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The mapping of the worldJohn George Bartholomew F.R.S.E. F.R.G.S.Published online: 30 Jan 2008.

To cite this article: John George Bartholomew F.R.S.E. F.R.G.S. (1890) Themapping of the world, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 6:6, 293-305, DOI:10.1080/14702549008554699

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LAKES NYASSA, RUKWA, AND TANGANYIKA. 293

I have ever seen, and are several hundreds of feet in height. With my servants I gathered many small univalve and bivalve shells, which are found in abundance in the chalky beds.

The three countries referred to in this paper embrace the border-land that lies between German East Africa and Nyassaland as claimed by England, and are at this moment the subject of dispute. I t may there- fore not be out of place here to recall the simplef acts as to what these two nations have done for the country. The north of Nyassa was visited by Young fourteen years ago; by Consul Elton in 1878 ; by Thomson in 1879 ; and the road between the two lakes IXTyassa and Tanganyika was surveyed by Mr. Stewart in the same year, 1879. Fifty-two miles of that roadway, in by far the most difficult part of the country, has been already made, and bears the name of Stevenson, thus named at first by German geographers. The African Lakes Company have had agents travelling and trading there for the last nine years, while Scotch mis- sionaries have occupied the hills for six and a half years. The language of the people has been acquired and friendship thoroughly established. The graves of seven English subjects are there. Giraud and Captain Trivier, two French travellers, have travelled in the country, while Lieu- tenant Wissmann, in 1887, travelled from Tanganyika to Nyassa. Are we as Englishmen, after all that has been done, to allow these lands and this interesting people to pass beyond our influence and sympathy ?

THE MAPPING OF T H E WORLD.

By JOHN GEORGE BARTHOLO~IEW, F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S.

( With 2kJap.)

PART I . - - INTRODUCTORY.

AT the present day the use of good maps is a matter of recognised importance--to the scientist, the merchant, and the tourist, as well as to the soldier amt the statesman; and it is evident that the demand for improvement in cartography must increase with the progress of education. We have no cause to complain of a dearth of maps-- their name is legion ; but as many of them are founded on inaccurate knowledge or topography before the days of surveys, i t is evident that a guide to those that are most recent and reliable is very much needed.

The object of this paper is not to give a history of cartography, nor to tell how the world is mapped, but to present the best results of carto- graphical work throughout the world as published at the present t ime-- in fact to indicate the t?est Ma2s at present available for every part of the world, be they exact topographical surveys or travellers' sketches. Although from time to time many valuable reports have been published dealing with the extent of Official Topographical Surveys, yet I do not know of any that treat, in the manner I propose, of the general mapping of the whole land-surface of the world; there is no guide that goes beyond the region of surveys, and, failing the existence of an official map, mentions the best map from other sources.

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294 TtIE ~[APPING OF THE WORLD.

From 150 A.D., when P~olemy made the first atlas, down to the middle of last century, the whole art of map-making had been left to private enterprise, and although the maps of Mercator, Homann, the Sansons, de l'Isle, Blaeu, and d'Anville, marked great advances, yet comparatively little progress in really accurate cartography was made until a system of exact trigonometrical surveying was adopted, and governments saw the desirability of instituting surveys at the cost of the State. As the prime objects of these surveys have been principally military, they have in most countries been carried out by specially trained officers of the general army staff, and are therefore known as Ordnance Surveys. In the United Kingdom the first attempt at a systematic survey was commenced in 1747 by General Watson and General Roy, and resulted in a map of the Scottish Highlands, with part of the Lowlands. In 1763 the projee~ for a general survey under the direction of General Roy was considered by the Government, but owing to foreign wars, procrastination, and other causes, it was not until 1784 that definite operations were commenced. On the Continent, in 1750, France was the first country to undertake a general survey, but now, in 1890, almost the whole of Europe has been mapped by its various States in beautiful and elaborate detail. Turkey, and its neighbours in the Balkan Peninsula, alone rest in a state of geographical torpor and inactivity, and in Spain, although there is progress, yet it is characteristically slow.

TA]~I~E SttOWING EXTENT OF DETAILED TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS THROUGHOUT THE ~VoRLD. ~

Arch hi Remarks . Area undergoil~g Are~, no t 11Tl(].(~,r - i Collt~l~2,~t~:~l Divi~ic~n~. 8q. Mil~s. Survey. go ing Survey.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :,ko,, Enrop~:, 3,757,000 3,413,000 I 344,000 All except T Bulgaria, Greece, i and Luxemburg. i [

Asia, 17,213,000 2,368,000 [ I4,845,000 OnlyIndia, Java, and part of Japan.

Africa, 11,515,000 280,000 11,235,000 Only Algeria, Trails, and Egypt.

North An)eric,s, 7 ,900,000 2,000,000 5,900,000 Geological Surveys of United States

! and Canada in i progress. South America, . 6,855,000 ...... 6,855,000 No detailed Surveys. Australasia. 3,200,000 ...... 3,200,000 Do. }-'olar l'legions, 2,000,000 , . ..... ~ 2,000,000 . Unexplored.

Totals, . 52,440,000 8,061,000 44,379,000 1

Taking a general view of the surveys of the world it will be seen from this table that, excepting the European States and their possessions, com- paratively little has been done, and that of the whole land-surface of the globe only about one-seventh has been exactly surveyed, while the remain- ing six-sevenths, with a population of about nine hundred millions, is only very imperfectly mapped. I t also appears tha t outside of Europe few States have attained to that stage of educ£tion or commercial importance

The figures here given are merely ai~l)roximate,

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THE MAPPING OF THE WORLD. 295

when the possession of an exact survey is a necessity, or, where such has actually been commenced, it is still far from completion, while there further exist large regions, as in Africa, without any civilised form of government, which are only very imperfectly known, if not altogether unexplored.

From the foregoing table it is evident that my work would be compara- tively simple if it did not go beyond the surveys, and give the best map which in the meantime stands in their stead. For almost every part of the world we have maps of a certain value, but it is desirable to know what that value is besides knowing that it is the best existing map. In order to give this information I have adopted a general classification which will suffice for ordinary reference.

To begin with, maps may be divided into two classes, Geographical and Topographical, the former being either general, such as maps of the world and the continents, or particular (called also chorographical), such as maps of countries and provinces. Topographical maps differ from Geographical by their extensive detail, and in order that every feature of the land-surface, both natural and artificial, may be represented, the scale mus~ be proportionally large. Where they exist, the topographical survey maps are what may be called the " m o t h e r maps," because it is fl'om them that all the smaller maps are produced. However, over the world at large the value of the "mother map" varies very much ; it is not always advanced to the topographical stage--for in some countries the l~es~ maps are very defective. In the map accompanying this part of my paper, I have used the following classification to give a general idea of the value of the best maps for every part of the world : --

]. Detailed Topographical Surveys, the result of exact trigonometrical work.

2. Topogra~)hical Maps, the result of general but not detailed survey. 3. Detailed Geographical Maps, fairly reliable throughout, compiled

from numerous observations and itineraries. 4. General Geographical Maps, in many cases only approximate or

hypothetical, sketched from single itineraries and reports. These main divisions are, however, very general, and will in many

cases be subdivided, as in dealing with the Maps of Europe, which here follow.

EUROPE. Topographical Government Surveys exist for almost the whole of

Europe, and in the case of the Balkan States, where the lethargy of the Turk has deterred him from mapping his country, the work is being done for him by the enterprise of the Russians, the Austrians, and the Germans, who seem more interested in the geography of the Balkan Peninsula than its own inhabitants.

As for different uses different scales of maps are required, I have thought it well to divide bhe maps of Europe into classes that may serve to guide the inquirer to the kind of map desired. The index letters agreeing with the following classification will be prefixed to each of the maps in the lists according to their scale.

A. 1 Detailed Topographical Surveys on scales from ] :20,000 to

1 In the list of Survey Maps I have only dealt with the general surveys of countries a~Jd 1lot t.~l<~.~ i/Ito aCCOUnt special local surveys aml town plans.

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296 TH E 5 [ A P P I N G OF T H E W O R L D :

1 : 100,000, from about ½ of a mile to 1½ miles to an inch, or such as show clearly the work on larger topographical plans, although they do not represent the single small details with the same clearness. Such maps are prepared principally for military, but are also valuable for economic and scientific, uses. In the case of the British Isles I have made an exception to Class A by including the six-inch survey, it being now almost completed for every part of the country.

B. Detailed Maps from the scale of 1:100,000 to 1:500,000 or from about 1 ~- to 8 miles to an inch, which, with increasing reduction of scale, demand a corresponding simplification of the material, but in which all the important features stand out, and less important details are generalised. The maps in this class show all the principal roads, and are the most generally useful for travellers or tourists.

C. General Maps from the scale of 1:500,000 to 1:1,500,000 or from about 8 to 24 miles to an inch. In these maps the simplification is carried still further, as the scale will only admit of the leading features being shown, such as the hill-ranges and principal peaks, larger streams and rivers, towns and villages, railways and principal routes.

Ti~e following tables have been carefully compiled from the various official catalogues and reports : only the most recent maps are noted, all old surveys have been omitted, and in every case, according to our know- ledge, only the best maps of each country are mentioned. In the compilation of the tables I must acknowledge my indebtedness to the kind assistance of Mr. Friedrich Bosse, especially in connection with his critical knowledge of foreign topographical maps.

THE TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS OF EUROPE.

Nnmes of ~ p s published by Private Firms are Trinted in Italics.

0 n l y t h e b e s t a n d m o s t r e c e n t G o v e r n m e n t a n d p r i v a t e p u b l i c a t i o n s a r e h e r c m e n t i o n e d .

COUNTRY.

CENTRAL ]~UROPF..

TtTLE OF 3lAP.

SCALE.

Natural M i l e s Scale. Inch

B. Topograi)hisi:he Spezia]karte yon Mittel-Europa (Rey- mannsch@ K6nigL Preuss., Generalsfab, Berlin, . . '1:200,000

B. Generaikarte You Central- Europa. K. K. Mflit. Geogr. I n s t i t u t , Wien, . :300,000

B. Generalkarte yon ~,Iitt el[ Europa. K.K. Milit. Geogr. Institut. , Wien, . . 1:200,000

C. Uebersiehtskarte yon l~Iittel- Europa. K. K. h[ilit. Geogr. i Institut., Wien, . . . 1 750,000 I

B. Carte de rEurope Centrale. :320,000

1 2~400,000 i I

:300,000!

D6p6t de la Guerre, Paris, . O. Carte militaire des princi-

paux Etats de l'Europe. Ddp6t de la Guerre, Paris, .

B. Speciu~ -Karte y o n M~tte~- Euvo~ca Won W, L~ebe~m. H. Oppgrmct~Tb, I ~ O V e T , .

3"1

4"7

3"1

l l ' S

5"0

'37"8

4"7

~HEETS DATE.

Total Number] Number _Issued"

796 4S7 1874

i 192 1!t'2 1878

8 1888

45 45 ] 1887 I

52 27 i1568-77 I I

4 4 11832 86 !

164 16~ I 1889 J

PRICE PER

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T H E T O P O G R A P H I C A L ~ [ A P S O F E U R O P E . 297

~CALE* ~HEETS,

COUNTRY.

Central v.~trop e --continued.

M E D I T E R - R A N E A N .

A U S T R I A - H U N G A R Y . ~

TITLE OF ~[AP.

Uebe~s~cht der Eisel~bahne',, eittschtiesslicl~ dvr projeetiq'te~ Li?~ie?v) tier Gewiisser ~¢nd ha~tptaiiehliehste~,~ Strasseu. Berli~v : Berl~a~ r Lithoffr. la- stitut, . . . . . 1:1,250~00~

(L fi,(ctb, Sl~e~:i~d-Ii~lrte lb!'r Bise~- t,r~h~ J~ost- to~d i)~<mpfschiff- Vel'b~ndt~t~,ge~. Mgttet-E~'r~:~' s Rev. vo.~ IV. KoJ~. G~oga~ : Fh~a~ming, . . . . 1:11250>00(1

C. Carte des ehemins de fer. Serv. Geogr. de l 'arm4e, . 1:1~200,000

C. D~,s MittellSndlsche Meet. Vo~ Dr. A . Peter~qn~. Goth(! : Jllstas Perthes) . . . 1:31500,000

i

A. Neue Spezia lkar te der Oester- [ reiehisch-Ung-~risehen Mort- I archie und des Okkupa t ions - l gebietes . Gradabtef lungs- I ka r te (30' la t . 15' long.) K. I K. Mil i t . Geograph. Inst i tu~. [

19"7

19"7

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55'2

1'18

4'73

11'83

18'93

760

72

14

60

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in Wien. (W B. Genera lka r te d

Ungar i schen K. 3[ili t . Geo

i C. Ne~te Uebers i Oes~erreich-I

(L Die Oes ter re ich ) Ionarch ie sehen Ein~ei Ortsgemeind, mehr E i n w o l

(L Die K. K. Oes isehe Monar O k k u p a t i o n s un4 tier Her:

4

A U S T R I A .

))

BOHEMIA.

BOSNIA.

C A R I N T H I A . CARNIOLA. DALMATIA.

sore( t r ical) , C. Kt~rte yon Oes

Von C. Voff( (7otha : Jus tus Perthes, . . 1:1,500,00t

C. Uc~bers~cht der Eise~bahnen dcr Oesterrc~chisch - ungarische~ MonnrcMe. Wien. : Artar~a ~(:: Co., . . . . . 1:1,000100t

('. ¢;c~tcra~-Strasse~-ut~d Orts&trte ,b:r Oe~'t~'rrcich-U~g~ri~chei~ Moa,c~rehie. Wien ." Arta~'gct & Co . . . . . . . 1:11296,901

1~. ,8~ecicll-7.'(~rte vo~ Oesterreick !~nter tier E~ns. Vo~ R. A. Schulz. Wien : Ar tar ia & Co., t 1" 324 OO0

B. ,~)~l!l~ial-karte des Erzherz. Oester- : i "re~ch ob der El~ns. VO~, A, StieM~mtser. Wier~ : Avto..ria &Co., . . . . . 1 43 OOO

B. t ;ea.eral&~erte von B6hme~. I7o~b A. St(~i~ha~lsev. Wien : I A rt(l.eia & Co.~ . . . . 1 : 432~000

C. Gclu:rcd-Post- u)~ l Strassei~karte ; w~b Biih~ltel~. Vo~, F. Fried. ] Wield: Artar iac~Co. , . . [1:6421000

B. General-kar te yon Bosnien u n d [ der Herzegowina. K. K. N i l i t . Geograph. I n s t i t u t . in I Wien, . . . . . [1 : 150,000

,'~ce Alps and Austr ia-Hm~gary) I ,S'~e Alps and Aus t r i a -Hungary , .<,~' A ~str ia- t Im gary, . .

14"20

23"67 J

15"78

20"4

5"1

6"8

6'8

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6

1

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6 1887

4 1889

6 1881-88

4 1881

1 1881

1 1881

1 1886

1 1886

19 1884-85 2s.

] Age~tt : 11 LecT~ner, FieJ~i..

VOL. VI. V

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298 T H E M A P P I N G O F T H E W O R L D :

COUNTRY.

A u s t r i a - H u n g a r y - - c o n t i n u e d . GALICIA.

GOERZ AND ISTRIA.

(Ktistenland). HUNGARY.

MORAVIA. A]~D

SILESIA.

STYRIA.

TYROL AND VORARLBERG.

BA~K~N S T A T K S . ~

BOSNIA, BULGARIA,

&ND E A S T E R ~ ROUMELIA

GREECE

TITLE OF MAP.

B. Adn~in i s t ra t i vkar te vo~ dei~ K6nigre iche~ Gal i z i en u m l L o d w n i r i e n . Fo~ .Kummerer , l ~ t t e r verb K~emmsrsberg. W i e n : Art~¢r~a & Co., . .

C . General.Post- u ~ d Strassen-~arte des K6n igre i cks Gal t z icn u nd Lodomi~ie~. V o ~ . A . S c h ~ I z . W i e ~ : A r r a i g n ~ Go., . .

See Austr ia-Hungary,

B. Kar te des KSnigreiehs Ungarn K . K . Milit. Geogr. hmti tu t . in Wien . . . . .

B. K a r t s der Markgra f scha f t Miihren ~t~d des Herzogthu~ns Schlevier~ Vo~ A . S te inhauser . W i e n : A r t a r i a & Co., . . .

B. Gel~erat-post- qtnd S trassenkar le des Herz . S te iermavk . Vo~t R . A . Schulz. M e n : Astari(~ d~ Co., . . . . .

g . K a r t s you T iro l u n d Vtn'- ar~berg. Vo~ A . Steinha'~se'r. W i e n : A ~ ' t ~ ' ~ & Go., . .

See Alps and Aust r ia-Hungary B. Generalkarte you Central-

Europa. K . K . Milit. Geogr. Institu~.,Wien. (See Europe),

C. Der Europ~iische Or ien t K. K. Milit. Geogr. lns t i tnt . , Wien, . . . . .

B. Map of tlle Easteru Pa r t of the Balkan Peninsula (in Rus- sian). Mili tary Topogr. Bureau, St. Petersburg, .

B. Special Map of Turkey in Europe (in Russian). Mili- t a ry Topogr. Bureau, St. Petersburg, . . .

C. Von Scheda's Generalkarte der Bcdka~dib~der. Vo~ A . Ste in- ha~tser na~h de:~b ~eus te~ offic~elle~vMaterlaIicn g~nzl ieh ~mgearbei tet . W icn : A r t a r i a

Co., . . . . . C. Generalkar ts der 8~tdost Euro -

2~/iischen Ha~b~nseL Vo~ H. Kiepert . Die tr ic~ Re~mer, Ber l in , . . . . .

C. K ar t s der Ba~k'anhalbinsel vo~ C. Vogel. W i t h i udsx . Gotha : Ju s tu s Perthes, .

See Austr ia-Hmlgary. B. Map of Bulgaria, Eastern

Roumelia, etc. (in Russian). Mili tary Topo.~r. Bureau, St. Petersburg, .

B. Carte de la Bulgarie. D6pbt de la Guerre, Paris, . .

B. Specia~-karte voTt Bu lgar i e~ . Iron H. Kieper t . BerliT~ : Diet¢ieh ile~mer, . . .

B. Special-k(o'te veto Oestliehea Rume l i en . Iron H . Kiepert . BerZ~n : Die t r i ch Re imer , .

C. Bulgav~e et Rmtmkl ie Orientals. Par E . B ianconi . Londo~v: Tamiq~ , . . . .

See Europe, No. 2. B. Carte de la Grace. D@St de

la Guerre, Paris, .

SCALE. ~ SHEETS.

Natural Scale.

1 : 115,200

1 : 880,000

1 : 144,000

1 : 482,000 I w

1 : 400,000

1 : 432,000

1 : 300,000

I:I,200,000

i : 126,000

1 : 420,000 I

[ : 864,000

[:1,500,000

[:1,500,000

[ : 210,000

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S~EETS.

T H E M A P P I N G O F T H E W O R L D :

SCALE.

COUNTRY. TITLE OF MAP. ' ! Na tu ra l

1 Scale. r

D ~ N M A R K . A. Nalebordsbladene , . . . 1:20,000 I A. Kaar t over Jyd land , . • I1:40,000

Genera ls tabens Topografiske. I Kaar t over Kongenge t , Dan- m a r k . . . . . 1 : 80 000

A. Danmark. De Danske Oer I / 1 : 80,000, Bornhohn 1:40,00011:40~000 I

B. Generaikaar$ over Jyd l and , . 1:160,000 I B. Genera lkaa r t over Sjaeland,

Moeen, Laa l an d o g F a l s t e r , 11:160,000] B. G e n e r a l k a ~ e yore KSnigre ich I ]

D~nemark m i t H e r z o g t u m 1 [ Sehleswig , . . . / 1:480,000h

C. Dl'inemark u n d seine Nebel~- I ] h';Auf~): Yon C. Vogel~. . /1:1,500,000.~

FRANO~". "-' ]A. Carte Topograph iqne de la France (hypsometr ieal) . Pub- li~e l~ar le DdpTt de le Gnerre (only on German Front ier) , . . . . 1 : 50,000

A. Cal%e de la France de l 'E t a t - major. Publ ide pa r le D~- p6t de la Guerre. Edi t ion I Z inkograph ique , . . . l1:80,000

I A. Carte de la France. DressTe par le Service v lc ina l pa r ]

i ordre du Minist~re de F in-1 tdr iear , . . . . . t l : 100,000

B. Carte de la Frm,ce. Dress~e, / gravde e t publ ide par le ] Service geographique de

t l 'arm~e, . . . . . I1 : 200~000 3"1 B. Car te de l a France, . . . :1:320,000 5"0 B. Carte de l a France. Dress6e t

an DTpTt des For t i i l ca t ions I [ It',(hyps°me~rical~t~ m" eolour), . II :500,000 I 7'8

C. ,r,~ vow Frankreich. Von C. I I Vogel, wi th Index. Gotha: I I &~stus Perthes, . . . t ' l 500,000 28"6

C. Carte de ~¥a~ee. Vivien de I " ' I St. Martin. Par$s : Hachette, I t:l,250,000] 19"7

C. Carte SpieSale des ehemf~s de fer ! de la F~'a~ce. P~tbti~e d'apr~s lee documents offic~els 1~ar la Librai~ge Chaix, l~avis . 12"6

! C. Ca*'te d~s ehequ'~s de f i r , de l'a Fralve. Par i s : Andr;veau. Goujon, . . . . . 21"9

C. C, rte physique et politique de bl ! F'rance. Par 21aud-Evrard i et Levasse~lr. ParRs : Dela- I grave, . . . . . [1:800,000 ! 12"6

C. Carte physique et ffSographique I I de la France. Pa r 1L Leu- ! zinger, Zurich : Wuster ~ I ffo.~ . . . . . i1:2,000~0001 31"5

GP.RMAN A. Kar te des Deutsehen Reiehes. I Gradab t e i l ungska r t e (30' I

~'~JPIR~"'3 long. 15' la t . ) Herausgegeben I yon den Generals t~ben der I K6nigre iche Preussen , I Sachsen, Bayern u n d dem ! s t a t i s t i s eh - topograph i schen Bi i reau des KSnigre ichs I Wti r t temberg , . . . i l :100,000 1'5

B. Ueber s l ch t ska r t evonSi idwes t - [ deu t sch land bis zu den Alpen m i t Tei len angrenzender Litnder. Herausgegeben yon I i dem K. Bayr i sehem Tope- [ I g raphischem Biireau, . . i] : 250,000 I 3"9

~otal

1209 I31

29

6 9

3

1

1

1092

937 (273)

596

81 33

15

4

4

1

674

24

300

a Age~¢t : G. E. C. Gad~ Cope~hagen. 2 Agent : Hachette and Cie., Paris. s A gents : L..qchropp, and Eisenechm'idt, Berlir~.

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T H E T O P O G R A P H I C A L M A P S O F E U R O P E . 301

COUNTRY.

aerma~ ~.mpiro --continued.

ALSACE- LORRAINE.

BADEN.

BAVARIA. I

HESSE.

TITLE OF !~AP.

6'. Karte des Deut~chen l~e~ehes. Volt C° Vogel. WitkI~dex. Gotha: Justus Perthes, . . .

C. Sachsen, Thiiringen ~mdbe~cwh- barte L ~ d e r yen C. Vogvl. Gvtha : dustus l~erthes, . 1 : 925,000

B. Top~graphische Karte vom Thih-inger Wald yon C. Vogel. Gotha : Justus _Perthes, . . 1 : 150,000

A. Part,ge-Karten veto Th~ixinger Wald. Von Vogel, f i l s und [ Kaupert. Gotha : Just~ls I Perthes, . . . . . ] :60,000

C. Uebersichtskarte derEisenbahne~ Deutschlands, bearbeitet im Re~chse~senb~ehn~t,mt. Ber~,in: Mittler ~" Sohn, . . 1:1,000,000

E. St~ezial-karte des de~tschet~ Reichslandes El~r~s-Lothrin- ge~ Von H. Kiepert. IJerld'~ : f). Rei~aer. . . . . 1 : 250,000

A. Provisorische Kar te yon EI- sass-Lothringen. Die ein- zelnen Sek'~ionen werden naeh Massgabe des Er- schelnens tier entsprechen- den Bl~tter der Kar te des Deutschen Reiches aus deln Handel gezogen (1 : 100,000) ]1 : 80,000

A. Topographische Karte veto Grossherzogtum Baden. Heraasgegeben veto Gross- herzogl. Milit. Topogr. Biireau. Neuausgabe er- scheint sei t 1876 seitens der K~Jnigl. preuss. Landesauf- nahme, . . . . . l1:50,000

A Neue topopographisehe Kar te / veto Grossherzogtum Baden. Gradabtei lungskarte (10' long. 6' laK) Bearbeitet veto Grossherzogl. badisehen to- pographisehen Biireau der Oberdirektion des Wasser- und Strassenbaues (Handels- minister ium), . . . 1 : 25,000

B. Uebersichtskar te yon Baden. Herausgegeben yore Grossher zogl. Milit. Topogr. Bt[reau. 1:200,000

B, Generalkarte yon Baden. Heransgegeben veto Gross- herzogl. Milit. - Topogr. Biireau, . . . . . : 400,000

A. Posit ionskarte yon Ba'yern. Herausgegeben VOnl Milit.- Topogr. Blireau des K6nigl. Bayrisehen Generalstabes, . . : 25,000

A. Topographiseher At las yon Bayern (Bayrische General- s tabskarte) Seit 1854 in Neubearbeitung, . . L : 50,000

A. Kar te des DeutschenReiches[ Anteil Bayerns. Herausge- geben vom KSnigl. Bayr. topograph. Bii~eau, . . t :I00,000

B° Kar te vom Grossherzogtmn Hessen und den angren- zenden L~indern. Herausge- geben vom Grossherzogl. Generalquart ienneisterstab, t : 250,000

B. I t6henscbichtenkarte des GrossherzogtUms Hessen nnd der angrenzenden L~in- der, . . . . . [ : 250,000

~CALE. ~HEETSo

Natural ]Miles to[ Total iNumbel DATE. ~cale. Inch. iNumberl Issued. i

q

[:I,500,000 i 23"6 4 4 1889 i

I 14"5

2"3

0"9 i

] '5

3'9

1"2

0"7

0"3

3"I

6"1

0'3

0'7

1"5

3"9

3"9

88

55

1 1888

1 1880

5 1880

4 1889

4 1888

88 1871-78

55 1838-49

170 170 .876-89

6 6 ~855-64

1 1 1868

990 225 1875

[812-67 112 112

80 21 1878

2 2 1867

2 2 1874

)RIC PER HEE!

6S

3S.

lS.

5S.

& 1:

6d.

2S.

3s. 4S. 6d.

ls. 4d.

4

ls . ~d.

~'& 12. d"

ls .

5s.

6s.

1 Agent : Ziterar. Artist. Anstali Munich.

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302 T H E M.APPING OF T H E W O R L D :

COUNTRY.

German Empire - - c o n t i n u e d . LIPPE.

O L D E N B U R G .

PRUSSIA,

,p

~AXONYJ

WURTEMBERGJ

TITLE OF ~T¢~AP.

A. Karte vom Ffirstentum Lippe. Herausgegeben yon der Fttrstl. Lippeschen Regis- rung, . . . .

A. Topographisehe Karte des Grossherzogtums Oldenburg

B. Generalkarte yon dem Gross- herzagtum Oldenburg,

A. MesstischblS.tter vom Preus- siseheu 8taate mit Ein- sehluss der Thiiringischen Staaten, Anhaltisehen und Braunschweigisehen Lar/de, IIessen und Elsass-Loth- ringen, . . . . .

A. Topographische Karts der Provin~ Hannover, des Her- zogtums Braunschweig (Papensehe Karts) Neuaus- gabs 1869, . . . .

A• Generalstabskarte yon Rhein- land und Westfalen, nebst Birkenfeld.' Verschwindet nach Herstellung der deut- scher Einheitskarte, .

A. Karts yon Hohenzollern: Gradabteilungskarte (20' long. 12' lat.), • •

A. Karts des Deutsehen Reiches: AntellPreussens. Bearbeitet yon der Kbnigl. Preussischen Landes aufnahme, . .

B. Ke~rte der 2heSnprov~nz und der P,rov~nz W~tfalen. Von W. Liebenow. z3erlin : Berliner Lithogr. Institut, .

]3. Uebersiehtskarte der Verwal: tungsbezirke der KSnigL Preuss. Eisenbahndirek- tionen, etc. Berlin: Shropp,

A. Topographische Spezialkarte des KSnigreiehs Sachsen. Bearbeitet vom topographi- schen Bfireau des KSnigl. S~ehs. Generalstabes, .

A. Topogral~hischer Atlas des K~nigreichs- Sachen. Heraus- gegeben you der K~nigl. ~ e h s . Plankammer, .

A. Topographische Karts des KSnigreiehs Sachsen. Ora- dabteilungskarte (30' long. 15' lat.). Anteil Sachsens an der Karts des Deutschen Reiches~ . . . .

B. Karts des Kb'nigrsichs Sachsen "yon, Th. vo~ ~omsdorff . Leipzig : Hin~ehs, . °

A. Topographiseher Atlas yon W~rttemberg. Heransgege- ben veto K~nigl. Wtirttemb. Landosamt, ~ . . . .

A. Horizontalkurvenkarte veto KSnigreieh W~rttemberg. tterausgegeben you der KSnigl. Wii~tt emberg. Eisen- bahnbaueommission, .

A. Kaxte des Deutschen Reiches: Anteil Wiirttembergs, .

B. Generalkarte des KSnigreichs Wfirttemberg nebst angren- zenden Landergebieten, .

B. Karte des KSnigreichs W~rt- temberg: . . . .

1 Ager~ts : W. Eugdmann, C. Hi~r~chs. 2 Agent : IV. Kohlhan~er, Stuttgart.

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T H E T O P O G R A P H I C A L MAPS O F E U R O P E .

COUNTRY.

I T A L Y .~

TITLR OF .~AP.

A. T a v o l e t t e r i l e v a t e , .

A . C a r t a de l R e g n o d ' I ca l i a , A. CarLa d e l l a L o m b a r d i a , de l

V e n e t o e de l l ' I t a l i a c e n t r a l s ,

N E T H E R L A N D S . :

L U X E M B U R G .

NORWAY. a

B. C a r t a d e l l s P r o v i n c e Napo l e - Cane, . . . . :. .

B. Carca de l l ' i s o l a d i S l e l h a e deUe 3 C a l a b r i e , . . .

B. C a r t e de l l ' isola di Sieilia, . C. C a ~ co rog ra f l c a de l l ' I t a l i a

s u p e r i o r s e c en t r a l e , . . C. C a r t a d ' I t a l i a , . . . . C. C a r t a d ' I c a l i a , . . . . A. Carta topografica del Gran Sasso

d' Ital'ht, Club A IF~uo Ital~ano, C. Karts vo)~ Italien Vo~ C. Vogel,

witk Inde$. Gotkc~ : Jv.stus Perthes, . . . .

Carta Altim2trica et Batometr~c(~ dell' Italia, const,r~tta e di- segnatadaGuidoCora. Turin: Guido Cora, . . .

C. Special-karts vo~ Mtttel-Italte~ m~t Beriicksicht~gung des Alterthu~¢. Vo~ H. Kiepert. Berli~ : 1). ~e~aer, . .

C. tVeue Ge~er(d-~rte vo~ Unter- Jtalie~. Vo~ H. l~iepert. Bet'li~b : ]). l~e~mer,

A. T o p o g r a p h i s e h e K a a r t d c r ] A. N e d e r l a n d e n , . . .

T o p o g r a p h i s e h e en Mi l i ca i r e K a ~ r t "qan h e r K o n i n g r i j k N e d e r l a n d e n , . . .

A. W a t e r s c a a t s k a a r t v a n N e d e r - }and, . . . . .

B . T o p o g r a p h i s c h e A t l a s v a n h e r K o n i n g r i j k d e r N e d e r l a n d e n ,

C. H o o g t e k a a r t v a n N e d e r l a n d , . • K a a r t t ie r R e v i e r c n eu K a n a l e n

in N e d e r l a n d m e t A a n d u i - t u n g d e r S c h e e p v a r t b e w e - g u n g , . . . . . .

B. Kaart van her Koningmj~ de,.

.'~eder~c~nd.e~. 2$accr de Topo- gmfisehe ~aart. De E. Geest Amsterd~m: Se~ffe~rdt, . . 1 : 3 0 0 , 6 0 0

B. Kc~rt va~ her Ko~ngr~jk de'," Nederlanden. Hague: Smulders 1 : 400,000

C. K(!rte der lqiedvrl¢~de und i~elgien. Von C. Vogel. Gotha : Just~ls l)erthcs, . l:l,llO)O0(

A. C a r t e d u G r a n d - D u c h 6 de L u x e m b o n r g , . . 1 ; 40)000

A. C a r t e d u O r a n d - D u e h 4 de Luxembourg, 1 : 00,000

A. T o p o g r a f i s k K a a r t o v e r k o n - g e r i g e t N o r g e , . . . 1 : 100,000

B . A m t s k a r t e r , . . . . 1 : 200,000 C. Cam~)~er~eyer' s ~e{se~t~r~ evvr

det Sydlige Norge, Fed Nisseu. Kri~tiania : Cammermeyer, . 1 : 800,000

~B. Lomme Reise~art over IVorge. Udarbeidet a f Oska~ Niel~e~. Kri~ttania : Cammerraeyer, 1 : ~00,000

G. Veikart over Norge, Udarbsidet a fS . Waligorski og I9. Wer- geland, . . . . . 1 : 700,000

C. Fei~art over Norge (!f P. A. ;~Iunsh, . . . . . I : 70,000

3 3

1 1

1 1

9

4

68 32

2

10

2

4

1888

1887

1888

1862

1861

1869- 1826

1884

1869

1889

1889

303

1 Agent : 1nsttt. :o2~ogr. m4~it., ~7ovence. ~ Agent : M. i~ijhoff, Amsterdem. a Agent : Geog,. 02m~al~ng ~ Chr~stia~d~e.

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304 THE 5 I A P P I N O OF T H E W O R L D :

COI'NTRY.

PORTUGAL.

RUSSIA.

SPAIN. 1

SWEDEN. ~

SWITZERLAND.

TITLE (IF 1%IAl'.

A. Carta ehorograpbica dos Reinos de Portugal e Algarve,

17;. Carta geographiea de Portugal. Publicado per Ordem de Sua Magestade, . . . .

C. Kar t s ~ o n ,SpaT~i~en un(~ Portq~- gaL Vo~ C.. Vogel. Witl~ Iudex, . . . . .

'; VidalL, Ma 2 o f Port~tgal, . . • M(~pa gene~'o~t d~ la Pen insu la

Iberica, b l a s Ba lmre% Cane- ~tas y Po~esio.iles Espan~Ic!s, .

][3. Topographical Nap of Russia (3 verst), in Russ . . . .

B. Topographical Nap of Poland (8 verst), in Russ., . .

B. Special Map of Russia in Europe (10 verst). (General Strjel- bitzki), in Russ., . . .

C. Mil i tary Road-Map of Russia in Europ% in Russ., .

C. Oro-hydrographical ~iap o~' Russia in Europe, in Russ.,

C. Kc~te ' yon Ost.El~ropa. ;Ton A . Pe termann. Stieler's Hand- At las , . . . . .

C. Generatkavts des R~ssischen l~eiehes iq~ Europa. Von H. Kiepevt , . . . .

C. Ueberslehtskarte v ~ a West}~chen J:TtssZand. Von O'Grady. Kt!s- sel : Fischer . . . . .

0. Ge~era~ u n d ,~trassenkarte ~,on West-Russland. Vo.;~ G. Frei- h~g. WiSE : Ar tar ia ~ Co., .

C. ]=lyp.-ometrieal Map of Russia iEE. (in Russ). RyA. Tillo,

A. Mapa topographieo de Espafia bajo la direction de C. Ibafiez de Ibero, .

B.~F. Co(!llo : Atlas de Espaha y sus Pesesiones de Ultramar,

B. Mapa itinerario mili tar de Es- paEa, . . . . .

O. 31[apa de Espafm de C. Ibafxez de Ibero, . . . .

0. Karte yon Spanie~ uo~d,Portugal. Ven C. Voge l W i t h I n d e x , .

A. Oeneratstabc~ls Karta 6fver Sverig% . . . .

13. I tSjdkar ta bfver siJdra och mellersta Sverige, . .

B. Karta iSfver Sverige, . . B. Karta 5fret Stockhohns Lan., C. Postkarta, . . . . C. Generalkarta 5fret Sverige, . C. Karts voor Ost-Europa. Iron.

A . Petermc~n~. See l tnssia, . C. Kt~rta 5fret Sve~'ige, Norge,

Damr~rk , oeh F in land . Af . C. KjellstrS¢l~. Stodcholm : G. Beliers, . . . .

C. Geaera~ Kar ta 6fver Sver$ge, Norge och De, nqnark, etc. Stockhobl~ : Hah%

A. Topographischer Atlas der ~ehweiz (Siegfried - Atlas) B l i t t e r a~s dem Flach und Hhgelland 1:25,000, aus dem Gebirgslande 1:50,000,

SCALE.

Natural iles i Scale. rich.

. : I00,090 1"5

: 5OO:0O0 7"8

L:l,500,OOOi 23"6 [ : 570,240 9"0

[ : 750,000 11"8

I : 126 ,00e 1"9

I : 126,000 1"9

l : 420:000 6"6

l:l,05O,O0 16"5

1:2,520,60 39"7

1:3,760,00 583

1:3,0Q0,000 47'3

1:1,750,000 27"G

:1,500,000 23"6

.:2,520,000 89 '7

[:50~000 ] 0'7

[ : 200 ,000 ! 3'1 x

i : 500,000 7"8

,:l,~OO,OOO l ~8.6 1:1,~oo,oo0{ 28.6

i : 10O,000 / 1 "5 !

1:500,000/ 7'8 1 : 500,0001 7"8 1 : 200,000 / 8"1 1 : 800,000 12"6 1:1:000 0001 15'7

1:3~700,000 i 58"8

1:2,000,000 31'5

1:1,000,000 15"7

1 : 25,000 0"3

1 : 60,000 0'7

SHEETS.

Total Number Number[ Issued•

87 28

1 1

4 4 2 2

S

792 49]

53 5~

157 15~

16 1(

6 (

{

1080

60 i

20 2

1

4

234 7

10 ]

4

t40"~5

1121

PRICE DATE. PER

SHEET.

1856 ls.

1860-70 4S.

1890 68. 1889 17 sh

1882 128. 6(

1857- 3S. 2d

1877 3S. 5d

865)-8 28.[6'

1871 ls.'!

1885 8s.

1889 8d.

188~ 10s.

1888

1888

1888

1875

184,8

1866

1884

1890

1821

1886 1887 1886 1887 1865

1889

1888

1887

t0] 1870

1 Agent : Inst. Geog.r. y sstc~d, Ma(b~d. ~ Age~ts : Bonuiev. Gen, eraZstat ~itogr. Anstal t , Stockhol~l.

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T I I E T O P O G R A P H I C A L M A P S OF E U R O P E . 305

COUNTRY.

S w i t z e r l a n d ~-- continued.

ALPS.

TITLE OF i~AP.

A. Topographisehe Karte der Schweiz (Dufour-Karte), .

B. General-karts der Schweiz, . B. Oesammtkarte der Schweiz, . C. 8~dwes t - Deutschland u n d die~

SchaveSz q;on U. Vogel. Gotha: J~stus Pe~hes, . . .

B . . K a r t s des BaTher Obezlandes yon 1~. Leuzinger, . . .

Bern. S c ~ d , Frandce, ~ Co., B. Neue Kar t s der Sckweiz yon R.

Zeuz~nger. Bern : Schmid, Fra~cke ~ Co., . . .

B . Physikal~sche Tou~'isteqdcarte der Sckweiz vo~ R. Leuz~ger . B e r n : Sehm~d, Franeke

C. Kle ine phys~kalische T c ~ s t e n - karte der Sehweiz vo~ 1~. Zeu- zinger, l~ern : Schmid,

Fra~wke c~ Co., , . .

C. Rel ie fkar te der Schweiz yon ~ . Lenzia~ger. Zitrich : Wuster ¢ Co., . . . . .

B . Karte der Sehweiz voa J. M. Ziegler, Z i i~ch : iVusler ~'

~. Touv~stenkarte de~ CentroP- Schweiz you J. v. Tschudi. St. Gallen : Scheit l in & Zoll i- kofer, . . . . .

B. The enlarged A l~ ine Chub M a p of Switzer land, .

B . The A lp ine Chtb Map o f "Switz- er~a~cl, . . . . .

B . Karts der Ost-Alpe.~ yon L . P~menstein. F r d n i ' f u r t a / M . ,

B . A t las der Alpeqqlgnder u n d yon Mitten. I talian yon J. G. M a y r . Goth¢ : Just~s PeTthes,

2 . Tvu~s tenkar ten der Oester~.- Sa~zburger- u n d Tyroler-Al- Ten voq~ It. Maschek. W i e n :

, A r ta r ia $ Co., . . . 1). Ydarte der A lpe~ ~on Prod~ Dr.

I4. Berghc!us (J. G. May~9. Dara~ls einzeln : 1. Die Seh~veizer A lpe~ (4 Blatt). 2. Die Ost-Alpen (4 Blatt). Gotha : Justus Perthe% .

C. Karte der Alpen. vo~, Bodensee his W i e n u n d T~es t yon H. Petters ~ A . Walteaberger. A~gsb~ rg : La~nperts AITA~er Verlag, . . . . .

C. A lpenkar te ¢'0~ Tyro l q~it de~ Angrenzenden The~len ~on Bayern, Salzb~rg, 8teier. mark , Ki~rnten, K r a l n , Ober. l t a l i e~ ~t~d der Schweiz ~on Ch. M~chet. Miinche'~ : Fi~s- terlein, . . . . . 1 : 600~000 9'4

B. Karts des Alpenlandes von I~a~l- dagger. O~'ohydrographische u n d Politische Ausgabe. 1 : 500,000 Ziirleh : W~ster c~ Co., . 7'8

C. Ueber~ichtskarte tier Alpenl~in- deq'. Vor~ V. v. H a a r d t Wieq~: Ed. H6lzeZ, . . . . i1:1,0~,000 15"7

B. ~elieflRe~sekartevon Nvrd-Tiro l ,

1 : 500,000

Salzbu.rg u n d den angrenzen- den Geb~eten. Von R. Zmt- zinger. Augsb~trg : Lclmpart, 7"8

SCALE. SHEETS.

{iles to Total Numbei Inch. /NUlnber Issued.

I "5 25 3"9 16 7"8

14'5 2

8"1 1

6'3 1

7'8 1

19"6 1

8"3 1

5"9 1

B'9 1

3 'O 8;

8'9 4

5 : 250,000 3'9

: 450,000 7"1 11 11

: 1')9,600 2"0 11 11

: 450,000 7"1 8 8

: 860,000 13 '5 1 1

2 2

9 9

2 2

1 1

DATE.

1842-65 1867-73

1881

1888

L887

t887

L882

1878

1884

1885

1887

188~

188~

1881

1884

188~

1884

1882

1888

1889

1889

1)RICE PER

SHEET.

:S.--2S, 28.

ls. 6d.

8d.

L16--81',

41-61~

4s. 6d.

6d.

3s.

10s.

218--4/

ls. 6d.

12s.

5s.--6s.

216--~16

2s.--2s.8(

10s.

2s. --4s.

3s.

19s.--25~'

6s. 3d.

* Agent : Schmidtj F r a ~ k and Cie , Bern.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [

Rad

boud

Uni

vers

iteit

Nijm

egen

] at

05:

01 0

3 N

ovem

ber

2014