The Many Dates of Philippine Independence

8/12/2019 The Many Dates of Philippine Independence

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The many dates of Philippine independence

The Philippines declared independence numerous times for many reasons

Jodesz Gavilan

Published 8:00 AM, Jun 12, 2014

Updated 12:31 AM, Jun 12, 2014

Source: Rappler

MANILA, Philippines - Filipinos

commemorate the Declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12 every year.

Flags are raised and wreaths are laid in monuments around the country in celebration

of the freedom we enjoy now. As a nation frequently colonized in the past,

independence is significant for us.

But did you know that independence was declared several times in the Philippines?

Here are the dates when the Pearl of the Orient was "declared" independent.

April 12, 1895Andres Bonifacio first declared Philippine Independence inside the Pamitinan cave in

Montalban (now Rodriguez), Rizal by writing on its wall "Long Live Philippine

Independence!" together with other Katipunan members. This act is now referred to as

the "Cry of Pamitinan."


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August 1896Members of the Katipunan, led by Andres Bonifacio, tore their community tax

certificates (cedulas personales) in protest of Spanish conquest. This is well known as

the "Cry of Pugadlawin." The exact date of the event is still being debated but the

National Historical Institute has pegged it atAugust 23.

June 12, 1898President Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in Cavite

el Viejo (now Kawit) along with the waiving of the National Flag and the National

March.

TheActa de la Proclamacion de Independencia del Pueblo Filipinoor Act ofthe Declaration of Independence in English was written and read by War

Consellor Ambrosio Bautista and was signed by 98 people. A certain Mr. L.M

Johnson, an American soldier, also signed the declaration.

TheDeclaration of Independencewas formally ratified by 190 municipalleaders from different towns in 16 provinces (Manila, Cavite, Laguna,

Batangas, Bulacan, Bataan, Infanta, Morong, Tayabas, Pampanga, Pangasinan,

Mindoro, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, La Union, and Zambales) during an assembly in

Bacoor, Cavite on August 1, 1898.

TheMalolos Constitution,the first ever Philippine constitution, paved the wayfor the creation of a new government supposedly free from Spanish rule.

National Assembly President Pedro Paterno opened the first session of the

Malolos Congress on September 17, 1898.

October 14, 1943Japan granted the Philippines independence by setting up a new government headed

by Jose P. Laurel. A lot of historians refer to the country's 2nd Republic as "Puppet

State" of the Japanese government because of the alleged prevailing control then.

July 4, 1946The United States of America officially recognized the independence of the Philippine

Republic on July 4, 1946 after a long period of negotiations.

In 1916, theJones Lawwas enacted. It affirmed the eventual recognition of theindependence of the Philippines.

In 1933, theTydings-McDuffie Actwas declared which paved way for the 10-year transitional period as preparation for the independence of the country.
http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?i=59http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?i=59http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?i=59http://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-of-Independence-English-June-12-1898.pdfhttp:/pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-of-Independence-English-June-12-1898.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-of-Independence-English-June-12-1898.pdfhttp:/pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-of-Independence-English-June-12-1898.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-of-Independence-English-June-12-1898.pdfhttp:/pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-of-Independence-English-June-12-1898.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/06112012-Ratification-of-Philippine-Independence-by-the-Municipal-Presidents-August-1-1898.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/06112012-Ratification-of-Philippine-Independence-by-the-Municipal-Presidents-August-1-1898.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/06112012-Ratification-of-Philippine-Independence-by-the-Municipal-Presidents-August-1-1898.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/06112012-Malolos-Address-of-Pedro-Paterno-pg-76.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/06112012-Malolos-Address-of-Pedro-Paterno-pg-76.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/06112012-Malolos-Address-of-Pedro-Paterno-pg-76.pdfhttp://www.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/http://www.gov.ph/the-commonwealth-of-the-philippines/http://www.gov.ph/the-commonwealth-of-the-philippines/http://www.gov.ph/the-commonwealth-of-the-philippines/http://www.gov.ph/the-commonwealth-of-the-philippines/http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/http://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/06112012-Malolos-Address-of-Pedro-Paterno-pg-76.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/06112012-Ratification-of-Philippine-Independence-by-the-Municipal-Presidents-August-1-1898.pdfhttp://pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-of-Independence-English-June-12-1898.pdfhttp:/pcdspo.gov.ph/downloads/2012/06/Proclamation-of-Independence-English-June-12-1898.pdfhttp://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?i=59


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NEW DATE. Emilio Aguinaldo and Diosdado Macapagal at the famous Cavite

balcony. Photo from Official Gazette of the Philippines Tumblr

Why June 12?

The Philippine Independence Day we all know now was duly recognized

throughProclamation No. 28, s. 1962by then President Diosdado Macapagal on May12, 1962. From the 4th of July, it was moved to the 12th of June, citing Aguinaldo's

establishment of the Philippine Republic from Spain "marked our peoples declaration

and exercise of their right to self-determination, liberty and independence.

Congress then formally designated June 12 as the date of Philippine Independence by

passingRepublic Act No. 4166in 1964. -Rappler.com

Sources:

History of the Filipino People by Teodoro A. AgoncilloThe Philippines: A Past Revisited by Renato Constantino

National Historial Commission of the Philippines

Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic by Teodoro A. Agoncillo

June 12, 1898 and Other Related Documents

The Philippines: Colonialism, Collaboration, and Resistance by William J. Pomeroy

The Laws of the First Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898-1899 compiled by Sulpicio

Guevara

Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
http://www.gov.ph/1962/05/12/proclamation-no-28-s-1962/http://www.gov.ph/1962/05/12/proclamation-no-28-s-1962/http://www.gov.ph/1962/05/12/proclamation-no-28-s-1962/http://www.gov.ph/1964/08/04/republic-act-no-4166http://www.gov.ph/1964/08/04/republic-act-no-4166http://www.gov.ph/1964/08/04/republic-act-no-4166http://www.gov.ph/1964/08/04/republic-act-no-4166http://www.gov.ph/1962/05/12/proclamation-no-28-s-1962/