for
addi
tiona
l inf
orm
atio
n).
How
ever
, the
qua
lity
and
stat
e of
rep
air
of t
he s
idew
alk
syst
em w
as f
ound
to
be r
elat
ivel
y po
or.
In g
ener
al,
side
wal
ks w
ere
narr
ow a
nd u
neve
n, w
ith m
any
sect
ions
hav
ing
been
rep
aire
d w
ith a
spha
lt ra
ther
tha
n co
n-
CU
RR
ENT
PHY
SIC
AL
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
Poor
ly m
ainta
ined
side
walk
.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
52
Cond
ition
of t
he si
dew
alk
on E
dgew
ood
Stre
et N
E.
Cond
ition
of s
idew
alk a
t E
dgew
ood
St. a
nd 8
th S
t. N
E.
Map ID
Loca
tion
Des
crip
tion
AE
dgew
ood
St. N
EU
neve
n su
rfac
e.B
Inte
rsec
tion
of E
dgew
ood
St. a
nd 8
th S
t. N
ECo
ncre
te si
dew
alk h
as b
een
repl
aced
with
asp
halt
surf
ace
and
leads
ped
estri
ans a
cros
s 8th
Stre
et N
E w
hich
has
no
obvi
ous
cros
swalk
. 8t
h St
reet
NE
is a
lso la
ckin
g a
sidew
alk.
CN
E c
orne
r of E
varts
St.
and
4th S
t., N
ESi
dew
alk is
in e
xtre
mely
bad
con
ditio
n (ro
ugh,
une
ven,
nar
row
, m
uddy
, and
ove
rgro
wn
surf
ace)
.D
Trian
gle
shap
ed p
ark
crea
ted
by F
rank
lin S
t., 4
th S
t.,
and
Linc
oln
Rd. N
EN
o sid
ewalk
exi
sts a
roun
d tri
angl
e sh
aped
par
k. S
idew
alk
acro
ss fr
om th
e pa
rk o
n Fr
ankl
in S
treet
is v
ery
narr
ow a
nd h
as
been
pav
ed o
ver w
ith a
spha
lt in
stea
d of
con
cret
e.E
NW
cor
ner o
f Dou
glas
St.
and
3rd S
t. N
EA
spha
lt sid
ewalk
is v
ery
unev
en a
nd si
dew
alk a
cros
s fro
m th
e sc
hool
is u
neve
n an
d na
rrow
.F
2nd S
t. N
E (C
rom
well
St.
to C
hann
ing
St. N
E)
Side
walk
surf
ace
is in
poo
r con
ditio
n.G
Chan
ning
St.
(Lin
coln
St.
to 3
rd S
t. N
E)
No
sidew
alk.
HBr
yant
St.
(Lin
coln
St.
to 2
nd S
t. N
E)
No
sidew
alk.
ILi
ncol
n St
. (Rh
ode
Islan
d A
ve. t
o Fr
ankl
in S
t. N
E)
No
sidew
alk.
JW
St.
NE
(4th
St.
to 5
th S
t. N
E)
Brok
en a
nd p
oorly
main
tain
ed si
dew
alk.
KLa
st b
lock
of
W S
t. N
EN
o sid
ewalk
.L
Last
blo
ck o
f V S
t. N
EN
o sid
ewalk
.M
5th S
t. N
EN
o sid
ewalk
.N
NW
cor
ner o
f U S
t. an
d 4t
h St.
NE
No
sidew
alk e
xist
s for
app
rox.
30
feet
from
cor
ner p
arce
l O
T St
. NE
bet
wee
n 4th
St.
and
5th S
t. N
EN
o sid
ewalk
.P
4th S
t. N
E b
etw
een
Seat
on P
l and
S S
t. N
EN
o sid
ewalk
on
one
side
of th
e st
reet
. Si
dew
alk o
n th
e ot
her
side
of th
e st
reet
is w
ell-m
ainta
ined
but
end
s abr
uptly
.Q
E
dgew
ood
St.,
NE
and
7th
St.,
NE
M
issin
g ad
jacen
t sid
ewalk
R
Ada
ms S
t., N
E a
nd 2
nd S
t., N
E
Miss
ing
adjac
ent s
idew
alk
S To
dd S
t., N
E a
nd 1
st S
t., N
E
Miss
ing
adjac
ent s
idew
alk
T To
dd S
t., N
E a
nd S
umm
it St
., N
E
Miss
ing
adjac
ent s
idew
alk
cret
e. O
ne c
onse
quen
ce o
f th
ese
poor
ly m
aint
aine
d si
dew
alks
is t
hat
the
area
is n
ot p
artic
ular
ly f
riend
ly t
o pe
ople
w
ith p
hysi
cal d
isab
ilitie
s. D
DO
T re
quire
s ne
w s
tree
t pr
ojec
ts in
the
Dis
tric
t to
incl
ude
side
wal
ks o
n bo
th s
ides
of
the
stre
et (2
9.4.
1.2)
Th
is m
ap a
nd t
able
sho
ws
the
loca
tion
of s
idew
alks
tha
t ar
e m
issi
ng o
r in
nee
d of
rep
air.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
53
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
54
Lit P
edes
trian
Tim
ed S
igna
l
Lit P
edes
trian
Sig
nal
Pede
stria
n Si
gnag
e
Cu
rren
t C
on
dit
ion
s: In
ters
ecti
on
s an
d C
ross
ing
s A
sses
sing
the
cur
rent
con
ditio
ns o
f st
reet
inte
rsec
tions
and
ped
estr
ian
cros
sing
s co
nsis
ted
of a
com
plet
e w
alk-
thro
ugh
of t
he s
tudy
are
a. I
nfor
mat
ion
on t
he c
ateg
orie
s lis
ted
belo
w w
as g
athe
red,
ana
lyze
d an
d m
appe
d (a
mat
rix w
ith t
he in
form
atio
n is
incl
uded
in t
he A
ppen
dix.
) Be
low
can
be
foun
d a
gene
ral d
escr
ip-
tion
of e
ach
cate
gory
, an
anal
ysis
of
curr
ent
cond
ition
s, a
nd f
requ
ently
a r
efer
ence
to
DD
OT’
s de
sign
sta
n-da
rds.
St
op, T
raff
ic, a
nd P
edes
tria
n In
dica
tors
at
Inte
rsec
tions
St
op in
dica
tors
incl
ude
stop
ligh
ts a
nd s
top
sign
s. T
raff
ic a
nd p
edes
tria
n in
dica
tors
als
o in
clud
e st
oplig
hts,
bu
t in
clud
e lit
ped
estr
ian
sign
als,
lit
pede
stria
n tim
ed s
igna
ls, a
nd p
edes
tria
n si
gnag
e as
wel
l (se
e ex
ampl
es a
t le
ft).
Bot
h st
op s
igns
and
sig
nals
pro
vide
vis
ual c
lues
to
mot
oris
ts, p
edes
tria
ns, a
nd b
icyc
lists
and
are
nec
es-
sary
to
ensu
re a
saf
e flo
w o
f tr
affic
, with
the
leas
t am
ount
of
conf
lict
betw
een
user
s.
Sinc
e al
l int
erse
ctio
ns in
the
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a ar
e co
nsid
ered
urb
an, D
DO
T re
lies
on v
aria
bles
like
tra
ffic
an
d pe
dest
rian
volu
me
to d
eter
min
e w
hen
traf
fic s
top
sign
s an
d si
gnal
s ar
e w
arra
nted
(40.
2).
Mos
t in
ters
ec-
tions
with
in t
he s
tudy
are
a ar
e on
loca
l and
col
lect
or r
esid
entia
l str
eets
whe
re t
raff
ic v
olum
e is
rel
ativ
ely
low
. Th
eref
ore,
sto
ps a
t in
ters
ectio
n on
low
vol
ume
stre
ets
have
sto
p si
gns
at in
ters
ectio
ns.
Inte
rsec
tions
on
ma-
jor
arte
rial s
tree
ts (i
.e.,
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
. and
Flo
rida
Ave
.) in
clud
e st
op s
igna
ls a
nd o
ther
tra
ffic
and
ped
es-
tria
n in
dica
tors
.
For
this
stu
dy, t
he p
reci
se n
umbe
r of
sto
ps p
er in
ters
ectio
n w
as r
ecor
ded
and
anal
yzed
. (F
or e
xam
ple,
an
inte
rsec
tion
of t
wo
stre
ets
may
incl
ude
four
sto
ps (a
fou
r-w
ay s
top)
or
only
tw
o (o
ne d
irect
ion
of t
raff
ic h
as
the
right
-of-
way
whi
le t
he o
ther
mus
t st
op.)
Thi
s in
form
atio
n w
as u
sed
to d
eter
min
e w
heth
er a
dditi
onal
st
op in
dict
ors
may
be
nece
ssar
y.
Poss
ible
are
as o
f co
nflic
t in
clud
e th
e in
ters
ectio
n of
Eva
rts
St. a
nd E
dgew
ood
St.,
NE
whe
re in
crea
sed
vehi
cle,
bi
cycl
e, o
r pe
dest
rian
traf
fic m
ay w
arra
nt a
n in
crea
se in
the
num
ber
of s
top
sign
s at
an
exis
ting
two-
way
st
op. (
Map
ID: C
) A
t th
e in
ters
ectio
n of
Rho
de Is
land
Ave
. and
the
ent
ryw
ay f
or a
larg
e sh
oppi
ng c
ente
r (ju
st W
est
of 5
th S
t., N
E) v
ehic
les
stop
ped
at t
he s
top
sign
al c
an o
nly
turn
left
or
right
, com
petin
g w
ith p
e-de
stria
ns d
urin
g gr
een
light
inte
rval
s. (
Map
ID: D
). T
he in
ters
ectio
ns o
f N
orth
Cap
itol S
t. &
Qui
ncy
Plac
e, N
E an
d Q
St.
& L
inco
ln S
t., N
E ha
ve m
ultip
le c
ross
ing
poin
ts w
ith s
ever
al t
raff
ic in
dica
tors
and
som
e la
rge
pede
s-tr
ian
refu
ge is
land
s. H
owev
er, t
here
are
no
pede
stria
n in
dica
tors
, for
cing
ped
estr
ians
to
cros
s m
ultip
le la
nes
of t
raff
ic w
ithou
t a
desi
gnat
ed s
igna
l. (M
ap ID
: E)
Sto
p in
dica
tors
are
ent
irely
abs
ent
at t
he in
ters
ectio
ns o
f 4t
h St
., N
E an
d Se
aton
St.
, NE
(Map
ID: A
) an
d 2n
d St
., N
E an
d A
dam
s St
., N
E (M
ap ID
: B).
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
55
Curb
ram
p w
ithin
“ze
bra-
strip
ed”
cr
ossw
alk in
exc
ellen
t con
ditio
n w
ith ra
ised
trunc
ated
dom
e.
landi
ng o
n ra
mp.
Und
esira
ble
curb
ram
p pl
acem
ent i
n a
two-
strip
ed c
ross
walk
.
Mar
ked
Cro
ssw
alks
C
ross
wal
ks s
houl
d co
mm
unic
ate
to m
otor
ists
tha
t th
ey s
houl
d yi
eld
to p
edes
tria
ns, t
houg
h pe
dest
rians
al-
way
s ha
ve t
he r
ight
of
way
at
inte
rsec
tions
, eve
n if
cros
swal
k m
arki
ngs
are
non-
exis
tent
. C
ross
wal
ks t
hat
are
the
mos
t ef
fect
ive
prov
ide
pede
stria
ns w
ith a
sen
se o
f se
curit
y by
usi
ng s
igna
ge a
nd p
rovi
ding
cro
ssw
alk
amen
ities
tha
t ar
e cl
early
mar
ked
and
high
ly v
isib
le.
DD
OT’
s st
anda
rds
spec
ify t
he r
oad
clas
sific
atio
ns w
here
m
arke
d cr
ossw
alks
are
man
dato
ry (4
3.7)
. T
heir
guid
elin
es s
tate
tha
t tw
o-st
ripe
cros
s w
alks
mus
t be
6”
whi
te li
nes
that
are
at
leas
t 10
ft.
long
(43.
7.1)
. T
he t
wo-
strip
e de
sign
is o
nly
effe
ctiv
e w
here
mot
oris
ts
mai
ntai
n a
slow
spe
ed, s
ince
vis
ibili
ty o
f th
e tw
o-st
ripe
desi
gn is
lim
ited
to 1
00 f
eet.
Str
iped
cro
ssw
alks
or
“zeb
ra-s
trip
ed”
are
thic
k st
ripes
pai
nted
with
in t
he c
ross
wal
k, c
reat
ing
a m
ore
visi
ble
desi
gnat
ed c
ross
ing
area
. Th
is is
mor
e ef
fect
ive
for
stre
ets
with
tra
ffic
mov
ing
at h
ighe
r sp
eeds
, sin
ce t
hese
cro
ssw
alks
are
mor
e vi
sibl
e.
Mos
t in
ters
ectio
ns o
bser
ved
had
a st
anda
rd t
wo-
strip
e cr
ossw
alk
desi
gn.
A s
igni
fican
t am
ount
of
the
two-
strip
e cr
ossw
alks
nee
d re
pain
ting,
and
som
e in
ters
ectio
ns d
id n
ot h
ave
mar
ked
cros
swal
k in
dica
tors
at
all.
Th
e co
nditi
on o
f m
arke
d cr
ossw
alks
is in
dica
ted
in t
he m
atrix
of
the
Tech
nica
l App
endi
x.
Som
e st
riped
cro
ssw
alks
nee
d re
pain
ting
(Rho
de Is
land
Ave
., N
E an
d N
orth
Cap
itol S
t., 4
th S
t. a
nd R
hode
Is-
land
Ave
., N
E –
Map
ID: K
) and
som
e ba
sic
two-
strip
e cr
ossw
alks
may
nee
d to
be
pain
ted
with
zeb
ra-s
trip
es
to in
crea
se p
edes
tria
n vi
sibi
lity
whe
re v
ehic
les
trav
el f
aste
r th
an t
he d
esig
nate
d sp
eed
limit
(6th S
t. a
nd
Fran
klin
St.
, NE
– M
ap ID
: L)
(See
exa
mpl
e pi
ctur
es.)
The
need
for
cle
ar, a
ppro
pria
te c
ross
wal
k m
arki
ngs
is e
spec
ially
impo
rtan
t in
red
ucin
g co
nflic
t at
inte
rsec
-tio
ns.
Stre
ets
that
are
use
d to
acc
ess
the
trai
l cor
ridor
may
rec
eive
incr
ease
s in
bic
ycle
and
ped
estr
ian
traf
fic
that
may
war
rant
a f
urth
er e
xam
inat
ion
of c
ross
wal
k m
arki
ngs.
C
urb
Ram
ps
DD
OT
mus
t co
mpl
ete
proj
ects
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith t
he A
mer
ican
Dis
abili
ties
Act
(AD
A) d
esig
n gu
idel
ines
(2
9.5)
. Ra
mps
on
curb
s sh
ould
pro
vide
eas
e of
acc
ess
to t
hose
with
mob
ility
impa
irmen
ts.
Cur
rent
ly, c
urb
ram
ps a
re b
eing
rep
lace
d on
the
Rho
de Is
land
Ave
. cor
ridor
and
are
des
igne
d to
hav
e a
larg
e la
ndin
g ar
ea
with
rai
sed
trun
cate
d do
mes
to
acco
mm
odat
e vi
sual
ly im
paire
d pe
dest
rians
(exa
mpl
e pi
ctur
e).
How
ever
, on
seve
ral r
esid
entia
l and
col
lect
or s
tree
ts, c
urb
ram
p pl
acem
ent
is p
oor,
or
curb
ram
ps d
o no
t ex
ist
on e
very
in
ters
ectio
n co
rner
(2nd
St.
, NE
at t
he in
ters
ectio
n of
V S
t., N
E an
d To
dd S
t., N
E an
d th
e in
ters
ectio
n of
4th
St
., N
E an
d Rh
ode
Isla
nd A
ve.,
NE
— M
ap ID
: F, G
, H r
espe
ctiv
ely)
. M
any
inte
rsec
tions
hav
e na
rrow
ram
ps
that
nec
essi
tate
tw
o ra
mps
per
cor
ner.
The
refo
re, a
fou
r-w
ay in
ters
ectio
n m
ay h
ave
up t
o ei
ght
curb
ram
ps.
The
appe
ndix
ref
lect
s th
e am
ount
of
ram
ps p
rese
nt p
er in
ters
ectio
n. F
or e
xam
ple,
the
re is
onl
y on
e na
rrow
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
56
curb
ram
p at
the
thr
ee-w
ay in
ters
ectio
n of
2nd
St.
and
Ran
dolp
h St
. Th
e da
ta c
olle
cted
sho
ws
the
frac
tion
“1/6
” to
rep
rese
nt t
his
stat
us. W
hile
the
re a
re im
prov
emen
ts b
eing
mad
e to
enh
ance
ped
estr
ian
faci
litie
s by
al
low
ing
for
larg
er, m
ore
freq
uent
cur
b ra
mps
, the
re a
re s
ever
al in
ters
ectio
ns w
here
the
ram
ps a
re in
dis
re-
pair
or a
re n
on-e
xist
ent.
Ph
ysic
al O
bstr
uctio
ns
Mos
t si
dew
alks
at
inte
rsec
tions
do
not
have
phy
sica
l bar
riers
tha
t w
ould
pro
hibi
t sa
fe a
cces
s to
cro
ssw
alks
. So
me
note
d ph
ysic
al o
bstr
uctio
ns in
clud
ed la
rge
tree
s, u
tility
pol
es, a
nd g
arba
ge r
ecep
tacl
es t
hat
may
im-
pede
upo
n cr
ossw
alk
acce
ss.
Als
o, c
onst
ruct
ion
proj
ects
on
seve
ral s
tree
ts a
s w
ell a
s pa
rked
car
s co
mpl
etel
y bl
ocke
d ac
cess
to
the
side
wal
k. (o
n th
e R
St.,
NE
corr
idor
– b
etw
een
Nor
th C
apito
l St.
, Lin
coln
St.
, NE,
and
3rd
St.
, NE
– M
ap ID
: I)
Refu
ge Is
land
/Rai
sed
Med
ian
Pede
stria
n re
fuge
isla
nds
or r
aise
d m
edia
ns a
re s
mal
l are
as o
f pa
vem
ent
that
div
ide
road
way
s, p
rovi
ding
a
plac
e fo
r pe
dest
rians
to
stop
bef
ore
cont
inui
ng t
o cr
oss.
Ref
uge
isla
nds
are
usua
lly b
uilt
whe
re t
here
are
sev
-er
al la
nes
of t
raff
ic a
nd t
he w
idth
of
a st
reet
is t
oo lo
ng t
o sa
fely
cro
ss in
one
trip
. D
DO
T re
fere
nces
AD
A
requ
irem
ents
for
ref
uge
isla
nds
indi
catin
g a
min
imum
leng
th o
f 6
ft. w
hen
road
wid
th is
ove
r 25
ft
(29.
10).
Th
ere
are
refu
ge is
land
s an
d ra
ised
med
ians
on
the
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
., N
E an
d N
orth
Cap
itol S
t., c
orrid
ors
(Map
ID: J
). N
orth
Cap
itol S
t. c
onta
ins
a va
riety
of
pede
stria
n re
fuge
isla
nds
and
a ve
ry n
arro
w m
edia
n w
hich
see
min
gly
delin
eate
s a
sect
ion
of r
oadw
ay t
hat
bran
ches
into
tw
o se
ctio
ns.
Mos
t st
reet
s w
ithin
the
st
udy
area
do
not
war
rant
the
use
of
refu
ge is
land
s or
med
ians
. A
cces
s ro
utes
to
the
trai
l cor
ridor
tha
t in
ter-
sect
hea
vy t
raff
ic r
oadw
ays
like
Rhod
e Is
land
sho
uld
incl
ude
area
s re
fuge
isla
nds
to e
nsur
e sa
fe p
edes
tria
n an
d bi
cycl
e cr
ossi
ng.
Scho
ol C
ross
ings
Th
ere
are
seve
ral p
ublic
and
priv
ate
scho
ols
with
in t
he s
tudy
are
a. D
ue t
o th
e tim
e of
day
tha
t th
e ph
ysic
al
asse
ssm
ent
was
con
duct
ed (1
0 a.
m. t
o 2
p.m
.), n
o cr
ossi
ng g
uard
s w
ere
obse
rved
at
inte
rsec
tions
with
in
clos
e pr
oxim
ity t
o th
e sc
hool
s. S
choo
l cro
ssin
gs w
ere
desi
gnat
ed b
y pe
dest
rian
sign
s an
d a
redu
ced
spee
d lim
it si
gn “
Whe
n C
hild
ren
Are
Pre
sent
.” N
o si
gns
wer
e ob
serv
ed t
o sp
ecifi
cally
des
igna
te a
“Sc
hool
Cro
ss-
ing”
. A
t on
e lo
catio
n, a
ser
ies
of in
ters
ectio
ns w
ithin
clo
se p
roxi
mity
to
McK
inle
y Te
chno
logy
Hig
h Sc
hool
(2
nd S
t. a
nd S
St.
, NE
– M
ap ID
: M) d
id n
ot h
ave
mar
ked
cros
swal
ks, c
urb
ram
ps, o
r pe
dest
rian
sign
s. A
n-ot
her
serie
s of
bus
y in
ters
ectio
ns w
ith h
eavy
str
eet
traf
fic is
loca
ted
near
DC
Pre
para
tory
Sch
ool.
Nea
r th
e in
ters
ectio
n of
Edg
ewoo
d an
d 8th
Str
eets
, NE
ther
e ar
e no
mar
ked
cros
swal
ks o
r pe
dest
rian
sign
s to
indi
cate
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
57
the
pres
ence
of
child
ren
(Map
ID: N
). T
his
area
is a
lso
disc
usse
d in
the
sub
ject
sec
tion,
‘Acc
ess
Poin
ts’,
be-
caus
e of
its
prox
imity
to
the
trai
l cor
ridor
.
Lane
s of
Tra
ffic
Cro
ssed
Re
cord
ing
the
num
ber
of t
raff
ic la
nes
cros
sed
prov
ides
con
text
to
the
inte
rsec
tions
in t
he s
tudy
are
a. O
n la
rge
arte
rial s
tree
ts li
ke R
hode
Isla
nd A
ve. a
nd N
orth
Cap
itol S
t., p
edes
tria
ns m
ust
cros
s up
to
6 la
nes
(2
flow
ing
traf
fic la
nes
and
one
com
mut
er/p
arke
d ca
r la
ne in
eac
h di
rect
ion)
. A
s m
entio
ned
abov
e, t
hese
roa
d-w
ays
incl
ude
refu
ge is
land
s or
rai
sed
med
ians
for
ped
estr
ian
to c
ross
saf
ely.
Mos
t lo
cal a
nd c
olle
ctor
str
eets
co
nsis
t of
2 f
low
ing
traf
fic la
nes
(one
in e
ach
dire
ctio
n) a
nd o
ne o
r tw
o pa
rked
car
lane
s. A
cces
sing
the
tra
il co
rrid
or v
ia r
esid
entia
l str
eets
may
be
pref
erab
le t
o us
ing
rout
es t
hat
incl
ude
larg
er r
oadw
ays
with
sev
eral
la
nes
of t
raff
ic.
Spee
d of
Tra
ffic
U
nles
s ot
herw
ise
note
d, m
otor
ist
mus
t ob
serv
e a
max
imum
spe
ed li
mit
of 2
5 m
ph.
Asi
de f
rom
maj
or a
rter
ial
stre
ets,
mos
t of
the
str
eets
in t
he s
tudy
are
a po
st 2
5 m
ph s
peed
lim
it si
gns.
Som
e st
reet
s cl
ose
to s
choo
ls
have
red
uced
spe
ed li
mit
sign
s (“
15 m
ph W
hen
Chi
ldre
n ar
e Pr
esen
t”),
alth
ough
tra
ffic
app
ears
to
trav
el a
t a
muc
h fa
ster
spe
eds
in c
erta
in a
reas
(i.e
., Ed
gew
ood
St. a
nd F
rank
lin S
t., N
E).
Stre
ets
clos
e to
the
PEP
CO
sub
-st
atio
n re
ceiv
e he
avy
truc
k tr
affic
(alo
ng 3
rd. S
t., N
E –
Map
ID: O
). L
arge
tru
cks
and
othe
r m
otor
ists
wer
e ob
serv
ed t
rave
ling
notic
eabl
y fa
ster
tha
n th
e po
sted
15
mph
on
som
e st
reet
sec
tions
. Si
nce
this
are
a m
ay
serv
e as
a m
ain
acce
ss r
oute
to
the
trai
l cor
ridor
, pro
visi
ons
shou
ld b
e ta
ken
to b
ette
r en
forc
e tr
affic
spe
eds
and
limit
the
volu
me
of t
ruck
tra
ffic
. V
isib
ility
of
traf
fic a
nd p
edes
tria
ns
Inte
rsec
tions
in t
he s
tudy
are
a w
ere
also
exa
min
ed f
or t
he p
erce
ived
vis
ibili
ty o
f pe
dest
rians
to
traf
fic a
nd o
f cr
ossi
ng t
raff
ic t
o pe
dest
rians
. D
ata
reco
rded
in t
he m
atrix
con
veys
the
per
ceiv
ed v
isib
ility
by
the
asse
ssor
s.
Gen
eral
ly, c
ross
ing
traf
fic is
ver
y vi
sibl
e to
ped
estr
ians
at
inte
rsec
tions
in t
he s
tudy
are
a an
d vi
sibi
lity
of p
edes
-tr
ian
to m
otor
ists
is r
easo
nabl
e. I
nter
sect
ions
with
low
vis
ibili
ty t
o ei
ther
ped
estr
ians
or
mot
oris
ts m
ay b
e en
hanc
ed b
y pr
ovid
ing
adeq
uate
mar
king
s fo
r cr
ossw
alks
, or
elim
inat
ing
on-s
tree
t pa
rked
car
s at
som
e co
r-ne
rs.
Ligh
ting
Alth
ough
the
ass
essm
ent
was
con
duct
ed d
urin
g th
e da
y, li
ghtin
g at
inte
rsec
tions
was
not
ed/m
arke
d ad
e-qu
ate
due
to t
he v
isib
le p
rese
nce
of li
ghtin
g fix
ture
s cl
ose
to c
ross
wal
ks.
How
ever
, req
uire
men
ts f
or li
ghtin
g on
res
iden
tial s
tree
ts a
re d
esig
ned
to li
mit
the
amou
nt o
f ill
umin
atio
n pr
ojec
ted
into
res
iden
t’s
hom
es
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
58
Map
ID
Inte
rsec
tin
g St
reet
sIs
sue
A
4th S
t., N
E
Seat
on S
t., N
E
Stop
indi
cato
r abs
ent
B 2n
d St.,
NE
A
dam
s St.,
NE
St
op in
dica
tor a
bsen
t
C E
varts
St.,
NE
E
dgew
ood
St.,
NE
M
ay n
eed
addi
tiona
l sto
p in
dica
tors
D
Wes
t of 5
th S
t., N
E
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
., N
E
Traf
fic c
ompe
tes d
irect
ly w
ith p
edes
trian
s
E
Nor
th C
apito
l St.,
NE
/ L
inco
ln S
t., N
E
Qui
ncy
Plac
e, N
E /
Q S
t., N
E
Miss
ing
pede
stria
n in
dica
tors
F 4t
h St.,
NE
Rh
ode
Islan
d A
ve.,
NE
Cu
rb ra
mp
miss
ing
or n
eeds
repa
ir
G
2nd S
t., N
E
V S
t., N
E
Curb
ram
p m
issin
g or
nee
ds re
pair
H
2nd S
t., N
E
Todd
St.,
NE
Cu
rb ra
mp
miss
ing
or n
eeds
repa
ir
I R
St.,
NE
N
orth
Cap
itol S
t./Li
ncol
n St
., N
E/
3rd
St.,
NE
Si
dew
alk a
cces
s blo
cked
due
to c
onst
ruct
ion
and
park
ed c
ars.
J Rh
ode
Islan
d A
ve.,
NE
Exa
mpl
e of
ped
estri
an re
fuge
islan
d
K
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
., N
E/N
orth
Cap
itol S
t. Rh
ode
Islan
d A
ve.,
NE
/4th
St.,
NE
St
riped
cro
ssw
alk n
eeds
repa
inte
d
L 6t
h St
., N
E
Fran
klin
St.,
NE
Ba
sic tw
o st
ripe
cros
swalk
may
nee
d to
be
repa
inte
d as
zeb
ra
M
2nd
St.,
NE
S
St.,
NE
In
ters
ectio
ns lo
cate
d ne
ar sc
hool
do
not
have
cro
ssw
alks,
curb
ram
ps, o
r ped
estri
an
signs
.
N
Edg
ewoo
d St
., N
E
8th
St.,
NE
N
o m
arke
d cr
ossw
alks o
r ped
estri
an si
gns
to in
dica
te p
rese
nce
of c
hild
ren.
O
3r
d St
., N
E
Inte
rsec
ting
stre
ets n
orth
of P
EPC
O
subs
tatio
nH
eavy
truc
k tra
ffic.
(41.
1.2)
. D
DO
T st
anda
rds
sugg
est
inte
rsec
tion
light
ing
at t
he lo
cal s
tree
t le
vel p
rovi
de f
or a
t le
ast
one
lit c
orne
r. C
ompa
red
to li
ghtin
g st
anda
rds
set
for
resi
dent
ial a
nd c
olle
ctor
str
eets
, the
sta
ndar
ds s
tipul
ate
for
incr
ease
d lig
htin
g on
ped
estr
ian/
bike
wal
kway
s by
ap-
prox
imat
ely
50-1
00 w
atts
as
wel
l as
a hi
gher
pla
cem
ent
freq
uenc
y ra
tio (4
1.4.
2).
Loca
l res
iden
tial s
tree
ts t
hat
coul
d po
tent
ially
ser
ve
as a
cces
s ro
utes
to
the
trai
l may
nee
d in
crea
sed
light
ing
at in
ters
ectio
ns a
nd o
n st
reet
s th
emse
lves
.
Th
is m
ap a
nd t
able
sho
ws
the
loca
tion
of in
ters
ectio
ns t
hat
need
add
ition
al s
afet
y de
vice
s or
are
in n
eed
of r
epai
r.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
59
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
60
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
61
Acc
ess p
oint
at W
Stre
et
Acc
ess p
oint
at E
dgew
ood
and
8th
Cu
rren
t C
on
dit
ion
s: A
cces
s Po
ints
A
cces
s po
ints
are
the
pla
ces
alon
g a
trai
l whe
re t
he c
omm
unity
can
acc
ess
the
trai
l. T
hese
can
tak
e th
e fo
rm
of a
tra
ilhea
d w
ith d
esig
nate
d pa
rkin
g, b
ike
rack
s, r
estr
oom
and
an
info
rmat
iona
l kio
sk o
r ca
n be
sim
pler
in
form
, suc
h as
a n
eigh
borh
ood
stre
et o
r pa
thw
ay t
hat
conn
ects
to
the
trai
l. T
he m
ore
acce
ss p
oint
s (t
hat
are
safe
and
att
ract
ive)
, the
eas
ier
for
the
com
mun
ity t
o ac
cess
the
tra
il. T
he e
asie
r th
e tr
ail i
s to
acc
ess,
the
m
ore
it w
ill b
e us
ed.
Thou
gh t
his
may
sou
nd o
bvio
us, f
requ
ently
com
mun
ity a
men
ities
are
des
igne
d w
ith
limite
d ac
cess
poi
nts.
For
exa
mpl
e, p
arks
oft
en h
ave
one
entr
ance
. Th
e ty
pica
l rea
soni
ng is
tha
t lim
ited
ac-
cess
is e
asie
r to
con
trol
and
the
refo
re, s
afer
. H
owev
er, i
n th
e ca
se o
f tr
ails
(and
oth
er c
omm
unity
am
eniti
es)
an in
crea
se in
use
(and
the
refo
re, “
eyes
on
the
stre
et”)
will
enh
ance
saf
ety.
A
cces
s Po
int
at E
dgew
ood
and
8th
Stre
et (
Map
ID: A
) Th
e tr
ail c
orrid
or c
an b
e ac
cess
ed a
t th
e in
ters
ectio
n of
Edg
ewoo
d an
d 8t
h St
reet
s. T
here
is a
slig
ht g
rade
ch
ange
bet
wee
n th
e st
reet
and
the
cor
ridor
. A
ll si
dew
alks
are
in p
oor
cond
ition
or
are
non-
exis
tent
.. T
here
ar
e no
cro
ssw
alks
. Th
ere
are
no c
urb
ram
ps.
This
will
be
an e
spec
ially
impo
rtan
t ac
cess
poi
nt f
or t
he
neig
hbor
hood
. Th
is is
cur
rent
ly t
he lo
catio
n of
a n
umbe
r of
DC
pub
lic c
hart
er s
choo
ls a
nd w
ill b
e th
e m
ost
dire
ct a
cces
s po
int
for
the
850-
unit
Edge
woo
d Te
rrac
e ap
artm
ents
. A
cces
s Po
int
at W
Str
eet
(Map
ID: B
) W
Str
eet
ends
at
the
trai
l cor
ridor
. Th
e bl
ock
of W
Str
eet
adja
cent
to
the
trai
l has
lim
ited
side
wal
ks a
nd c
ars
park
indi
scrim
inat
ely
on s
idew
alks
and
alo
ng t
he s
tree
t. O
n th
e so
uth
side
of
the
stre
et a
ppro
xim
atel
y 50
%
of t
he s
idew
alks
are
inta
ct.
On
the
nort
h si
de, t
here
are
sub
-sta
ndar
d si
dew
alks
(no
curb
s) a
long
the
ent
ire
bloc
k an
d ca
rs p
ark
on t
he s
idew
alk
alon
g ap
prox
imat
ely
70%
of
the
bloc
k. A
t th
e in
ters
ectio
n of
W S
tree
t an
d 5t
h St
reet
(the
firs
t in
ters
ectio
n fr
om t
he t
rail)
the
re a
re n
o cr
ossw
alks
. W
Str
eet
coul
d be
com
e a
trai
l co
nnec
tion
and
wou
ld b
e ac
cess
es b
y us
ers
trav
elin
g al
ong
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
62
Acc
ess p
oint
at V
Stre
et
Acc
ess p
oint
at T
Stre
et
Acc
ess
Poin
t at
V S
tree
t (M
ap ID
: C)
V S
tree
t en
ds a
t th
e tr
ail c
orrid
or.
Ther
e is
a s
light
gra
de-s
epar
atio
n be
twee
n th
e tr
ail c
orrid
or a
nd t
he s
tree
t.
The
first
blo
ck a
nd a
hal
f of
V S
tree
t (a
djac
ent
to t
he t
rail
corr
idor
) is
mad
e up
of
light
indu
stria
l bui
ldin
gs
incl
udin
g an
asp
halt
plan
t to
the
sou
th.
Beyo
nd t
he li
ght-
indu
stria
l use
s ar
e a
smal
l com
mer
cial
are
a fo
l-lo
wed
by
resi
dent
ial n
eigh
borh
oods
. T
here
are
no
side
wal
ks o
n ei
ther
sid
e of
V S
tree
t an
d ve
hicl
es p
ark
in-
disc
rimin
atel
y al
ongs
ide
the
exis
ting
war
ehou
ses.
Onl
y th
ree
of t
he f
our
cros
swal
ks a
re in
tact
at
the
inte
rsec
-tio
n of
V S
tree
t an
d 5t
h St
reet
and
the
re is
no
side
wal
k on
5th
Str
eet
betw
een
V S
tree
t an
d T
stre
et.
The
east
sid
e of
thi
s bl
ock
has
been
bar
ricad
ed a
nd is
bei
ng u
sed
as a
driv
eway
for
the
asp
halt
plan
t. I
n ad
ditio
n to
ser
ving
as
a tr
ail c
onne
ctio
n to
res
iden
ts in
the
are
a, t
he V
Str
eet
conn
ectio
n w
ill u
ltim
atel
y pl
ay a
n im
por-
tant
rol
e in
the
city
’s b
icyc
le n
etw
ork.
V S
tree
t is
the
saf
est
and
mos
t di
rect
rou
te f
rom
the
Met
ropo
litan
Br
anch
Tra
il to
How
ard
Uni
vers
ity a
nd a
ctiv
ities
alo
ng t
he U
Str
eet
corr
idor
(alth
ough
uns
afe
inte
rsec
tions
ex
ist
alon
g th
e w
ay, e
spec
ially
V S
tree
t in
ters
ectin
g w
ith R
hode
Isla
nd a
nd F
lorid
a A
venu
es).
Acc
ess
Poin
t at
T S
tree
t (M
ap ID
: D)
T St
reet
end
s at
the
tra
il co
rrid
or.
Ther
e ar
e no
sid
ewal
ks o
n ei
ther
sid
e of
the
str
eet.
Per
pend
icul
ar p
arki
ng
spac
es e
xist
on
the
sout
h si
de o
f th
e st
reet
and
the
re is
am
ple
room
to
build
a s
idew
alk.
To
the
sout
h is
lo-
cate
d th
e hi
stor
ical
“Sa
nita
ry G
roce
ry”,
the
orig
inal
war
ehou
se f
or w
hat
beca
me
toda
y’s
Safe
way
. O
n th
e no
rth
side
is t
he U
.S. P
osta
l Ser
vice
Cap
ital V
ehic
le M
aint
enan
ce B
uild
ing
with
num
erou
s lo
adin
g ba
ys.
The
cros
swal
ks a
t th
e in
ters
ectio
n of
T S
tree
t an
d 4t
h St
reet
are
dec
ently
mar
ked.
T s
tree
t co
uld
be a
n im
port
ant
neig
hbor
hood
con
nect
ion.
It
conn
ects
with
the
nor
ther
n te
rmin
us o
f M
cKin
ley
Tech
sch
ool a
s w
ell a
s m
uch
of t
he E
ckin
gton
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
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Acc
ess p
oint
at S
Stre
et
Acc
ess p
oint
at R
ando
lph
Plac
e
Acc
ess p
oint
at R
Stre
et
Acc
ess
Poin
t at
R S
tree
t (M
ap ID
: G)
R St
reet
end
s at
the
tra
il co
rrid
or.
Ther
e is
a s
idew
alk
on t
he n
orth
sid
e of
the
str
eet;
how
ever
, app
roxi
mat
ely
50 f
eet
of it
con
sist
s of
load
ing
bays
with
car
s pa
rked
on
the
side
wal
k. T
here
is n
o si
dew
alk
on t
he s
outh
si
de.
R St
reet
will
bec
ome
a m
ajor
con
nect
or.
Ther
e is
a d
ense
res
iden
tial a
rea
arou
nd t
his
conn
ectio
n, it
is
the
mos
t di
rect
acc
ess
poin
t fo
r st
uden
ts a
nd t
each
ers
ente
ring
McK
inle
y Te
ch H
igh
Scho
ol, a
nd it
is t
he m
ost
dire
ct a
nd s
afes
t ro
ute
for
resi
dent
s w
ho w
ish
to a
cces
s th
e N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
Met
ro S
tatio
n.
Acc
ess
Poin
t at
S S
tree
t (M
ap ID
: S)
S St
reet
end
s at
the
tra
il co
rrid
or.
Side
wal
ks e
xist
on
both
sid
es o
f th
e st
reet
. Th
ey a
re, h
owev
er, i
nter
-sp
erse
d w
ith d
rivew
ays
lead
ing
to lo
adin
g do
cks
and
are
ofte
n th
e si
te o
f pa
rked
car
s. (
On
the
nort
h si
de a
re
appr
oxim
atel
y 30
0 fe
et o
f lo
adin
g ba
ys a
nd o
n th
e so
uth
side
are
app
roxi
mat
ely
500
feet
of
driv
eway
s.)
The
side
wal
k al
ong
4th
Stre
et b
etw
een
S St
reet
and
Sea
ton
Plac
e is
in v
ery
poor
con
ditio
n. A
t th
is c
onne
ctio
n po
int,
S S
tree
t of
fers
bea
utifu
l vie
ws
of t
he h
isto
ric M
cKin
ley
Tech
Hig
h Sc
hool
bui
ldin
g. A
lthou
gh t
he H
igh
Scho
ol e
ntra
nce
is lo
cate
d on
R S
tree
t, s
tude
nts
may
use
S S
tree
t to
acc
ess
the
scho
ol a
s w
ell.
(Cur
rent
ly,
ther
e is
no
cros
swal
k fr
om S
Str
eet—
acro
ss 2
nd S
tree
t—to
rea
ch M
cKin
ley
Tech
Hig
h Sc
hool
.) A
cces
s Po
int
at R
ando
lph
Plac
e (M
ap ID
: F)
Rand
olph
Pla
ce e
nds
at t
he t
rail
corr
idor
. Th
ere
is a
com
plet
e si
dew
alk
on b
oth
side
s of
the
str
eet;
how
ever
, it
is in
poo
r co
nditi
on.
On
the
nort
h si
de c
ars
park
on
the
side
wal
k fo
r ap
prox
imat
ely
100
feet
. A
love
ly m
u-ra
l has
bee
n pa
inte
d on
the
nor
ther
n w
all (
faci
ng t
he t
rail
corr
idor
) and
the
sou
ther
n si
te is
the
loca
tion
of
the
hist
oric
al N
atio
nal G
eogr
aphi
c So
ciet
y bu
ildin
g cu
rren
tly b
eing
use
d by
D.C
. Pub
lic S
choo
ls a
s a
mai
nte-
nanc
e an
d tr
ansp
orta
tion
build
ing.
Ran
dolp
h Pl
ace
will
act
as
a ne
ighb
orho
od c
onne
ctor
as
wel
l as
an a
cces
s po
int
for
McK
inle
y Te
ch H
igh
Scho
ol s
tude
nts.
Alth
ough
the
sch
ool’s
ent
ranc
e is
on
R st
reet
, stu
dent
s m
ay
use
Rand
olph
as
wel
l. (C
urre
ntly
, the
re is
no
cros
swal
k fr
om R
ando
lph
Plac
e—ac
ross
2nd
Str
eet—
to r
each
M
cKin
ley
Tech
Hig
h Sc
hool
.)
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
64
Cu
rren
t C
on
dit
ion
s: L
arg
e Pa
rcel
s La
rge
parc
els
are
appa
rent
on
the
stud
y ar
ea m
ap a
nd in
clud
e si
gnifi
cant
ly s
ized
sec
tions
of
land
with
out
easi
ly a
cces
sibl
e th
orou
ghfa
res.
By
limiti
ng t
he f
requ
ency
of
tran
spor
tatio
n ac
cess
, lar
ge p
arce
ls o
ften
for
ce
pede
stria
ns a
nd b
icyc
lists
to
be r
oute
d ar
ound
the
loca
tion,
incr
easi
ng t
rave
l dis
tanc
e an
d de
crea
sing
acc
ess
to o
ther
are
as.
The
larg
e pa
rcel
s in
clud
ed in
the
stu
dy a
rea
are
show
n on
the
bas
e m
ap a
nd p
rovi
de a
cle
arer
pi
ctur
e of
how
tra
il ac
cess
may
be
affe
cted
. Th
ere
are
seve
ral l
arge
par
cels
in t
he s
outh
ern
vici
nity
of
the
stud
y ar
ea n
ear
New
Yor
k A
ve.
C
urr
ent
Co
nd
itio
ns:
Bic
ycle
Infr
astr
uct
ure
Th
e pr
eced
ing
sect
ion
prov
ided
a f
ocus
ed v
iew
of
urba
n de
sign
con
ditio
ns in
the
stu
dy a
rea.
Bic
yclis
ts w
ill,
how
ever
, tra
vel f
rom
a s
light
ly la
rger
cat
chm
ent
area
. Thi
s se
ctio
n pr
ovid
es a
larg
er o
verv
iew
of
bicy
clin
g co
n-di
tions
in t
he g
ener
al a
rea
alon
g th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail c
orrid
or.
Whi
le m
uch
of t
he D
istr
ict
of C
olum
bia
has
an in
terc
onne
cted
str
eet
grid
and
a w
ell-a
rtic
ulat
ed p
arks
and
tr
ails
sys
tem
tha
t pr
ovid
es e
xcel
lent
con
ditio
ns f
or b
icyc
ling,
are
as s
uch
as t
he N
orth
east
hav
e si
gnifi
cant
bar
-rie
rs t
hat
help
to
wea
ken
the
bicy
clin
g co
nnec
tivity
. Cur
rent
ly, t
he M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h co
rrid
or a
cts
as o
ne
of t
he m
ost
sign
ifica
nt b
arrie
rs t
o bi
cycl
e tr
affic
in t
he D
istr
ict.
The
are
a is
cur
rent
ly d
omin
ated
by
rail
lines
an
d ca
r-or
ient
ed s
tree
ts t
hat
mak
e bi
cycl
ing
diff
icul
t. W
hen
com
plet
ed, h
owev
er, t
he M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail w
ill o
ffer
a p
ositi
ve li
nkag
e th
roug
h th
ese
sign
ifica
nt b
arrie
rs o
peni
ng u
p th
e po
ssib
ility
of
bicy
clin
g to
m
any
neig
hbor
hood
s th
at a
re n
ow h
ave
limite
d bi
cycl
ing
acce
ss. T
his
sect
ion
anal
yzes
cur
rent
bic
yclin
g co
n-di
tions
in a
nd a
roun
d th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h C
orrid
or. I
t dr
aws
from
the
dat
a an
alys
is e
stab
lishe
d in
the
re
cent
ly p
ublis
hed
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a Bi
cycl
e M
aste
r Pl
an (2
005)
. K
ey F
eatu
res
Iden
tifie
d by
the
Dis
tric
t Bi
cycl
e M
aste
r Pl
an
Cur
rent
ly t
here
are
few
fac
ilitie
s av
aila
ble
for
bicy
clin
g th
at c
onne
ct t
o th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h co
rrid
or. T
he
map
of
bicy
clin
g fa
cilit
ies
in t
he D
istr
ict
Bicy
cle
Plan
sho
ws
that
the
sig
ned
rout
e on
Rho
de Is
land
Ave
. and
a
smal
l spu
r tr
ail o
n th
e no
rthe
rn p
art
of t
he M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail a
re t
he o
nly
desi
gnat
ed b
icyc
le f
acili
ties
that
imm
edia
tely
con
nect
to
the
corr
idor
. Whi
le t
here
is a
noth
er s
igne
d ro
ute
just
to
the
wes
t of
the
cor
ridor
, m
ajor
, hig
her-
volu
me
stre
ets
imm
edia
tely
adj
acen
t to
the
cor
ridor
are
not
par
ticul
arly
con
duci
ve t
o bi
cycl
ing.
Th
is li
mite
d co
nnec
tivity
mak
es a
cces
s to
the
cor
ridor
diff
icul
t in
som
e lo
catio
ns.
The
Dis
tric
t Bi
cycl
e M
aste
r Pl
an h
elpe
d to
qua
ntify
the
se c
ondi
tions
thr
ough
a B
icyc
le L
evel
of
Serv
ice
Ana
lysi
s (B
LOS)
of
Dis
tric
t st
reet
s. T
he a
naly
sis
exam
ined
“la
ne a
nd s
houl
der
wid
th, s
peed
lim
it, p
avem
ent
cond
ition
,
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
65
and
on-s
tree
t pa
rkin
g da
ta”
(p. 1
3) t
o de
term
ine
the
cond
ition
s fo
r bi
cycl
ing
on s
elec
ted
Dis
tric
t st
reet
s. T
he
anal
ysis
est
ablis
hed
a bi
cycl
e ra
ting
scal
e of
A (b
est)
to
F (w
orst
) for
Dis
tric
t st
reet
s.
Unf
ortu
nate
ly, t
he m
ajor
str
eets
con
nect
ing
to t
he M
et B
ranc
h C
orrid
or d
o no
t ra
te w
ell.
Alo
ng t
he e
ntire
le
ngth
of
the
corr
idor
the
re is
no
cont
inuo
us s
et o
f st
reet
s th
at p
rovi
des
acce
ss a
t ei
ther
the
A, B
, or
C s
tan-
dard
. Num
erou
s m
ajor
str
eets
rat
ed in
the
D, E
, and
F c
ateg
orie
s bi
sect
the
are
a m
akin
g bi
cycl
e ac
cess
diff
i-cu
lt. P
artic
ular
ly p
robl
emat
ic a
re c
onne
ctio
ns a
t N
ew Y
ork
and
Flor
ida
Ave
nues
(rat
ed E
) and
Rho
de Is
land
(r
ated
F).
This
rat
ing
syst
em s
eem
s to
mat
ch e
mpi
rical
cra
sh d
ata
anal
yzed
by
the
Dis
tric
t. In
the
imm
edia
te a
rea
arou
nd t
he M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h C
orrid
or, b
icyc
le c
rash
es a
ppea
r to
be
conc
entr
ated
on
the
maj
or, p
oorly
ra
ted
arte
rials
. Fou
r cr
ashe
s fr
om 2
000
to 2
002
wer
e re
port
ed a
long
Rho
de Is
land
Ave
. For
the
sam
e tim
e pe
riod,
app
roxi
mat
ely
10 c
rash
es w
ere
repo
rted
in t
he a
rea
of N
ew Y
ork
and
Flor
ida
Ave
s.
The
Bicy
cle
Mas
ter
Plan
doe
s, h
owev
er, p
ropo
se t
o up
grad
e bi
cycl
ing
conn
ectio
ns t
o th
e co
rrid
or in
sev
eral
lo
catio
ns. A
t N
ew Y
ork
Ave
. the
Dis
tric
t ha
s pr
opos
ed a
mul
ti-us
e tr
ail c
onne
ctio
n an
d im
prov
ed b
ridge
ac-
cess
to
the
corr
idor
. Spe
cific
ally
, the
Pla
n ca
lls f
or t
he p
lann
ing
of “
a tr
ail o
r bi
kew
ay c
onne
ctin
g M
t. V
erno
n Sq
uare
to
the
Nat
iona
l Arb
oret
um, F
ort
Linc
oln
area
, and
Ana
cost
ia R
iver
Tra
il Sy
stem
in p
rince
Geo
rge’
s C
ount
y” (p
. 26)
. Whi
le t
his
type
of
plan
wou
ld s
igni
fican
tly im
prov
e co
nditi
ons,
the
re is
no
imm
edia
te t
ime-
tabl
e fo
r im
plem
enta
tion
of s
uch
a sy
stem
.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
66
Plan
Rev
iew
Pl
anne
d in
terv
entio
ns t
o th
e la
ndsc
ape
can
have
an
impo
rtan
t in
fluen
ce o
n ne
ighb
orho
ods
in t
he f
utur
e. T
his
sect
ion
exam
ines
per
tinen
t pl
anni
ng d
ocum
ents
to
high
light
env
isio
ned
chan
ges
to t
he s
tudy
are
a.
I. C
om
pre
hen
sive
Pla
n f
or
the
Nat
ion
al C
apit
al: D
istr
ict
Elem
ents
Le
ad O
rgan
izat
ion
s: D
istr
ict
of C
olum
bia
Off
ice
of P
lann
ing
Des
crip
tio
n:
The
purp
oses
of
the
Dis
tric
t El
emen
ts o
f th
e C
ompr
ehen
sive
Pla
n fo
r th
e N
atio
nal C
apita
l are
to
: (a)
Def
ine
the
requ
irem
ents
and
asp
iratio
ns o
f D
istr
ict
resi
dent
s, a
nd a
ccor
ding
ly in
fluen
ce s
ocia
l, ec
o-no
mic
and
phy
sica
l dev
elop
men
t; (b
) Gui
de e
xecu
tive
and
legi
slat
ive
deci
sion
s on
mat
ters
aff
ectin
g th
e D
is-
tric
t an
d its
citi
zens
; (c)
Pro
mot
e ec
onom
ic g
row
th a
nd jo
bs f
or D
istr
ict
resi
dent
s; (d
) Gui
de p
rivat
e an
d pu
blic
de
velo
pmen
t in
ord
er t
o ac
hiev
e D
istr
ict
and
com
mun
ity g
oals
; (e)
Mai
ntai
n an
d en
hanc
e th
e na
tura
l and
ar
chite
ctur
al a
sset
s of
the
Dis
tric
t; a
nd (f
) Ass
ist
in t
he c
onse
rvat
ion,
sta
biliz
atio
n, a
nd im
prov
emen
t of
eac
h ne
ighb
orho
od a
nd c
omm
unity
in t
he D
istr
ict.
Th
e D
istr
ict
Elem
ents
por
tion
of t
he C
ompr
ehen
sive
Pla
n is
the
one
pla
n th
at g
uide
s th
e D
istr
ict’
s de
velo
p-m
ent,
bot
h br
oadl
y an
d in
det
ail.
Thus
it c
arrie
s sp
ecia
l im
port
ance
in t
hat
it pr
ovid
es o
vera
ll di
rect
ion
and
shap
es a
ll ot
her
phys
ical
pla
ns t
hat
Dis
tric
t go
vern
men
t ad
opts
. Th
e C
ompr
ehen
sive
Pla
n in
clud
es 1
0 A
rea
Elem
ents
whi
ch t
oget
her
enco
mpa
ss t
he e
ntire
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a. T
he A
rea
Elem
ents
incl
ude:
the
Ana
-co
stia
Wat
erfr
ont,
Cap
itol H
ill, C
entr
al W
ashi
ngto
n, F
ar N
orth
east
and
Sou
thea
st, F
ar S
outh
east
and
Sou
th-
wes
t, M
id-C
ity, N
ear
Nor
thw
est,
Roc
k C
reek
Eas
t, R
ock
Cre
ek W
est,
Upp
er N
orth
east
. Ea
ch A
rea
Elem
ent
is
furt
her
brok
en d
own
into
Pol
icy
Focu
s A
reas
. C
om
ple
tio
n D
ate:
Jul
y, 2
006
Rel
atio
nsh
ip t
o T
rail/
Stu
dy
Are
a: O
ur s
tudy
are
a is
prim
arily
a p
art
of t
he U
pper
Nor
thea
st A
rea
Elem
ent
with
add
ition
al p
ortio
ns in
the
Mid
-City
Are
a El
emen
t an
d th
e C
entr
al W
ashi
ngto
n A
rea
Elem
ent.
Spe
cifi-
cally
, our
are
a of
stu
dy is
com
pris
ed o
f fiv
e Po
licy
Focu
s A
reas
incl
udin
g: t
he N
orth
wes
t G
atew
ay, N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
Cor
ridor
and
Bre
ntw
ood,
Rho
de Is
land
Ave
nue-
Bren
twoo
d M
etro
Sta
tion
and
Cor
ridor
, Nor
th C
api-
tol S
tree
t/Fl
orid
a A
venu
e/N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
Busi
ness
Dis
tric
t, a
nd N
oMA
/Nor
thw
est
One
.
Fo
r M
ore
Info
rmat
ion
: Off
ice
of P
lann
ing
801
Nor
th C
apito
l Str
eet,
NE,
Sui
te 4
000
Was
hing
ton,
DC
200
02
Pho
ne: 2
02.4
42.7
600
1)
No
rth
east
Gat
eway
D
escr
ipti
on
: Th
e N
orth
east
Gat
eway
incl
udes
the
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds o
f Iv
y C
ity a
nd T
rinid
ad, a
s w
ell a
s th
e Fl
orid
a A
venu
e M
arke
t an
d G
alla
udet
Uni
vers
ity.
The
dive
rse
resi
dent
s of
the
Nor
thea
st G
atew
ay
shar
e a
prou
d he
ritag
e as
an
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an c
omm
unity
with
in s
ight
of
the
US
capi
tal b
uild
ing.
Th
ey b
enef
it fr
om p
roxi
mity
to
amen
ities
like
the
Lan
gsto
n G
olf
Cou
rse,
the
Nat
iona
l Arb
oret
um,
Are
a E
lemen
ts M
ap f
rom
the
DC
Com
preh
ensiv
e Pl
an.
Map
dep
ictin
g th
e N
orth
east
G
atew
ay P
olicy
Foc
us A
rea.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
67
and
the
new
Met
ro S
tatio
n at
New
Yor
k A
venu
e. H
owev
er, t
he c
omm
unity
als
o su
ffer
s th
e ef
fect
s of
con
cent
rate
d po
vert
y, a
poo
r im
age,
and
per
cept
ions
of
negl
ect.
In
2005
, the
Dis
tric
t co
mpl
eted
a
revi
taliz
atio
n st
rate
gy f
or t
he N
orth
east
Gat
eway
whi
ch id
entif
ied
and
addr
esse
d fiv
e ke
y pl
anni
ng/
deve
lopm
ent
issu
es: h
ousi
ng r
evita
lizat
ion,
com
mer
cial
rev
italiz
atio
n, h
uman
cap
ital,
publ
ic f
acili
ties,
an
d co
mm
unity
imag
e/pu
blic
rea
lm.
It al
so id
entif
ied
four
key
are
as f
or r
evita
lizat
ion
incl
udin
g Bl
aden
sbur
g Ro
ad, t
he M
onta
na/N
ew Y
ork/
Blad
ensb
urg
Tria
ngle
, the
cen
tral
par
t of
Ivy
City
, and
the
Fl
orid
a A
venu
e M
arke
t. S
peci
fical
ly, t
his
port
ion
of t
he C
ompr
ehen
sive
Pla
n ca
lls f
or t
he e
nhan
ce-
men
t of
the
Flo
rida
Ave
nue
Mar
ket
as a
reg
iona
l ret
ail f
ood,
eat
ing,
drin
king
, ent
erta
inm
ent,
and
w
hole
sale
foo
d de
stin
atio
n. T
he w
hole
sale
mar
ket
and
the
adja
cent
DC
Far
mer
’s M
arke
t ar
e id
enti-
fied
as im
port
ant
but
unde
rval
ued
amen
ities
tha
t sh
ould
be
pres
erve
d, u
pgra
ded,
and
mor
e ef
fec-
tivel
y m
arke
ted.
R
elat
ion
ship
to
Tra
il/St
ud
y A
rea:
Our
stu
dy a
rea
shar
es a
bor
der
with
the
Flo
rida
Ave
nue
Mar
ket
whi
ch is
con
side
red
to b
e on
e of
the
mos
t no
tabl
e an
d un
ique
fea
ture
s of
thi
s ar
ea.
With
num
erou
s up
grad
es p
lann
ed f
or t
his
dist
inct
ive
com
mun
ity f
eatu
re, t
he F
lorid
a A
venu
e M
arke
t ha
s th
e po
ten-
tial t
o be
com
e a
com
mun
ity h
otsp
ot a
nd r
egio
nal d
estin
atio
n an
d th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail h
as
the
pote
ntia
l to
prov
ide
acce
ss t
o th
is u
p an
d co
min
g am
enity
.
2)
New
Yo
rk A
ven
ue
Co
rrid
or
and
Bre
ntw
oo
d
Des
crip
tio
n:
The
New
Yor
k A
venu
e C
orrid
or in
clud
es t
he e
xpan
sive
indu
stria
l and
com
mer
cial
are
a on
bot
h si
des
of N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
betw
een
Flor
ida
Ave
nue
and
the
Mar
ylan
d St
ate
line.
Lar
ge u
ses
in t
he a
rea
incl
ude
the
Bren
twoo
d U
S Po
stal
Ser
vice
sor
ting
faci
lity,
a M
etro
rail
mai
nten
ance
fac
ility
, th
e Iv
y C
ity r
ail y
ards
, the
WM
ATA
Bla
dens
burg
Bus
Div
isio
n, a
nd t
he o
ld H
echt
’s w
areh
ouse
. N
ew
Yor
k A
venu
e its
elf
is li
ned
by s
trip
com
mer
cial
use
s su
ch a
s ho
tels
, fas
t fo
od r
esta
uran
ts, a
nd g
as
stat
ions
. Th
e N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
corr
idor
fac
es n
umer
ous
land
use
, tra
nspo
rtat
ion,
and
urb
an d
esig
n ch
alle
nges
. Po
licie
s ad
opte
d in
the
Dis
tric
t C
ompr
ehen
sive
Pla
n to
impr
ove
the
New
Yor
k A
venu
e co
rrid
or in
clud
e: (a
) Im
prov
ing
the
appe
aran
ce o
f N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
as a
gat
eway
to
DC
; (b)
Ret
ain-
ing
sign
ifica
nt c
once
ntra
tion
of p
rodu
ctio
n, r
epai
r, a
nd d
istr
ibut
ion
land
use
s w
ithin
the
cor
ridor
; (c)
Su
ppor
t in
fill d
evel
opm
ent
and
rede
velo
pmen
t on
und
erut
ilize
d co
mm
erci
al s
ites
alon
g N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue;
(d) U
se z
onin
g, e
nfor
cem
ent,
and
oth
er r
egul
ator
y m
echa
nism
s to
red
uce
the
num
ber
of
illeg
al a
uto-
rela
ted
activ
ities
on
Blad
ensb
urg
Road
.
Rel
atio
nsh
ip t
o T
rail/
Stu
dy
Are
a: T
he N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
Cor
ridor
/Bre
ntw
ood
Polic
y Fo
cus
Are
a sh
ares
a b
orde
r w
ith o
ur s
tudy
are
a an
d sl
ight
ly o
verla
ps w
ith o
ur s
tudy
are
a (e
ast
of t
he C
SX c
orri-
dor)
. H
owev
er, n
one
of t
he p
olic
ies
adop
ted
in t
he N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
Cor
ridor
por
tion
of t
he D
is-
tric
t C
ompr
ehen
sive
Pla
n ap
pear
to
dire
ctly
per
tain
to
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l or
our
stud
y ar
ea.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
68
3) R
ho
de
Isla
nd
Ave
nu
e-B
ren
two
od
Met
ro S
tati
on
an
d C
orr
ido
r D
escr
ipti
on
: Th
e Rh
ode
Isla
nd A
venu
e-Br
entw
ood
Met
ro S
tatio
n an
d C
orrid
or P
olic
y Fo
cus
Are
a in
clud
es
the
Met
ro s
tatio
n vi
cini
ty a
nd 2
.7 m
ile c
orrid
or.
The
stat
ion
is a
djoi
ned
by o
ne o
f th
e la
rges
t su
rfac
e pa
rkin
g lo
ts in
the
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a to
the
sou
thw
est,
and
by
an a
ging
sho
ppin
g ce
nter
to
the
nort
heas
t. O
ther
us
es in
the
vic
inity
incl
ude
the
new
“bi
g bo
x” r
etai
l cen
ter
on B
rent
woo
d Ro
ad, l
ight
indu
stria
l use
s, a
nd
strip
com
mer
cial
use
s on
Rho
de Is
land
Ave
nue.
Lan
d ar
ound
the
Rho
de Is
land
Ave
nue
Met
ro s
tatio
n is
un-
deru
tiliz
ed a
nd d
oes
not
prov
ide
the
com
mun
ity f
ocal
poi
nt it
cou
ld.
The
surr
ound
ing
area
is a
lso
unde
r-se
rved
by
reta
il us
es a
nd w
ould
ben
efit
from
new
res
taur
ants
, loc
al s
ervi
ng s
tore
s, a
nd o
ther
ser
vice
s. T
he
Com
preh
ensi
ve P
lan
iden
tifie
s th
e W
MA
TA p
arki
ng lo
t as
the
mos
t im
med
iate
and
obv
ious
opp
ortu
nity
for
re
deve
lopm
ent
and
belie
ves
that
ove
r tim
e ad
ditio
nal p
rope
rtie
s w
ill t
rans
ition
to
new
use
s. M
ediu
m t
o hi
gh d
ensi
ty h
ousi
ng is
str
ongl
y en
cour
aged
in t
his
area
, and
tra
ffic
impr
ovem
ents
are
rec
omm
ende
d to
m
ake
the
stat
ion
mor
e ac
cess
ible
for
ped
estr
ians
, bic
yclis
ts, a
nd t
rans
it us
ers.
Im
prov
emen
ts t
o th
e M
etro
-po
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l are
als
o pl
anne
d th
ough
thi
s ar
ea.
Rel
atio
nsh
ip t
o T
rail/
Stu
dy
Are
a: T
his
entir
e Po
licy
Focu
s A
rea
is f
ound
with
in t
he b
ound
arie
s of
our
st
udy
area
. Sp
ecifi
cally
, enc
oura
ging
med
ium
to
high
den
sity
dev
elop
men
t in
thi
s ar
ea w
ill c
reat
e in
crea
sed
dem
and
for
com
mun
ity f
acili
ties
(incl
udin
g th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail).
Als
o, t
he c
ompl
etio
n an
d us
e of
th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail p
rovi
des
a pe
rfec
t op
port
unity
for
the
cre
atio
n of
a m
ore
pede
stria
n/bi
cycl
ist
frie
ndly
Met
ro s
tatio
n an
d ne
ighb
orho
od.
4)
No
rth
Cap
ito
l Str
eet/
Flo
rid
a A
ven
ue/
New
Yo
rk A
ven
ue
Bu
sin
ess
Dis
tric
t D
escr
ipti
on
: Th
e ar
ea a
roun
d th
e N
orth
Cap
itol S
tree
t, N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue,
and
Flo
rida
Ave
nue
inte
rsec
-tio
ns p
rovi
des
the
com
mer
cial
cen
ter
for
the
surr
ound
ing
Bloo
min
gdal
e, E
ckin
gton
, and
Tru
xton
Circ
le
neig
hbor
hood
s. T
he n
eigh
borh
oods
the
mse
lves
are
div
erse
in a
ge, i
ncom
e, a
nd e
thni
city
. Th
ey c
onsi
st o
f a
mix
of
row
hou
ses
and
smal
l apa
rtm
ent
build
ings
. Th
e co
mm
erci
al d
istr
ict
itsel
f is
in n
eed
of r
evita
lizat
ion.
A
lthou
gh it
was
des
igna
ted
a D
C M
ain
Stre
et in
200
0, it
suf
fers
fro
m a
lack
of
neig
hbor
hood
-ser
ving
bus
i-ne
sses
, hig
h va
canc
ies,
crim
e, a
nd in
adeq
uate
acc
ess
and
park
ing.
Pol
icie
s ad
opte
d fo
r th
is a
rea
in t
he
Com
preh
ensi
ve P
lan
incl
ude:
(a) u
pgra
ding
the
com
mer
cial
dis
tric
t at
Flo
rida
Ave
nue/
Nor
th C
apito
l/New
Y
ork
Ave
nue,
res
torin
g va
cant
sto
refr
onts
, and
acc
omm
odat
ing
infil
l dev
elop
men
t; (b
) Pro
tect
ing
the
arch
i-te
ctur
al in
tegr
ity o
f th
e Ec
king
ton/
Bloo
min
gdal
e ne
ighb
orho
od, a
nd e
ncou
ragi
ng t
he c
ontin
ued
rest
orat
ion
and
impr
ovem
ent
of t
he a
rea’
s ro
w h
ouse
s.
R
elat
ion
ship
to
Tra
il/St
ud
y A
rea:
Thi
s Po
licy
Focu
s A
rea
shar
es a
bou
ndar
y (N
orth
Cap
itol S
tree
t) w
ith
our
stud
y ar
ea.
Beca
use
the
Com
preh
ensi
ve P
lan
indi
cate
s th
at t
he a
rea
in q
uest
ion
is c
onsi
dere
d to
be
a pa
rt o
f th
e Ec
king
ton
Nei
ghbo
rhoo
d, w
hich
is a
maj
or f
ocus
of
our
stud
y ar
ea, i
t is
impo
rtan
t to
be
awar
e of
an
y an
d al
l pla
nned
impr
ovem
ents
to
the
neig
hbor
hood
.
Map
dep
ictin
g th
e N
orth
Cap
itol/
Flor
ida
Ave
./N
ew Y
ork
Ave
. Po
licy
Focu
s Are
a.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
69
5) N
oM
A/N
ort
hw
est
On
e D
escr
ipti
on
: Th
e N
orth
of
Mas
sach
uset
ts A
venu
e (N
oMA
) and
Nor
thw
est
One
Pol
icy
Focu
s A
rea
incl
udes
th
e ar
ea r
ough
ly b
ound
ed b
y N
ew J
erse
y A
venu
e on
the
wes
t, M
assa
chus
etts
Ave
nue
on t
he s
outh
, New
Y
ork
Ave
nue
on t
he n
orth
, and
2nd
and
3rd s
tree
t N
E on
the
eas
t. T
his
area
incl
udes
the
Uni
on S
tatio
n an
d N
ew Y
ork
Ave
nue
Met
rora
il st
atio
ns.
For
muc
h of
the
pas
t ce
ntur
y, N
oMA
has
bee
n an
indu
stria
l and
war
e-ho
usin
g ar
ea.
NoM
A’s
pro
xim
ity t
o th
e U
S C
apito
l has
als
o m
ade
it a
desi
rabl
e lo
catio
n fo
r go
vern
men
t of
fice
spac
e. T
his
tren
d ac
cele
rate
d af
ter
2000
with
the
ope
ning
of
the
New
Yor
k M
etro
rail
stat
ion,
the
re
nova
tion
of t
he h
isto
ric p
rintin
g pl
ant
in E
ckin
gton
, the
leas
ing
of S
tatio
n Pl
ace
by t
he U
S Se
curit
ies
and
Exch
ange
Com
mis
sion
, and
the
dev
elop
men
t of
the
new
Bur
eau
of A
lcoh
ol, T
obac
co, a
nd F
irear
ms
head
-qu
arte
rs.
Larg
e ar
eas
of N
oMA
rem
ain
vaca
nt o
r un
deru
tiliz
ed t
oday
—al
thou
gh t
hat
is r
apid
ly c
hang
ing.
Th
e st
rong
dem
and
for
Dow
ntow
n ho
usin
g ha
s sh
ifted
the
vis
ion
for
NoM
A’s
fut
ure,
and
it is
now
reg
arde
d as
an
exce
ptio
nal s
ite f
or f
utur
e m
ixed
use
dev
elop
men
t. T
he D
istr
ict
is c
urre
ntly
com
plet
ing
a V
isio
n Pl
an
and
Dev
elop
men
t st
rate
gy f
or N
oMA
to
esta
blis
h m
ore
deta
iled
polic
ies
for
the
area
. Th
e D
raft
Str
ateg
y en
visi
ons
an a
rea
of h
igh-
dens
ity c
omm
erci
al a
nd m
ixed
use
dev
elop
men
t be
twee
n N
orth
Cap
itol S
tree
t an
d th
e C
SX r
ailro
ad t
rack
s, s
tepp
ing
dow
n to
the
mod
erat
e de
nsity
res
iden
tial a
rea
of C
apito
l Hill
. A
sim
ilar
tran
sitio
n is
env
isio
ned
on t
he n
orth
, with
vac
ant
land
and
indu
stria
l use
s no
rth
of F
lorid
a A
venu
e an
d w
est
of t
he r
ailro
ad g
radu
ally
giv
ing
way
to
hous
ing
over
the
nex
t 20
yea
rs.
R
elat
ion
ship
to
Tra
il/St
ud
y A
rea:
A la
rge
sect
ion
of t
he s
outh
east
por
tion
of o
ur s
tudy
are
a ca
n be
fo
und
in t
he N
oMA
Pol
icy
Focu
s A
rea.
The
Dis
tric
t’s
inte
rest
in e
ncou
ragi
ng m
ediu
m a
nd h
igh
dens
ity d
e-ve
lopm
ent
in t
his
area
will
mos
t lik
ely
resu
lt in
an
incr
ease
d de
man
d fo
r co
mm
unity
fac
ilitie
s (in
clud
ing
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l).
II. C
om
pre
hen
sive
Pla
n f
or
the
Nat
ion
al C
apit
al: F
eder
al E
lem
ents
Le
ad O
rgan
izat
ion
s: N
atio
nal C
apita
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on
Des
crip
tio
n:
The
Com
preh
ensi
ve P
lan
for
the
Nat
iona
l Cap
ital i
s ac
tual
ly c
ompr
ised
of
two
part
s: t
he D
istr
ict
Ele-
men
ts a
nd t
he F
eder
al E
lem
ents
. Whi
le t
he D
istr
ict
Elem
ents
add
ress
city
wid
e is
sues
suc
h as
land
use
, hum
an s
er-
vice
s, h
ousi
ng, a
nd e
cono
mic
dev
elop
men
t, t
he F
eder
al E
lem
ents
add
ress
mat
ters
rel
ated
to
fede
ral p
rope
rtie
s an
d fe
dera
l int
eres
ts in
the
Dis
tric
t an
d th
e re
gion
. Th
e N
atio
nal C
apita
l Pla
nnin
g C
omm
issi
on a
dopt
ed t
he C
ompr
ehen
-si
ve P
lan
for
the
Nat
iona
l Cap
ital:
Fede
ral E
lem
ents
in A
ugus
t 20
04. T
his
plan
ning
doc
umen
t ad
dres
ses
chan
ges
in
the
natio
n’s
capi
tal s
ince
the
pla
n’s
last
pub
licat
ion
in t
he 1
980s
and
pro
vide
s a
stro
ng b
luep
rint
for
plan
ning
and
de
velo
pmen
t fo
r th
e ne
xt 2
0 ye
ars.
The
Fed
eral
Ele
men
ts p
ortio
n of
the
Com
preh
ensi
ve P
lan
is c
ompr
ised
of
seve
n el
emen
ts r
epre
sent
ing
the
mos
t si
gnifi
cant
fac
tors
in n
atio
nal c
apita
l pla
nnin
g in
clud
ing:
Fed
eral
Wor
kpla
ce, F
orei
gn
Mis
sion
s an
d In
tern
atio
nal O
rgan
izat
ions
, Tra
nspo
rtat
ion,
Par
ks a
nd O
pen
Spac
e, F
eder
al E
nviro
nmen
t, P
rese
rvat
ion
and
His
toric
Fea
ture
s, a
nd V
isito
rs.
Thro
ugh
thes
e el
emen
ts, t
he C
ompr
ehen
sive
Pla
n fo
r th
e N
atio
nal C
apita
l: Fe
d-er
al E
lem
ents
est
ablis
hes
goal
s an
d po
licie
s fo
r fu
ture
fed
eral
dev
elop
men
t in
the
Nat
iona
l Cap
ital R
egio
n. A
lthou
gh
each
ele
men
t ca
n st
and
alon
e, t
he f
ull c
olle
ctio
n cr
eate
s a
plan
ning
fra
mew
ork
conn
ecte
d by
thr
ee c
entr
al g
oals
: ac
com
mod
atin
g fe
dera
l and
nat
iona
l act
iviti
es, r
einf
orci
ng s
mar
t gr
owth
, and
sup
port
ing
coor
dina
tion
with
loca
l
Map
dep
ictin
g th
e N
oMA
Pol
icy
Focu
s Are
a.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
70
and
regi
onal
gov
ernm
ents
. C
om
ple
tio
n D
ate:
Aug
ust,
200
4 R
elat
ion
ship
to
Tra
il/St
ud
y A
rea:
Alth
ough
the
Fed
eral
Ele
men
ts s
ectio
n of
the
Com
preh
ensi
ve P
lan
does
not
ha
ve a
ny d
irect
con
nect
ions
with
the
Met
ropo
litan
Bra
nch
Trai
l or
our
stud
y ar
ea, i
t is
impo
rtan
t to
und
erst
and
that
th
e D
istr
ict
Elem
ents
and
Fed
eral
Ele
men
ts o
f th
e C
ompr
ehen
sive
Pla
n w
ork
toge
ther
to
form
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
vi-
sion
for
the
Nat
iona
l Cap
ital.
For
Mo
re In
form
atio
n:
Nat
iona
l Cap
ital P
lann
ing
Com
mis
sion
401
9th S
tree
t, N
W, S
uite
500
Was
hing
ton,
DC
200
02
P
hone
: 202
.482
.720
0 III
. Dis
tric
t o
f C
olu
mb
ia B
icyc
le M
aste
r Pl
an
Lead
Org
aniz
atio
ns:
Dis
tric
t D
epar
tmen
t of
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Des
crip
tio
n:
The
Bicy
cle
Mas
ter
Plan
was
cre
ated
in A
pril
of 2
005
to m
ove
the
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a to
the
nex
t le
vel b
y cr
eatin
g an
eve
n m
ore
bicy
cle-
frie
ndly
city
. Th
e Pl
an is
a g
uide
to
esta
blis
hing
hig
h-qu
ality
bic
ycle
fac
ilitie
s an
d pr
ogra
ms
over
the
nex
t 10
yea
rs. A
ccor
ding
to
the
Bicy
cle
Mas
ter
Plan
, saf
e an
d co
nven
ient
bic
ycle
tra
nspo
rta-
tion
is p
art
of a
bro
ader
initi
ativ
e to
cre
ate
a su
stai
nabl
e, m
ulti-
mod
al t
rans
port
atio
n sy
stem
in t
he n
atio
n’s
capi
tal.
Fo
urte
en c
ore
reco
mm
enda
tions
and
oth
er s
uppo
rtin
g re
com
men
datio
ns a
re id
entif
ied
to im
prov
e bi
cycl
e tr
ansp
or-
tatio
n in
the
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a. T
he c
ore
reco
mm
enda
tions
are
list
ed in
thr
ee g
oal a
reas
incl
udin
g: 1
) Mor
e an
d Be
tter
Bic
ycle
Fac
ilitie
s; 2
) Mor
e Bi
cycl
e-Fr
iend
ly P
olic
ies;
3) M
ore
Bicy
cle-
rela
ted
Educ
atio
n, P
rom
otio
n, a
nd E
nfor
ce-
men
t.
Co
mp
leti
on
Dat
e: A
pril
2005
R
elat
ion
ship
to
Tra
il/St
ud
y A
rea:
The
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a Bi
cycl
e M
aste
r Pl
an h
as a
str
ong
tie t
o th
e M
etro
poli-
tan
Bran
ch T
rail
(MBT
). S
peci
fical
ly, t
he M
BT is
a c
ore
com
pone
nt o
f Re
com
men
datio
n 1.
3 (c
ompl
ete
ongo
ing
trai
l de
velo
pmen
t an
d im
prov
emen
t pr
ojec
ts).
Add
ition
ally
, sev
eral
rec
omm
enda
tions
are
mad
e th
at d
eal w
ith t
he c
rea-
tion
of n
ew b
icyc
le f
acili
ties
in o
ur g
ener
al s
tudy
are
a in
clud
ing
the
addi
tion
of b
icyc
le la
nes
alon
g Rh
ode
Isla
nd A
ve-
nue,
4th S
tree
t N
E, B
rent
woo
d Ro
ad, R
str
eet
NE,
Eck
ingt
on P
lace
, T s
tree
t N
E be
twee
n 4th
and
2nd
Str
eets
, and
2nd
St
reet
and
3rd S
tree
t N
E be
twee
n T
and
R St
reet
s.
For
Mo
re In
form
atio
n:
Dis
tric
t D
ept.
of
Tran
spor
tatio
n 2
000
14th
Str
eet
NW
, 6th
Flo
or
Was
hing
ton,
DC
200
09
Pho
ne: 2
02-6
73-6
813
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
71
Th
e Ra
ils-t
o-Tr
ails
Con
serv
ancy
has
bee
n in
exi
sten
ce f
or o
ver
twen
ty y
ears
bec
ause
of
an in
tern
atio
nal u
nder
stan
d-in
g th
at r
ail c
orrid
ors
prov
ide
us w
ith a
sin
gula
r op
port
unity
to
prov
ide
plac
es w
here
peo
ple
can
be a
ctiv
e w
hile
par
-tic
ipat
ing
in a
pie
ce o
f hi
stor
y.
We
belie
ve t
hat
trai
ls c
ontr
ibut
e to
per
sona
l hea
lth b
y pr
ovid
ing
safe
, ple
asan
t pl
aces
to
enjo
y ac
tive
lifes
tyle
s. R
ail-
trai
ls c
ontr
ibut
e to
env
ironm
enta
l hea
lth b
y cr
eatin
g al
tern
ativ
e tr
ansp
orta
tion
corr
idor
s an
d pr
otec
ting
prec
ious
op
en s
pace
. Tra
ils s
timul
ate
econ
omic
hea
lth b
y re
vita
lizin
g lo
cal e
cono
mie
s, s
purr
ing
smal
l bus
ines
s de
velo
pmen
t an
d in
crea
sing
pro
pert
y va
lues
. Tr
ails
con
trib
ute
to c
omm
unity
hea
lth b
ecau
se o
f th
eir
uniq
ue c
apac
ity t
o re
conn
ect
Am
eric
a, c
onne
ctin
g us
to
our
neig
hbor
s by
pro
vidi
ng p
ublic
spa
ce t
o en
joy
each
oth
er’s
com
pany
and
con
nect
ing
us t
o ou
r fa
mili
es b
y pr
ovid
ing
safe
and
ple
asan
t pl
aces
for
chi
ldre
n, p
aren
ts a
nd g
rand
pare
nts
to w
alk
or c
ycle
to-
geth
er.
We
belie
ve t
he M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail h
as t
he p
oten
tial t
o pr
ovid
e al
l the
se b
enef
its.
Base
d on
our
exp
erie
nce
we
have
fou
nd t
hat
if yo
u bu
ild it
, the
y w
ill c
ome.
How
ever
, for
thi
s st
udy
our
part
icul
ar t
ask
was
to
dete
rmin
e if
the
trai
l was
bui
lt w
ould
the
res
iden
ts o
f th
e Ed
gew
ood
and
Ecki
ngto
n co
mm
uniti
es c
ome.
Alth
ough
som
e w
ould
co
me,
man
y m
ore
repr
esen
ting
a m
ore
dive
rse
grou
p of
use
rs t
han
are
typi
cal o
n tr
ails
wou
ld c
ome
if ad
ditio
nal p
ro-
gram
s, m
arke
ting
and
amen
ities
wer
e im
plem
ente
d. O
ur k
ey r
ecom
men
datio
ns f
or in
clud
ing
a ne
w a
nd m
ore
di-
vers
e gr
oup
of u
sers
are
:
Imp
rove
co
nn
ecti
ng
INFR
AST
RU
CTU
RE
C
reat
e sa
fe A
CC
ESS
POIN
TS/G
ATE
WA
YS
C
oo
rdin
ate
TRA
IL A
TTR
AC
TIO
NS
(act
ivit
ies
and
am
enit
ies)
MA
RK
ET t
he
trai
l
Enh
ance
SA
FETY
on
th
e tr
ail
En
han
ce t
he
trai
l-b
ased
CO
ALI
TIO
N
We
hope
tha
t th
e in
form
atio
n an
d re
com
men
datio
ns p
rovi
ded
in t
his
repo
rt w
ill h
elp
guid
e th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
the
M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail a
s a
trai
l for
all
resi
dent
s; f
or w
hen
we
build
tra
ils, w
e bu
ild c
omm
unity
. C
ON
CLU
SIO
N
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
72
A
ctiv
e Li
ving
Prin
cipl
es.
Act
ive
Livi
ng R
esou
rce
Cen
ter.
htt
p://w
ww
.act
ivel
ivin
gres
ourc
es.o
rg/.
Acc
esse
d O
ctob
er 4
, 20
06.
Add
y, C
.L.,
Wils
on, D
.K.,
Kirt
land
, K.A
., A
insw
orth
, B.E
., Sh
arpe
, P.,
Kim
sey,
D.
Ass
ocia
tions
of
Perc
eive
d So
cial
an
d Ph
ysic
al E
nviro
nmen
tal S
uppo
rts
With
Phy
sica
l Act
ivity
and
Wal
king
Beh
avio
r. A
mer
ican
Jou
rnal
of
Publ
ic
Hea
lth, V
ol. 9
4, N
o. 3
, 200
4, p
p. 4
40-4
43.
A
lfonz
o, M
.A.
To W
alk
or N
ot t
o W
alk?
The
Hie
rarc
hy o
f W
alki
ng N
eeds
. En
viro
nmen
t an
d Be
havi
or, V
ol. 3
7, N
o.
6, 2
005,
pp.
808
-836
. Be
rlick
, M.,
Bern
stei
n, A
., C
hivi
an, E
., Ep
stei
n, P
., M
cCal
ly, M
. (ed
s).
Prot
ectin
g H
ealth
, Pre
serv
ing
the
Envi
ronm
net
and
Prop
ellin
g th
e Ec
onom
y: A
n En
viro
nmen
tal H
ealth
Brie
fing
Book
. Ph
ysic
ians
for
Soc
ial R
espo
nsib
ility
: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.,
2006
, htt
p://w
ww
.psr
.org
/site
/Doc
Serv
er/E
H_B
riefin
g_Bo
ok.p
df?
docI
D=
1121
&JS
ervS
essi
onId
r010
=2b
gt40
9l21
.app
13b.
Acc
esse
d N
ovem
ber
2, 2
006.
Bu
rrou
ghs,
E.L
., Pe
ck, L
.E.,
Shar
pe, P
.A.,
Gra
nner
, M.L
., Br
yant
, C.A
., Fi
elds
, R. U
sing
Foc
us G
roup
s in
the
Con
sum
er
Rese
arch
Pha
se o
f a
Soci
al M
arke
ting
Prog
ram
to
Prom
ote
Mod
erat
e-In
tens
ity P
hysi
cal A
ctiv
ity a
nd W
alki
ng
Trai
l Use
in S
umte
r C
ount
y, S
outh
Car
olin
a. P
reve
ntin
g C
hron
ic D
isea
se, V
ol. 3
No.
1, 2
006,
htt
p://
ww
w.c
dc.g
ov/p
cd/is
sues
/200
6/ja
n/05
_009
3.ht
m.
Acc
esse
d O
ctob
er 1
6, 2
006.
Ph
ysic
al A
ctiv
ity E
valu
atio
n H
andb
ook.
Cen
ters
for
Dis
ease
Con
trol
and
Pre
vent
ion,
Atla
nta,
GA
, 200
2, h
ttp:
//w
ww
.cdc
.gov
/ncc
dphp
/dnp
a. A
cces
sed
Oct
ober
12,
200
6.
Cha
rter
for
the
New
Urb
anis
m.
Con
gres
s fo
r th
e N
ew U
rban
ism
, 199
8, h
ttp:
//ww
w.c
nu.o
rg/c
nu_r
epor
ts/
Cha
rter
. A
cces
sed
Nov
embe
r 2,
200
6.
Day
, K.
Act
ive
Livi
ng a
nd S
ocia
l Jus
tice:
Pla
nnin
g fo
r Ph
ysic
al A
ctiv
ity in
Low
-inco
me,
Bla
ck, a
nd L
atin
o C
omm
uni-
ties.
Jou
rnal
of
the
Am
eric
an P
lann
ing
Ass
ocia
tion,
Vol
. 72,
No.
1, 2
006,
pp.
88-
99.
Doy
le, S
., K
elly
-Sch
war
tz, A
., Sc
hlos
sber
g, M
., St
ocka
rd, J
. A
ctiv
e C
omm
unity
Env
ironm
ents
and
Hea
lth: T
he
Rela
tions
hip
of W
alka
ble
and
Safe
Com
mun
ities
to
Indi
vidu
al H
ealth
. Jo
urna
l of
the
Am
eric
an P
lann
ing
Ass
ocia
tion,
Vol
. 72,
No.
1, 2
006,
pp.
19-
31.
Even
son,
K.R
., H
errin
g, A
.H.,
Hus
ton,
S.
Eval
uatin
g C
hang
e in
Phy
sica
l Act
ivity
with
the
Bui
ldin
g of
a M
ulti-
Use
Tra
il.
Am
eric
an J
ourn
al o
f Pr
even
tive
Med
icin
e, V
ol. 2
8, N
o. 2
S2, 2
005,
pp.
177
-185
.
BIB
LIO
GR
APH
Y
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
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Frum
kin,
H.
Hea
lthy
Plac
es: E
xplo
ring
the
Evid
ence
. A
mer
ican
Jou
rnal
of
Publ
ic H
ealth
, Vol
. 93,
No.
9, 2
003,
pp.
14
51-1
456.
G
obst
er, P
.H.
Perc
eptio
n an
d us
e of
a m
etro
polit
an g
reen
way
sys
tem
for
rec
reat
ion.
Lan
dsca
pe a
nd U
rban
Pla
n-ni
ng, V
ol. 3
3, 1
995,
pp.
401
-413
. G
obst
er, P
.H.
Recr
eatio
n an
d Le
isur
e Re
sear
ch f
rom
an
Act
ive
Livi
ng P
ersp
ectiv
e: T
akin
g a
Seco
nd L
ook
at U
rban
Tr
ail U
se D
ata.
Lei
sure
Sci
ence
, Vol
. 27,
200
5, p
p. 3
67-3
83.
Gor
don,
P.M
., Zi
zzi,
S.J.
, Pau
line,
J.
Use
of
a C
omm
unity
Tra
il A
mon
g N
ew a
nd H
abitu
al E
xerc
iser
s: A
Pre
limin
ary
Ass
essm
ent.
Pre
vent
ing
Chr
onic
Dis
ease
,Vol
. 1, N
o. 4
, 200
4,
http
://w
ww
.cdc
.gov
/pcd
/issu
es/2
004/
oct/
04_0
058.
htm
. A
cces
sed
Oct
ober
16,
200
6 H
andy
, S.
Und
erst
andi
ng t
he li
nk b
etw
een
urba
n fo
rm a
nd n
onw
ork
trav
el b
ehav
ior.
Jou
rnal
of
Plan
ning
and
Edu
-ca
tion
Rese
arch
, Vol
. 15,
199
6,
pp. 1
83-1
98.
Hea
lthy
Peop
le in
Hea
lthy
Com
mun
ities
: A C
omm
unity
Pla
nnin
g G
uide
Usi
ng H
ealth
y Pe
ople
201
0. U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s. O
ffic
e of
Pub
lic H
ealth
and
Sci
ence
. 200
1.
htt
p://w
ww
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lthyp
eopl
e.go
v/Pu
blic
atio
ns/H
ealth
yCom
mun
ities
2001
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ault.
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esse
d O
ctob
er 2
5, 2
006.
H
ende
rson
, K. P
arks
and
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sica
l Act
ivity
. Pa
rks
and
Recr
eatio
n. A
ugus
t, 2
005,
pp.
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26.
Hoe
hner
, C.M
., Br
enna
n-Ra
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z, L
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t, M
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dy, S
.L.,
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nson
, R.C
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ceiv
ed a
nd O
bjec
tive
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ron-
men
tal M
easu
res
and
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ical
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ivity
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ong
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an A
dults
. A
mer
ican
Jou
rnal
of
Prev
enta
tive
Med
icin
e, V
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28, N
o. S
2S, 2
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pp.
105
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. H
umpe
l, N
., M
arsh
all,
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, Les
lie, E
., Ba
uman
, A.,
Ow
en, N
. C
hang
es in
Nei
ghbo
rhoo
d W
alki
ng A
re R
elat
ed t
o C
hang
es in
Per
cept
ions
of
Envi
ronm
enta
l Att
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es.
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als
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ehav
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l Med
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e, V
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7, N
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. Ja
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n, L
. Th
e Re
latio
nshi
p of
urb
an d
esig
n to
hum
an h
ealth
and
con
ditio
n. L
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and
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an P
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20
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bs, J
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th a
nd L
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f G
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eric
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k, N
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th, R
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rp, J
., M
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h, D
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lth T
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esig
n: C
halle
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and
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nitie
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eric
an J
ourn
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f H
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mot
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No.
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EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
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URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
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g, A
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ert,
D.,
Ahn
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Resn
icow
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oday
, M.,
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e, D
., G
arbe
r, C
., H
urtz
, S.,
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ton,
J.,
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s, J
. Pe
r-ce
ived
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ironm
ents
as
Phys
ical
Act
ivity
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rela
tes
and
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ors
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terv
entio
n in
Fiv
e St
udie
s. A
mer
ican
Jo
urna
l of
Hea
lth P
rom
otio
n, V
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1, N
o. 1
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p. 2
4-35
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, K.J
., Bi
rnba
um, A
.S.,
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nson
, D.M
. A
Sch
emat
ic f
or F
ocus
ing
on Y
outh
in In
vest
igat
ions
of
Com
mun
ity D
e-si
gn a
nd P
hysi
cal A
ctiv
ity.
Am
eric
an J
ourn
al o
f H
ealth
Pro
mot
ion,
Vol
. 19,
No.
1, 2
004,
pp.
33-
38.
Lee,
C.,
Mou
ndon
, A.V
. C
orre
late
s of
Wal
king
for
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
or R
ecre
atio
n Pu
rpos
es.
Jour
nal o
f Ph
ysic
al A
ctiv
-ity
and
Hea
lth, V
ol. 3
, Sup
pl. 1
, 200
6, p
p. S
77-S
98.
Lind
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G.
Sust
aina
bilit
y an
d U
rban
Gre
enw
ays:
Indi
cato
rs in
Indi
anap
olis
. Jo
urna
l of
the
Am
eric
an P
lann
ing
Ass
o-ci
atio
n, V
ol. 6
9, N
o. 2
, 200
3, p
p. 1
65-1
80.
Lind
sey,
G.,
Han
, Y.,
Wils
on, J
., Y
ang,
J.
Nei
ghbo
rhoo
d C
orre
late
s of
Urb
an T
rail
Use
. Jo
urna
l of
Phys
ical
Act
ivity
an
d H
ealth
, Vol
. 3, S
uppl
. 1, 2
006,
pp.
S13
9-S1
57.
Lund
, H.
Test
ing
the
Cla
ims
of N
ew U
rban
ism
: Loc
al A
cces
s, P
edes
tria
n Tr
avel
, and
Nei
ghbo
ring
Beha
vior
s. J
ourn
al
of t
he A
mer
ican
Pla
nnin
g A
ssoc
iatio
n, V
ol. 6
9, N
o.4,
200
3, p
p. 4
14-4
29.
Path
way
s to
Hea
lthy
Livi
ng.
Nat
iona
l Par
k Se
rvic
e, R
iver
s, T
rails
, and
Con
serv
atio
n A
ssis
tanc
e Pr
ogra
m,
ww
w.n
ps.g
ov/n
crc/
prog
ram
s/rt
ca/c
onta
ctus
/hea
lthyl
ivin
g.pd
f. A
cces
sed
Oct
ober
24,
200
6 Ro
bbin
s, E
. A
Hea
lthy
Rela
tions
hip.
Pla
nnin
g, A
pril,
200
5, p
p. 3
2-35
. Ro
senf
eld,
K.,
Mor
ris, H
., G
oodr
ich,
B.,
You
rish,
B.,
Bick
ert,
K.
Cre
atin
g A
ctiv
e C
omm
uniti
es: T
en C
ase
Stud
ies
of
Prog
ram
s an
d Pa
rtne
rshi
ps.
Rails
-to-
Trai
ls C
onse
rvan
cy, W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C, 2
004.
Sa
elen
s, B
.E.,
Salli
s, J
. F.,
Fran
k, L
.D.
Envi
ronm
enta
l Cor
rela
tes
od W
alki
ng a
nd C
yclin
g: F
indi
ngs
from
the
Tra
nspo
r-ta
tion,
Urb
an D
esig
n, a
nd P
lann
ing
Lite
ratu
re.
Ann
als
of B
ehav
iora
l Med
icin
e, V
ol. 2
5, N
o. 2
, 200
3, p
p. 8
0-91
. Sa
llis,
J.F
., G
lanz
, K.
The
Role
of
Built
Env
ironm
ents
in P
hysi
cal A
ctiv
ity, E
atin
g, a
nd O
besi
ty in
Chi
ldho
od.
The
Futu
re o
f C
hild
ren,
Vol
. 16,
No.
1, 2
006,
pp.
89-
108.
Sh
afer
, C.S
., Le
e, B
.K.,
Turn
er, S
. A
tal
e of
thr
ee g
reen
way
tra
ils: u
ser
perc
eptio
ns r
elat
ed t
o qu
ality
of
life.
Lan
d-sc
ape
and
Urb
an P
lann
ing,
Vol
. 49,
200
0, p
p. 1
63-1
78.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
75
Trop
ed, P
.J.,
Saun
ders
, R.P
., Pa
te, R
.R.,
Rein
inge
r, B
., U
reda
, J.R
., Th
omps
on, S
.J.
Ass
ocia
tions
bet
wee
n Se
lf-Re
port
ed a
nd O
bjec
tive
Phys
ical
Env
ironm
neta
l Fac
tors
and
Use
of
a C
omm
unity
Rai
l-Tra
il. P
reve
ntat
ive
Med
icin
e, V
ol. 3
2, 2
001,
pp.
191
-200
. Tr
oped
, P.J
., Sa
unde
rs, R
.P.,
Pate
, R.R
. C
ompa
rison
s Be
twee
n Ra
il-Tr
ail U
sers
and
Non
user
s an
d M
en a
nd W
omen
’s
Patt
erns
of
Use
in a
Sub
urba
n C
omm
unity
. Jo
urna
l of
Phys
ical
Act
ivity
and
Hea
lth, V
ol. 2
, 200
5, p
p. 1
69-
180.
Ph
ysic
al a
ctiv
ity a
nd h
ealth
: a r
epor
t of
the
Sur
geon
Gen
eral
exe
cutiv
e su
mm
ary.
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
and
H
uman
Ser
vice
s, C
ente
rs f
or D
isea
se C
ontr
ol a
nd P
reve
ntio
n, N
atio
nal C
ente
r fo
r C
hron
ic D
isea
se P
reve
ntio
n an
d H
ealth
Pro
mot
ion,
The
Pre
side
nt’s
Cou
ncil
on P
hysi
cal F
itnes
s an
d Sp
orts
, Atla
nta,
GA
, 199
6.
Why
te, W
.H.
The
Soci
al L
ife o
f Sm
all U
rban
Spa
ces.
New
Yor
k, N
Y: C
onse
rvat
ion
Foun
datio
n, 1
980.
W
ilson
, D.K
., K
irtla
nd, K
.A.,
Ain
swor
th, B
.E.,
Add
y, C
.E.
Soci
oeco
nom
ic S
tatu
s an
d Pe
rcep
tions
of
Acc
ess
and
Safe
ty
for
Phys
ical
Act
ivity
. A
nnal
s of
Beh
avio
ral M
edic
ine,
Vol
. 28,
No.
1, 2
004,
pp.
20-
28.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
76
This
app
endi
x in
clud
es t
he e
nviro
nmen
tal a
udit
inst
rum
ent
used
to
exam
ine
pede
stria
n an
d bi
cycl
ing
cond
ition
s in
the
stu
dy a
rea
and
a de
taile
d ex
pla-
natio
n of
its
crea
tion
and
use.
Def
ined
as
a “t
ool u
sed
to in
vent
ory
and
asse
ss p
hysi
cal e
nviro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
ass
ocia
ted
with
wal
king
and
bic
y-cl
ing”
, an
envi
ronm
enta
l aud
it in
stru
men
t is
nec
essa
ry t
o th
is s
tudy
as
a m
eans
to
clos
ely
exam
ine
the
exis
ting
barr
iers
and
fac
ilita
ting
fact
ors
to w
alk-
ing
and
biki
ng in
the
stu
dy a
rea
(Mou
den
and
Lee,
200
3).
The
inst
rum
ent
was
for
med
bas
ed o
n ex
istin
g re
sear
ch a
nd f
orm
atte
d to
add
ress
the
con
di-
tions
of
the
built
env
ironm
ent
as t
hey
may
rel
ate
to t
rail
acce
ss.
Whi
le m
ost
of t
he c
ateg
orie
s ad
dres
s in
ters
ectio
n co
nditi
ons,
som
e as
sess
the
phy
sica
l co
nditi
on o
f si
dew
alks
, lan
d us
e, a
nd b
icyc
le a
men
ities
.
In 2
005,
the
Fed
eral
Hig
hway
Adm
inis
trat
ion
(FH
WA
) and
the
Ped
estr
ian
Bicy
cle
Info
rmat
ion
Cen
ter
(PBI
C) s
urve
yed
seve
ral c
omm
uniti
es in
the
US
to
com
pile
a c
olle
ctio
n of
inve
ntor
ies
and
audi
ts t
hat
asse
ss p
edes
tria
n an
d bi
cycl
e da
ta.
The
follo
win
g ou
tline
is a
dapt
ed f
rom
the
afo
rem
entio
ned
stud
y in
ord
er t
o pr
ovid
e a
clea
r de
scrip
tion
of t
he e
nviro
nmen
tal a
udit
inst
rum
ent
used
in t
his
stud
y an
d to
add
ress
its
rele
vanc
e in
ass
essi
ng a
nd e
nhan
cing
pe
dest
rian
and
bicy
clin
g co
nditi
ons
and
faci
litie
s.
D
ata
Col
lect
ed
C
ondu
cted
an
asse
ssm
ent
of c
urre
nt c
ondi
tions
at
mor
e th
an 9
0 st
reet
inte
rsec
tions
. C
ondu
cted
a g
ener
al s
idew
alk
asse
ssm
ent
alon
g 30
seg
men
ts o
f ro
adw
ay.
Ass
esse
d po
ssib
le t
rail
acce
ss p
oint
s.
Focu
sed
on s
tree
t ne
twor
ks, i
nter
sect
ions
, and
acc
ess
poin
ts t
hat
fall
with
in t
he p
rede
term
ined
stu
dy a
rea
alon
g th
e M
etro
polit
an B
ranc
h Tr
ail
corr
idor
. H
ighl
ight
s
Dev
elop
ed a
dat
a co
llect
ion
inst
rum
ent
to s
imul
tane
ousl
y as
sess
inte
rsec
tions
, sid
ewal
ks, a
nd a
cces
sibi
lity.
In
vent
orie
d co
nditi
onal
ele
men
ts a
nd f
acili
ties
such
as
side
wal
ks, s
top,
tra
ffic
, and
ped
estr
ian
indi
cato
rs, m
arke
d cr
ossw
alks
, cur
b ra
mps
, sch
ool
cros
sing
s, t
raff
ic c
ondi
tions
, lig
htin
g, a
nd b
ike
lane
s.
Stor
ed d
ata
in M
icro
soft
Exc
el a
nd d
ispl
ayed
dat
a us
ing
Geo
grap
hic
Info
rmat
ion
Syst
ems
soft
war
e, A
rcM
ap.
Base
d da
ta c
olle
ctio
n in
stru
men
ts o
n ex
istin
g re
sear
ch a
nd o
rgan
izat
iona
l exp
erie
nce
of t
rail
asse
ssm
ent
proc
edur
es.
Purp
ose
of C
olle
ctin
g D
ata
Cur
rent
ly, t
he D
istr
ict
Dep
artm
ent
of T
rans
port
atio
n (D
DO
T) a
dher
es t
o an
exi
stin
g Bi
cycl
e M
aste
r Pl
an in
ord
er t
o co
ntin
ually
impr
ove
upon
the
Dis
-tr
ict’
s bi
cycl
ing
netw
ork
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd p
rovi
ded
faci
litie
s. A
for
thco
min
g Pe
dest
rian
Mas
ter
Plan
will
als
o se
t st
anda
rds
for
mak
ing
the
tran
spor
ta-
TEC
HN
ICA
L A
PPEN
DIX
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
77
tion
netw
ork
safe
r an
d m
ore
wal
kabl
e fo
r pe
dest
rians
. H
owev
er, t
here
are
no
exis
ting
prog
ram
s im
plem
ente
d to
con
duct
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
aud
it of
cu
rren
t co
nditi
ons
for
pede
stria
ns a
nd b
icyc
lists
. A
sses
sing
cur
rent
con
ditio
ns a
llow
s fo
r th
e id
entif
icat
ion
of b
arrie
rs t
o w
alki
ng a
nd b
icyc
ling
and
cre-
ates
a c
ompa
rativ
e ba
selin
e fo
r m
akin
g re
com
men
datio
ns b
ased
on
prev
ious
res
earc
h an
d ex
perie
nce.
Th
e A
udit
Inst
rum
ent
This
inst
rum
ent
borr
ows
from
con
cept
s an
d pr
actic
es u
sed
in a
var
iety
of
othe
r st
udie
s ex
amin
ing
the
pede
stria
n an
d bi
cycl
e en
viro
nmen
ts (M
oudo
n an
d Le
e, 2
003;
Act
ive
Livi
ng B
y D
esig
n, 2
005;
FH
WA
and
PBI
C, 2
005)
. A
sses
sing
inte
rsec
tion
cond
ition
s w
as a
maj
or p
art
of t
he g
ap a
naly
sis.
Sin
ce
the
trai
l int
erse
cts
a de
nse,
urb
an a
rea,
con
nect
ions
via
str
eet
netw
orks
are
nec
essa
ry f
or g
ood
acce
ssib
ility
. Th
e st
reet
and
sid
ewal
k co
nditi
ons
wer
e al
so e
valu
ated
to
dete
rmin
e w
hat
fact
ors
cont
ribut
e to
or
act
as a
bar
rier
in c
onne
ctin
g us
ers
to t
he t
rail.
Crit
eria
wer
e id
entif
ied
from
the
stu
dies
w
hich
wou
ld c
ontr
ibut
e to
our
nee
ds t
o as
sess
sid
ewal
k, in
ters
ectio
n/cr
ossw
alk,
and
tra
ffic
con
ditio
ns a
s th
ey p
erta
in t
o tr
ail a
cces
sibi
lity.
Var
iabl
es
are
grou
ped
into
bro
ader
cat
egor
ies
whe
re a
pplic
able
and
dat
a w
as r
ecor
ded
base
d on
the
fol
low
ing
guid
elin
es:
Side
wal
ks
Si
dew
alk
Con
ditio
ns –
Rat
ed o
n a
1-3
scal
e w
here
: 1=
good
/exc
elle
nt.
2=sa
tisfa
ctor
y 3=
poor
/nee
ds a
tten
tion
Exis
ting
Side
wal
k U
p to
Inte
rsec
tion
Y =
sid
ewal
ks e
xist
on
ever
y si
de o
f th
e st
reet
N
= n
o si
dew
alks
exi
st
x/x
= [n
umbe
r of
sid
ewal
ks p
rese
nt/n
umbe
r of
str
eets
with
pot
entia
l for
sid
ewal
k].
St
op, T
raff
ic, a
nd P
edes
tria
n In
dica
tors
at
Inte
rsec
tions
No.
- W
ay S
top
– In
dica
tes
the
num
ber
of s
tops
/poi
nts
of in
ters
ectio
n. F
or e
xam
ple,
a 2
/4 s
core
rep
rese
nts
an in
ters
ectio
n th
at h
as 2
sto
p in
di-
cato
rs (s
igns
or
light
s), b
ut t
here
are
fou
r po
ints
of
inte
rsec
tion.
Som
e st
reet
s ar
e on
e-w
ay a
nd w
arra
nt s
mal
ler
amou
nt o
f st
op in
dica
tors
, ho
wev
er s
ome
stre
et in
ters
ectio
n m
ay n
eces
sita
te a
dditi
onal
sto
p in
dica
tors
. St
op L
ight
, Ped
estr
ian
Tim
er, P
edes
tria
n Si
gnal
Indi
cato
rs
Y =
int
erse
ctio
ns t
hat
had
each
of
the
follo
win
g in
dica
tors
at
ever
y ne
cess
ary
poin
t of
inte
rsec
tion.
N
= n
o lit
ped
estr
ian
sign
als.
Sin
ce m
any
of t
he in
ters
ectio
ns a
re w
ithin
res
iden
tial a
reas
, mos
t ar
e eq
uipp
ed w
ith s
top
sign
s in
-st
ead
of li
t in
dica
tors
. x/
x =
[nu
mbe
r of
exi
stin
g in
dica
tors
/num
ber
of n
eede
d in
dica
tors
] Pe
dest
rian
Sign
– “
Y”
indi
cate
s st
reet
s or
inte
rsec
tions
tha
t ha
ve e
xist
ing
pede
stria
n si
gns,
or
sim
ilar
sign
s su
ch a
s “D
eaf
Chi
ld/P
edes
tria
n”,
“15m
ph W
hen
Chi
ldre
n Pr
esen
t”, “
Scho
ol C
ross
ing”
. If
no p
edes
tria
n si
gns
are
pres
ent,
the
fie
ld is
mar
ked
“N”.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
78
Mar
ked
Cro
ssw
alk
and
Cur
b Ra
mps
Mar
ked
Cro
ssw
alks
– B
asic
2-s
trip
e an
d Ze
bra
Strip
e Y
= (2
-str
ipe
or z
ebra
str
ipe)
cro
ssw
alks
exi
st a
t al
l cro
ssw
alks
N
= n
o (2
-str
ipe
or z
ebra
str
ipe)
cro
ssw
alk
x/x
= [#
of
(2-s
trip
e or
zeb
ra s
trip
e) c
ross
wal
k/to
tal n
umbe
r of
pot
entia
l cro
ssw
alks
] [ *
] =
line
s ne
ed r
epai
nted
C
urb
Ram
ps
Y =
cur
b ra
mps
pre
sent
at
all c
orne
rs o
f in
ters
ectio
n.
N =
no
curb
ram
ps p
rese
nt
x/x
= [n
umbe
r of
exi
stin
g cu
rb r
amps
/num
ber
of n
eces
sary
cur
b ra
mps
]. [ *
] =
den
otes
cur
b ra
mps
in p
oor
cond
ition
. Tr
affic
Con
ditio
ns
La
nes
of T
raff
ic C
ross
ed –
Who
le n
umbe
rs r
epre
sent
the
num
ber
of la
nes
cros
sed
for
each
str
eet
exam
ined
. Fr
actio
ns in
dica
te t
he n
umbe
r of
la
nes
per
stre
et li
sted
in o
rder
. Fo
r ex
ampl
e, t
he in
ters
ectio
n of
4th S
t. a
nd R
hode
Isla
nd A
ve. i
s m
arke
d 4/
7 be
caus
e 4th
St.
has
fou
r m
ovin
g la
nes
of t
raff
ic t
o cr
oss
and
Rhod
e Is
land
Ave
. has
7.
Vis
ibili
ty F
acto
rs –
Ped
estr
ians
vis
ible
to
traf
fic a
nd c
ross
ing
traf
fic v
isib
le (b
y pe
dest
rians
) ind
icat
es w
here
res
earc
hers
not
iced
tha
t vi
sibi
lity
is
high
(Y) o
r lo
w (N
) for
ped
estr
ians
and
mot
oris
ts.
Des
igna
ted
Traf
fic S
peed
– A
ctua
l spe
ed o
f tr
affic
was
not
rec
orde
d, b
ut d
esig
nate
d tr
affic
spe
ed w
as n
oted
whe
re s
igns
indi
cate
d sp
eed.
Oth
er
Ph
ysic
al O
bstr
uctio
ns –
Indi
cate
s w
here
pat
hs t
o in
ters
ectio
ns w
here
obs
truc
ted
by:
T =
tre
e U
= u
tility
pol
e C
= c
onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
ls
PC =
par
ked
cars
Li
ghtin
g –
Alth
ough
obs
erva
tions
too
k pl
ace
durin
g da
ylig
ht h
ours
, res
earc
hers
not
ed w
here
ligh
t fix
ture
s w
ere
pres
ent
at in
ters
ectio
ns.
Bike
Lan
es –
Indi
cate
s th
e pr
esen
ce o
f bi
ke la
nes
on s
tree
ts a
sses
sed.
Pe
dest
rian
Refu
ge Is
land
s/ R
aise
d M
edia
ns -
Ind
icat
e th
e pr
esen
ce o
f pe
dest
rian
isla
nds
and
med
ians
. Se
e C
omm
ents
sec
tion
for
addi
tiona
l in
form
atio
n.
Larg
e pa
rcel
s –
Indi
cate
s w
here
larg
e pa
rcel
s (t
ract
s of
land
occ
upie
d by
larg
e st
ruct
ures
, or
larg
e va
cant
lots
) are
adj
acen
t to
str
eet
inte
rsec
-tio
n. T
he p
rese
nce
of la
rge
parc
els
impe
des
on p
edes
tria
ns a
nd b
icyc
lists
acc
ess
to t
he t
rail.
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
79
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
80
SURV
EY A
ND R
ECO
MM
END
ATI
ON
S TO
EN
CO
URA
GE
TRA
IL U
SE
81
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