THE MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD THE WEALTH AND POVERTY OF
NATIONS LECTURE 1 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: ORIGINS
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The importance of the industrial revolution From Manpower to
Machine Power/technology
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The importance of the industrial revolution Sustained economic
growth
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Industrial revolution in History Rostow: Lessons from this
industrial history for the economic growth of the rest of the world
Deane and Cole, David Landes, Eric Hobsbawm: Saw the Industrial
Revolution as a story of modernization Global History: Seeing the
Industrial Revolution in a Global perspective
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Was the Industrial Revolution a Revolution?
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Definition Industrial Revolution. The term Industrial
Revolution is normally reserved for a set of events that took place
in Britain roughly from 1760 to 1830. The historical events in
question consisted of a set of technological, economic, and social
changes that in the long run revolutionized not just the British
economy but that of the rest of western Europe, North America, and
eventually much of the rest of the world. (Mokyr)
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Revolution or not? Short jump or gradual process of
acceleration? Major improvements concentrated or diffused process
influencing many sectors? Foundations found in nationally
distinctive economic, political, legal, social or cultural changes?
Relative importance of internal compared to external factors in
accounting for the British development?
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British Industrial Revolution?
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A different approach High wages Technology Commercial and
Imperial expansion
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High wages Black death (1347-50)
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High wages Black death (1347-50) High wages EMP: European
marriage pattern
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High Wages Industrious Revolution, Jan de Vries Changing
behaviour patterns and organization of time within the family
economy A turn away from work for self subsistence to work for the
market Rising intensity of labour in order to buy consumer
goods
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High wages Result of the Industrial revolution: Rising standard
of living Or, pessimism perpetuated?
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Technology Radical enlightenment
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No single or linear path of development in the emergence of
modern industry, (hudson,29)
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Technology Technological change in Europe
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4. Proto-industrialization Description: During the 17th and
18th Centuries agricultural, industrial, mercantile and demographic
change combined together to induce unprecedented growth in
decentralised manufacturing production. Most of this production was
located in rural villages.
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Theorists of Proto-industrialization Franklin Mendels:
Proto-industrialization was the first phase of
industrialization
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Theorists of Proto-industrialization Kriedte, Medick and
Schlumbohm Proto-industrialization might take place in a workshop
system (kaufsystem), or in a putting out system (verlagsystem)
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Theorists of Proto-industrialization Kriedte, Medick and
Schlumbohm Proto-industrialization might take place in a workshop
system (kaufsystem), or in a putting out system (verlagsstem) The
transition to the factory system might fail, leading to
de-industrialization
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4 hypotheses on the connections between Proto-industrialization
and Industrialization 1. led to population growth and land
fragmentation, broke down traditional regulation of demographic
behaviour by peasants & inheritance systems 2. created profits
which formed capital for factory industrialization 3. provided
merchants with skills and experience for factory industrialization
4. caused commercialization of agriculture: this, in turn, enabled
subsequent urbanization and factory industrialization
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The Industrial Revolution: features Technological change Rapid
Urbanization Capital accumulation Increase in agricultural
productivity Growth of income
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Commercial and Imperial Expansion Inward looking or Global
perspective?
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Commercial and Imperial Expansion Discovering the world
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Commercial and Imperial Expansion Inward looking or Global
perspective?
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Commercial and Imperial Expansion: Discovering the World First
movers: Gold and silver to Europe Second movers: No gold and
silver, but trade
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Commercial and Imperial Expansion: Migration Europe to other
parts of the world Africa to America: Slavery, Cheap labour
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Commercial and Imperial Expansion: Capital and goods Financing
the industrial revolution from profits from global trade? Supplying
raw material The Great Divergence?
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Commercial and Imperial expansion: Consumption Colonial Trade
Oriental luxuries and exotic American foodstuffs
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Commercial and Imperial expansion: Consumption Colonial Trade
Oriental luxuries and exotic American foodstuffs Stimulus to
European consumer goods industries Colonial imports to new export
markets
