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THE MEANING OF LOVE AS SEEN IN MATTHEW
CHARLES SANDERS’ “WARMNESS ON THE SOUL”
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro
Student Number: 141214064
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2018
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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THE MEANING OF LOVE AS SEEN IN MATTHEW CHARLES
SANDERS’ “WARMNESS ON THE SOUL”
A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree
in English Language Education
By
Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro
Student Number: 141214064
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2018
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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DEDICATION PAGE
I dedicate this undergraduate thesis to:
Jesus Christ
Drs. Ag. Sardjono Hadisurjo
Sri Suwantini
“They don't understand you And they hate what they don't understand
You are more than they'll ever know” Arch Enemy – Reason to Believe
“You rise you fall You down then you rise again What don't kill you will make you more strong” Metallica – Broken, Beat & Scarred
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STATEMENTS OF WORK'S ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or
parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the
references as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, September 10, 2018
The Writer
Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertandata tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama : Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro
Nomor Mahasiswa : 141214064
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
THE MEANING OF LOVE AS SEEN IN MATTHEW CHARLES SANDERS’
“WARMNESS ON THE SOUL”
beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan
dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data,
mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media
lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun
memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai
penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta
Pada tanggal: 10 September 2018
Yang menyatakan
Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro
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ABSTRACT
Widiasmoro, Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo. (2018). The Meaning of Love as Seen in
Matthew Charles Sanders' “Warmness on the Soul”. Yogyakarta: English Language
Education Study Program. Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of
Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.
This study analyzes a song entitled “Warmness on the Soul” written by
Matthew Charles Sanders, the vocalist of an American heavy metal band, Avenged
Sevenfold. It tells about the love between a man and his lover. He gives his heart
because he is being loved by his lover.
The aim of this study is to reveal the meaning of love in Matthew Charles
Sanders' song, “Warmness on the Soul”. In order to reveal the meaning of love in the
song, the researcher has formulated two problems. They are “How is the character 'I'
described in the Matthew Charles Sanders’ song 'Warmness on the Soul'?” and “What
is the meaning of love in Matthew Charles Sanders' song 'Warmness on the Soul'?”.
There are two sources used in this study. The primary source is the song
“Warmness on the Soul”, written by Matthew Charles Sanders. The secondary
sources are taken from printed books, e-books, and the internet. There are theories
applied in this study, namely theory of poetry, theory of character, theory of
characterization, theory of motivation, and theory of love. The approach used in this
study is psychological approach.
Based on the analysis, there are two findings. The first finding shows “I” is
loyal, loving, and dependent. The second finding is the meaning of love in the song. It
is divided into literal meaning and deeper meaning. The literal meaning of love in the
song is categorized as companionate love. The deeper meaning of love in the song is
categorized as agape, love between human and God.
There are two suggestions in this study. The first is that the song “Warmness
on the Soul” can be used as one of the materials to teach in Poetry class, or in
Listening class. The second suggestion is for the future researchers. The researcher
suggests that the future researchers use post-structuralism approach and
deconstruction theory to find the deeper meaning of the song.
Keywords: Warmness on the Soul, Avenged Sevenfold, meaning, love
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ABSTRAK
Widiasmoro, Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo. (2018). The Meaning of Love as Seen in
Matthew Charles Sanders' “Warmness on the Soul”. Yogyakarta: Program Studi
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan
dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Penelitian ini menganalisis sebuah lagu berjudul “Warmness on the Soul”
yang ditulis oleh Matthew Charles Sanders, penyanyi dari sebuah band heavy metal
dari Amerika Serikat, Avenged Sevenfold. Lagu ini bercerita tentang cinta antara
seseorang dan yang ia cintai. Ia memberikan hatinya karena ia telah dicintai oleh
yang ia cintai.
Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengungkap makna cinta dari lagu “Warmness
on the Soul” karya Matthew Charles Sanders. Untuk mengungkap makna cinta pada
lagu tersebut, peneliti telah merumuskan dua masalah. Rumusan masalah tersebut
adalah “Bagaimana 'I' dideskripsikan pada lagu Matthew Charles Sanders, 'Warmness
on the Soul'?” dan 'Apa makna cinta dari lagu Matthew Charles Sanders, 'Warmness
on the Soul'?”.
Penelitian ini menggunakan dua sumber. Sumber utama adalah lagu
“Warmness on the Soul” yang ditulis oleh Matthew Charles Sanders. Sumber kedua
diambil dari buku cetak, e-book, dan dari internet. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori-
teori, seperti teori puisi, teori karakter, teori karakterisasi, teori motivasi, dan teori
cinta. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikologis.
Bedasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, terdapat dua hasil penelitian. Hasil
pertama menunjukkan bahwa “I” adalah sosok yang setia, penuh kasih, dan sosok
yang bergantung pada orang lain. Hasil kedua adalah makna cinta pada lagu tersebut
yang dibagi menjadi makna tertulis dan makna mendalam. Makna tertulis dari cinta
pada lagu tersebut dikategorikan sebagai cinta sejawat, cinta antara sepasang kekasih.
Makna mendalam dari cinta pada lagu tersebut adalah cinta antara manusia dan
Tuhan.
Pada penelitian ini, terdapat dua saran. Saran pertama adalah lagu “Warmness
on the Soul” dapat digunakan di kelas Poetry sebagai contoh puisi cinta, atau sebagai
latihan mendengarkan pada kelas Listening. Saran kedua adalah saran bagi peneliti
selanjutnya. Peneliti menyarankan agar peneliti selanjutnya menggunakan pendekatan
post strukturalisme dan teori dekonstruksi untuk menemukan makna mendalam dari
lagu tersebut.
Kata kunci: Warmness on the Soul, Avenged Sevenfold, meaning, love
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly, I would like to express my special gratitude to the one and only
Jesus Christ. His never ending blessing is always with me from the start until now.
Without His blessings, I would not have been able to finish this study.
I would like to express my special gratitude to my advisor, Drs. Antonius
Herujiyanto, M.A., Ph.D., for his time, guidance, and patience during the thesis
writing. Without his guidance and suggestions, this study would not have finished.
I would also like to express my gratitude to my academic advisor, Monica
Ella Harendita, S.Pd., M.Ed., for her guidance for four years. She is the best
academic advisor for me.
My special gratitude goes to my mother, Sri Suwantini, for her sacrifice,
support, patience, and love for me. I thank her for the hugs that always give me
strength to finish everything that I start, especially my thesis. My gratitude goes to
my father, Ki Dalang Drs. Agustinus Sardjono Hadisurjo, who always pushes
me to do the best. I thank him for being a perfect example of perseverance, hard
work, and heart work.
I would like to give my very special thanks to my brothers in campus,
Herda Pramundito, S.Pd., and Yoseph Yulian Setyadi, S.Pd., for their time in
helping me to finish this thesis. Without their kindness to share their knowledge,
this thesis could never have finished. My special thanks go to Johan Tobias
Kristiano, S.Pd., and Lisahagni Ditaya, S.Pd., for proofreading this thesis.
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My special thanks go to my brother, Cahyo Roso Tunggal, S.Pd., for the
sharing, tips, and tricks to survive in PBI. My special thanks to my sisters,
Hapsari Aji Sesanti, A.Md., and Maria Indah Purnani Sarjana, S.Sos., for the
motivation and support. My special thanks go to my nephews and nieces, Juan,
Mikael “Iil”, Deeva, Tristan, and Yoshia for their support and love.
I would like to thank my C6 2014 and B4 2014 classmates for being
together all this time. I will miss the moments we spent together. I would like to
thank Mercy Krisita Omega Putri for her support, motivation, and love through
the time in writing this thesis. I would like to thank everyone in EEPro, I love
them all. I would like to thank my band mates Venomous, my friends in
Jogjakarta Corpse Grinder, and Metal Aggression. I would like to thank Unun,
“Simbah” Ian, Wendi, Teddy, Eka, Vinsen, Vero, Nanda, Devita, Luna, Nico
“Karius”, Reza, Diyin, Chan, Danin, Aven and everyone who wants to know
me, be-friended with me in campus, and sharing their time together. I cannot
mention them all one by one, but they know who they are. I thank them for
everything.
Yohanes Mahatmo Suryo Widiasmoro
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE ............................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL PAGE .......................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION PAGE ...................................................................................... iv
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ................................................. v
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI .................................................. vi
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... vii
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. xi
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................. xiii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study .................................................... 1
B. Research Questions ............................................................ 3
C. Significance of the Study ................................................... 4
D. Definition of Terms ............................................................ 4
1. “Warmness on the Soul” .............................................. 4
2. Avenged Sevenfold ...................................................... 5
3. Matthew Charles Sanders ............................................. 5
4. Deeper Meaning ........................................................... 5
5. Love .............................................................................. 6
6. Lyric ............................................................................ 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................ 7
A. Review of Related Studies ................................................. 7
B. Review of Related Theories ............................................... 8
C. Context of the Song ............................................................ 21
D. Theoretical Framework ...................................................... 22
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CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ................................................................. 24
A. Object of the Study ............................................................. 24
B. Approach of the Study ....................................................... 25
C. Method of the Study ........................................................... 25
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 27
A. The Character “I” in the Song Lyrics ................................. 27
B. The Meaning of Love in “Warmness on the Soul” song
lyrics ................................................................................... 32
1. Literal Meaning ............................................................ 32
2. Deeper Meaning ........................................................... 37
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ........ 43
A. Conclusion.......................................................................... 43
B. Implication ......................................................................... 44
C. Suggestion .......................................................................... 45
REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 46
APPENDICES ................................................................................................. 49
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices Page
Appendix I Warmness on the Soul Song Lyrics ............................................... 50
Appendix II Biography of Matthew Charles Sanders ...................................... 51
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, there are four parts that are provided by the researcher. They
are background of the study, research questions, significance of the study, and
definition of terms. In background of the study, the researcher describes the
reasons of conducting the study and choosing the lyrics. In research questions, the
researcher provides two research questions that will be answered and discussed in
this study. In significance of the study, the researcher gives some advantages from
the study. Definition of terms provides the definition of the keywords in this study.
A. Background of the Study
Song is a beautiful art which combines music and literary work or lyrics.
Lyrics can be found in poetry, one of three major genres in literature. Poetry
represents people's experience through words. However, a song is not only a piece
of art. It also brings the messages or meaning through its lyrics. Sometimes, the
audience feels the lyrics are in accordance with their experiences, or the lyrics are
inspiring for them. The song writers usually pour their ideas, feeling, expression or
even critiques in their lyrics. Nevertheless, the messages or meanings are not
always shown explicitly, but sometimes implicitly.
“Warmness on the Soul” is a song from a metalcore/heavy metal band
named Avenged Sevenfold. It is listed on their first album entitled “Sounding the
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Seventh Trumpet,” through Good Life Recordings in 2001. The song was written
by the vocalist, Matthew Charles Sanders, and it tells about love. The lyrics tell
about a man who tells how big his love for his beloved is. It tells that the man's
lover always loves him. Then, the lover is always with him in every condition.
Therefore, the man also loves his lover with all of his heart.
In “Warmness on the Soul,” Sanders wrote the lyrics as he knew that
literature could reflect human's experience. Perrine (1969) claims that poetry exists
to give people the sense of life, as well as the perception of life, and also to expand
and sharpen our relationship with existence. Matthew Charles Sanders enters the
world of poetry by describing life experiences through his lyrics. As a genre in
literature, poetry reflects human's life and experiences through words. Perrine
(1969) states that “poetry can be used as a gear for stepping up the intensity and
increasing the range of our experiences and as a glass for clarifying it” (p. 4).
Poetry helps us to feel and understand other people's experiences through words.
Perrine (1969) also adds that “as human being, we have an inner need to live more
deeply and fully and with greater awareness, to know the experience of others and
to know better our own experiences” (p. 4). In short, poetry can help us to live our
life more deeply by building a connection between our own experiences and other
people experiences.
The reason in analyzing “Warmness on the Soul” is because it is a love-
themed song, which is quite rare in the heavy metal music. Pareles (1988) states
that “heavy metal is a major subspecies of hard-rock—the breed with less
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syncopation, less blues, more showmanship and more brute force". Heavy metal
song lyrics usually tell about, social life, politics, injustice, even death and hell
(Weinstein, 2009). The lyrical themes in heavy metal discuss about something
which are not usually presented by pop bands. They focus on “poetics of
destruction” (Bennett, 2008). Thus, it can be said that love-themed songs are rare
in heavy metal music. Then, “Warmness on the Soul” is Avenged Sevenfold’s first
love-themed song. In the lyrics, Sanders puts the words which show exactly the
song is a love-themed song. However, it is not clear who or what declares his/her
love and to whom or what his/her love is addressed. Sanders uses “I” as a medium
to express his idea in the song lyrics. Besides, “I” is commonly used in literary
works as first person pronoun. Thus, the researcher wants to find out how the
character “I” is described in the Matthew Charles Sanders’ “Warmness on the
Soul” song lyrics. It is a medium to reveal the meaning of love as described in the
song lyrics. Furthermore, the researcher wants to analyze and explore the lyrics
using the Psychological Approach. The researcher uses the approach to understand
the meaning of love in the lyrics from the human psychology point of view.
Therefore, this study aims to reveal the meaning of love as described in Matthew
Charles Sanders' song, “Warmness on the Soul”.
B. Research Questions
The research questions in this study can be formulated as follows:
1. How is the character “I” described in Matthew Charles Sanders’ song
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“Warmness on the Soul?”
2. What is the meaning of love as seen in Matthew Charles Sanders' song
“Warmness on the Soul?”
C. Significance of the Study
This research has some benefits for the readers. This research is beneficial
for those who want to know deeper about Avenged Sevenfold's songs. Then, this
research can be a reference to conduct a research on song lyrics, especially from
heavy metal bands. Furthermore, this research is also beneficial in the teaching
field. This research can be a good example for English students to increase their
knowledge on analyzing poetry using psychological approach. This research is
also beneficial as a reference for researcher who wants to conduct a research using
psychological approach.
D. Definition of Terms
In this part, the researcher provides some explanations of the terms related
to the study in order to clarify the meaning, and also to avoid misunderstanding.
The terms are “Warmness on the Soul”, Avenged Sevenfold, Matthew Charles
Sanders, deeper meaning, love, and lyric.
1. “Warmness on the Soul”
“Warmness on the Soul” is a song from Avenged Sevenfold, an American
metalcore/heavy metal band. It listed on the Avenged Sevenfold's first album
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entitled “Sounding the Seventh Trumpet,” through Good Life Recordings in 2001.
Its music and lyrics were written by Matthew Charles Sanders, the vocalist of
Avenged Sevenfold. “Warmness on the Soul” is a love-themed song.
2. Avenged Sevenfold
Avenged Sevenfold is a metalcore/heavy metal band from Huntington
Beach, California. It was formed in 1999 by Matthew Charles Sanders, Zachary
James Baker, James Owen Sullivan, and Matt Wendt. The current members are
Matthew Charles Sanders, Zachary James Baker, Brian Haner Jr., Jonathan
Seward, and Brooks Wackerman. The name Avenged Sevenfold was inspired from
the story of Cain and Abel that can be found in the Holy Bible, even though they
are not a religious band (as cited in Decker, 2003). Avenged Sevenfold has
released seven studio albums, two compilation albums, one video albums, and
numbers of singles.
3. Matthew Charles Sanders
Matthew Charles Sanders, or better known as M. Shadows, is the vocalist,
songwriter, as well as the founding member of Avenged Sevenfold. He was born
on July 31, 1981 at Huntington Beach, California. He has several variations of
vocal style to fit the Avenged Sevenfold's music style. He can play some musical
instrument also, such as piano, organ, guitar, and drums. Sanders is listed on Top
25 Greatest Modern Frontmen by Ultimate Guitar.
4. Deeper Meaning
Deeper meaning or true meaning is implicit meaning that is told for the
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sake of us (Barnet, 1994). On this study, the deeper meaning can be discovered by
analyzing the song lyrics deeper using the psychological approach. The aim of
discovering the deeper meaning of the song lyrics is to reveal the meaning of love
in “Warmness on the Soul” song.
5. Love
Love is an intense feeling of deep affection. May (2007) states that love is
constituted and enriched by our sense of mortality. Love also means a strong
feeling of affection and sexual attraction for someone. Besides, love can be
interpreted as a great interest and pleasure in something.
6. Lyric
According to Kennedy and Gioia (1999), “as its Greek name suggests, a
lyric was a poem sung to the music of a lyre” (p.656). The meaning remains more
less the same today. Usually, the poet will write a lyric in the first person, but not
always (Kennedy and Gioia, 1999).
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of four parts. They are review of related studies,
review of related theories, context of the song, and theoretical framework. The
review of related studies provides the review of other related studies on the same
topic. In review of related theories, the researcher presents the theories and
approaches that are used in this study. The context of the song provides the review
of the object of the study and subject matter in it. Then, theoretical framework
provides the contribution of the theories and reviews applied in this study to
answer the research questions.
A. Review of Related Studies
In this part, the researcher found a previous undergraduate study that
related to this study. There are some studies that discuss the similar topic, but the
researcher focuses on the study conducted by Pramundito (2016) entitled The True
Meaning of Heathcliff’s Love as Seen in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. It
focused on finding the meaning of love. Thus, the researcher used the study as one
of the references to conduct the research.
In his study, Pramundito (2016) described Heathcliff’s characteristics as
introvert, reserved, intelligent, greedy, pessimistic, superstitious, disciplined,
irritable and vengeful. Heathcliff’s characteristics influenced the meaning of
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Heathcliff’s love. Afterwards, Pramundito (2016) divided the true meaning of
Heathcliff’s love into two parts; literal and deeper meaning. The literal meaning of
Heathcliff’s love is categorized as maniac type of love because Heathcliff has
obsession about a woman named Catherine. The deeper meaning of Heathcliff’s
love is a spiritual love. Even though Heathcliff and Catherine are not together
when they are alive, their souls are together after they are dead. Thus, the true
meaning of Heathcliff’s love is an immortal love.
However, this study is different from the previous study mentioned above.
The researcher uses “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics as the primary datum of
this study. Meanwhile, the study above uses Wuthering Heights novel as the
primary datum.
B. Review of Related Theories
In this part, the researcher presents the theories and approaches that are
used in the research. They are decorum, theory of poetry, the psychological
approach, and theories of character, characterization, motivation, and love.
1. Decorum
Decorum is an essential thing that needs to be considered in the world of
poetry. Decorum derives from Latin as a literary term, denoting suitability of style.
It deals with the conformity between the style of the poet and the mood of his/her
poems. Simpson (1967) states that decorum is “the principle of suiting the style to
the subject” (p. 10). Based on this statement, the poet's style should fit the subject
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matter and the mood of the poem. Dobyns (1989) makes it clearer that “decorum is
in general the poet's ethical voice, the modification of his own voice to the voice of
a character or to the vocal tone demanded by subject or mood” (p.98). Simpson
(1967) also adds that “the style is also determined by the necessity to make the
reader see and feel” (p. 10). Therefore, the style should be appropriate to the
speaker, the situation, and also the subject matter. In this study, this principle is
used to clarify Matthew Charles Sanders’ decorum in suiting “Warmness on the
Soul” song lyrics.
2. Theory of Poetry
Klarer (1999) states that “poetry is one of the oldest genres in literary
history” (p. 28). Then, Perrine (1969) argues that “poetry is as universal as
language and almost as ancient” (p. 3). From those statements, it can be seen that
poetry has already existed for a long time. Therefore, poetry has been a part of
human life, and could reflect human's experience. Perrine (1969) states that
“poetry can be used as a gear for stepping up the intensity and increasing the range
of our experiences and as a glass for clarifying it” (p. 4). Perrine (1969) also adds
that “as human being, we have an inner need to live more deeply and fully and
with greater awareness, to know the experience of others and to know better our
own experiences” (p. 4). Thus, poetry can connect human experiences and other
people’s experiences.
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Kennedy and Gioia (2002) categorize poetry into three major categories.
a. Lyric Poetry
Lyric poetry is a short poem which expresses the thoughts and feelings of a
speaker. The poet usually writes a lyric in the first person point of view, but not
always. Instead, a lyric might describe an object or recall an experience without
the speaker's ever bringing himself or herself into it. Generally, lyric poetry refers
to poem which made for singing (p.10). In addition, Kennedy and Gioia (1999)
states that “most poems are more memorable than most ordinary speech, and when
music is combined with poetry the result can be more memorable still” (p.787).
b. Narrative Poetry
Narrative poetry is a poem that the main purpose is to tell a story. It is
similar to fiction in characters, settings, and storyline (p. 12).
c. Dramatic Poetry
Dramatic poetry is a poem that provides the voice of an imaginary
character(s) speaking directly, without any additional narration by the author. It is
frequently called as a dramatic monologue (p. 15).
Every type of poetry has the stanza. Stanza is “a recurring pattern of two or
more lines of verse, poetry's equivalent to the paragraph in prose” (Kennedy and
Gioia, 2002, p.679). It means that stanza is an essential part in poetry. It is the
basic thing that a poem should have. Furthermore, there is a part named refrain
that is described as “words, phrases, or lines repeated at intervals in a song or
song-like poem” (Kennedy and Gioia, 2002, p.145). Kennedy and Gioia (2002)
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state that there are several types of stanza. They are:
a. Couplet
Couplet is a stanza that consists of two lines. It is usually rhymed and its
lines tend to equal in length.
b. Tercet
Tercet is a stanza that consists of three lines. Tercet can be a rhymed or an
unrhymed tercet. If it is rhymed, it tends to end in the same rhyme.
c. Quatrain
Quatrain is a stanza that consists of four lines. It is also the most common
stanza used in English-language poetry. Quatrain is commonly used in more
rhymed poems. It has some rhyme schemes, such as abba, aabb, abab, and abcb.
d. Quintain
Quintain is a stanza that consists of five lines. It is also called a quintet or a
cinquain. Abbba, aabba, ababb, and abcba are some examples of quintain’s rhyme
scheme.
e. Sestet
A six-lined stanza is called a sestet. It has several rhyme schemes, such as
abcabc, ababcc, aabccb, and aabaab.
f. Septet
Septet is a stanza that has seven lines. It includes large number of metrical
and rhyme schemes.
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g. Octave
It is a stanza that consists of eight lines. Usually, it rhymed as ababcdcd.
Another essential thing in poetry is theme. Theme is “the central thought of
the poem” (Kennedy and Gioia, 2002, p. 8). However, poetry needs special
treatment due to its complexity. Kennedy and Gioia (2002) suggest that it needs
“to be read slowly, carefully and attentively” (p. 5).
3. Psychological Approach
The researcher uses psychological approach to answer the research
questions. According to Atkinson (1981), psychological approach emphasizes on
how personality develops. While, Rohrberger and Woods (1971) state that
psychological approach is used to analyze the personality development of the
character through the action and thought. Thus, this approach is suitable in
analyzing the personality of the main character in the song lyrics.
Psychoanalysis is the combination between cognition, emotion, conscious
and unconscious process, rational self-directed behavior and instinct-driven action
(Freud, 1958). Barry (2002) also states that psychoanalysis is used to find the
proof of unresolved emotions, psychological conflicts and ambivalences. Since it
is related to emotion and cognition, this approach is used to reveal the meaning of
love as depicted in the lyrics of the song.
In order to make people understand easily about how personality develops,
Freud (1962) divides the structure of mind into three ideas namely id, ego, and
super-ego. Further, the detailed explanation will be presented below:
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a. Id
Freud (1962) states that id is concluded as the pleasure principle. The id
always seeks pleasure. It works to gain satisfaction for instinctual needs, without
considering the consequences. It needs to be fulfilled immediately. Freud (1962)
states that the id is primary process thinking. It is a typical of unconscious mental
process and driven by the pleasure principle. Thus, id is completely unconscious.
b. Ego
Unlike the id, the ego is directed by “reality principle”. It means that ego
satisfies the needs through realistic and appropriate ways. According to Freud,
Strachey, and Gay (1989), ego takes control over the demands of the instinct,
decides whether they are to be allowed, postpones or even suppresses the
satisfaction. Freud, et al (1989) state that “the ego strives after pleasure and seeks
to avoid unpleasure” (p. 15). It is principally decided by the person’s own
experience.
c. Super-ego
Freud (1958) states that super-ego is “the last component of personality to
develop.” It has acquired from the parents and society. According to Freud (1958),
“the super-ego works to suppress the urges of the id and tries to make ego behave
morally, rather than realistically”. Freud, et al (1989) state that “the super-ego the
influence, essentially, of what is taken over from other people” (p. 16). Super-ego
has two parts, the ego ideal and the conscience. The ego ideal deals with the rules
and standards for good behaviors. Feelings of accomplishment, pride, and value
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are the result of following the rules. On the other hand, the conscience deals with
the information that viewed as bad behaviors. These behaviors lead to
punishments, bad consequences, and feeling of guilt.
4. Character
Abrams (2005) states that characters are people or a person in literary
work, which are carrying some messages to the reader that expressed in the text.
Henkle (1977) classifies the term character into two categories. They are major
character and minor character. The major character has to get full attention. It also
has the key structural function in the song. Thus, the major character plays an
important role in deliver the messages to the reader or audience. On the other
hand, the minor character presents limited and less complex function than the
major character (p. 80).
5. Characterization
There are two choices in characterization to get the information about the
character. The first is explicit characterization, and the second is implicit
characterization. Explicit characterization means that the author tells the character
as he/she/it is. On the contrary, implicit characterization means that the reader must
infer how the character is. Meanwhile, Murphy (1972) gives more detailed
explanation through nine ways to make the readers understand easily about the
characters and to make the characters more alive. There are the nine ways:
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a. Personal Description
The author describes the character through the physical appearances such
as clothes, skin color, and face.
b. Character as Seen by Another
The author shows the character through the other characters' eyes to get the
reflected image of the character.
c. Speech
The author gives the readers the clues of the character through what the
person says.
d. Past Life
The readers are given some clues about the character from the past life of
the character.
e. Conversation of Others
The author gives some clues about the character through the conversation
of the other people in the story and everything related to the character.
f. Reactions
The author provides some clues of the character by letting the readers know
how the character reacts to the situations, conditions, or events.
g. Direct Comment
The author gives direct comment in order to describe the character. It is
similar to personal description, but the difference is located on the direct
conversation.
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h. Thoughts
The author gives the readers direct knowledge of what the character is
thinking about. In this part, the readers can understand about the character through
what the character is thinking about.
i. Mannerisms
The author describes the character mannerisms and the habits of the
character that can provide something about the character to the readers.
6. Theory of Motivation
Aiken (1969) states that motivation “refers to an inferred internal state of
the organism which arouses activity and directs the organism's behavior toward
certain objects or conditions called goals” (p. 110). Since motivation always
related to behavior, it is true that a motive or motivation explains the behavior.
Aiken (1969) provides an example that an animal is hungry because it is observed
eating food and an animal eating food because it is hungry. It is clearly seen that
motivation is about feed the behavior and how to reach the goals. Since it is
inferred from behavior, Aiken (1969) states that motivation cannot be measured
directly, but indirectly determined from observed behavior. Aiken (1969) divides
observed behavior into three parts; they are performance in some situations,
internal bodily process, and verbal report.
In addition, Maslow (1954) provides theory about the hierarchy of needs in
order to understand the motivation. It is commonly used in classifying the human
motives. The needs are divided into five parts, they are:
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a. Physiological Needs
Physiological needs are related to the basic of human needs. Those needs
are the most important and the main human needs. Physiological needs include the
needs of sustainability such as air, water, sleep, food, and shelter. These needs
should be fulfilled first before the person is motivated by the higher needs.
b. Safety Needs
Safety needs are related to the preference of security, for example the
protection toward danger, seizure, and threat. Safety needs include personal,
financial, and health security.
c. Belongingness and Love Needs
Belongingness and love needs are the third level of needs. These needs
come when the physiological and safety needs are fulfilled. Maslow (1954) states
that people need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance from their social
groups. Maslow (1954) mixes two urges to give and recieve love. Giving love is
more than an instinct given by nature. On the other hand, recieving love is a way
to get rid of rejection and loneliness.
d. Esteem Needs
These needs deal with the stable of self-respect and self-esteem needs from
themselves, as well as from the others. Those needs include achievement,
adequacy, reputation, strength, and independence or feedom. There are two self-
esteem versions. The first version deals with the respect from other people,
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including attention, prestige, status, and recognition. Whereas, the second version
deals with the respect from themselves.
e. Self-Actualization Needs
Self-actualization needs represent the growth of a human on fulfillment of
the highest needs. Maslow (1954) states that “what a man can be, he must be”. In
another words, these needs related with human desire to accomplish everything
they can, and become the most that one can be. Each individual may specifically
focuses on this need. For example, an individual has a strong desire to be the best
musician.
7. Theory of Love
May (2007) states that “love is not only enriched by our sense of mortality
but constituted by it” (p. 77). Love is the cross-fertilization between mortality and
immortality (May, 2007). Moreover, Sternberg (1986) states that love is a term of
three components which formed to a triangle. There are the three components:
a. Intimacy
Intimacy refers to feelings of closeness, connectedness, and bondedness to
each other in relationships. This component deals the experience of warmth in
relationships.
b. Passion
Passion refers to the lead to romance, physical attraction, sexual
consumption, and related phenomena in relationships.
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c. Commitment
Commitment refers to, in the short-term, the decision that one loves
someone to each other or in other words, the commitment or decision to start a
relationship. In the long-term, it refers to their commitment to maintain that love
for a long time.
Then, Sternberg (1986) adds that the components of love and everything
related to it can be understood clearer by following the kinds of love. There are
eight kinds of love that can support his idea.
a. Non-love
Non-love represents a personal relationship that simply and does not
characterize of love at all. It refers to the absence of all three of the components.
b. Liking
Liking refers to the relationship with intimacy, but without passion and
commitment. Friendship, feel close, without feeling of intense passion and do not
have commitment of love can be categorized as liking.
c. Infatuated Love
Infatuated love is a temporary state of love when someone is overly
idealized and obsessed. Infatuated love can be defined as “love at the first sight”. It
rarely last very long.
d. Empty Love
Empty love is a relationship that has a very strong commitment but does
not have intimacy and passion. It usually happens in the stagnant relationship that
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going for a long time; they have the commitment but lost the intimacy and passion.
e. Romantic Love
Romantic love is the combination of intimacy and passion. It is pictured
both physically and emotionally to each other.
f. Companionate Love
Companionate love is the mixture of intimacy and commitment. It can be
seen on long-term committed marriages when the passion on the physical aspect
has down.
g. Fatuous Love
Fatuous love refers to the mixture between passion and commitment
components, but it does not have the intimacy component.
h. Consummate Love
Consummate love is the combination of all three components of love. It can
be seen in romantic relationships.
Lee (1973) also divides the types of love into six categories. The six types
or styles of love are eros, ludos, storge, mania, pragma, and agape.
a. Eros
Eros is a love that formed from physical attraction. It is related with
sensual, beauty, romantic and pleasure. Sex, beauty, smell, and touch are the
concern of this type of love.
b. Ludos
Ludos is a type of love that views a relationship as a game. It describes
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love is only for fun. This type tends to play rather than using feeling.
c. Storge
Storge is known as companionate love, the most peaceful love. It starts
from friendship that goes deeper into love feeling. It develops the relationship
slowly and if the love ends, it is back to friendship again.
d. Mania
Mania describes loves as a mixture of conflict and romantic from Eros. It
includes the feeling of being obsessive, jealous, and emotional as the proof of the
love. Mania refers to the obsession of love, and it is beyond the rational control.
e. Pragma
Pragma emphasizes on characteristics such as religion, intelligence, and
wealth. It is focused on the details and qualities from the couple.
f. Agape
Agape is highly related with Christian love. It is related with love to serve
rather than receive as the love of God for mankind.
B. Context of the Song
“Warmness on the Soul” is a song from Avenged Sevenfold, a
metalcore/heavy metal band from Huntington Beach, California, United States of
America. It was released in 2001 on their first album entitled “Sounding the
Seventh Trumpet,” and it is listed as the seventh track of the album. Its music and
lyrics were written by Matthew Charles Sanders, its vocalist. “Warmness on the
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Soul” is a love-themed song. The lyrics tell about a person that is mentioned as “I”
that tells how big his love for his beloved. It tells that “I”'s lover always loves him
and is always be with him in every condition. “I” always remember the
unconditional love from his lover through every condition. His lover always gives
true love to “I”. Therefore, he also loves his lover with all of his heart.
C. Theoretical Framework
In order to answer the formulated problems, there are some theories that are
used to support the analysis. The theories are decorum, theory of poetry, theory of
character, theory of characterization, theory of motivation, and theory of love. The
theories are taken from books, journals, and online sources. The researcher also
applies the psychological approach to achieve the aim of the study.
The first question deals with the description of the character “I” in
“Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics written by Matthew Charles Sanders. The
researcher uses the theory of character (Henkle, 1977) to clarify that “I” is the
major character in the lyrics. Then, the theory of characterization (Murphy, 1972)
is used to analyze the characteristics of “I” in the lyrics.
The second question deals with the meaning of love in “Warmness on the
Soul” song lyrics. The meaning is divided into two parts, literal meaning and
deeper meaning. The researcher uses decorum from Simpson (1967) and the theory
of poetry from Kennedy and Gioia (2002) to clarify the type of poetry which
“Warmness on the Soul” belongs. The theory from Freud (1962) and theory of
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motivation from Maslow (1954) are also used to reveal the literal meaning. In
order to reveal the deeper meaning, the researcher employs the psychological
approach, theory of motivation from Aiken (1969), and the theory of love from
Lee (1973), and Sternberg (1986).
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher presents three parts. They are object of the
study, approach of the study, and method of the study. Object of the study tells the
song which is used in this study. The approach of the study describes the approach
that is used in this study. The last part, which is method of the study, tells the steps
in conducting this study.
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics from
Avenged Sevenfold, an American metalcore/heavy metal band. The song was
written by Matthew Charles Sanders, the vocalist of Avenged Sevenfold. It is listed
in the seventh track on the Avenged Sevenfold's debut album entitled “Sounding
the Seventh Trumpet,” which was released on June 10, 2001 through Good Life
Recordings. “Warmness on the Soul” is the first single released by Avenged
Sevenfold, it was released on August 8, 2001. It is also the first love-themed song
from the band. However, the song is rarely played by Avenged Sevenfold.
The song tells about love. Its lyrics, which contains 6 stanzas, tells about a
man who expresses how big his love for his beloved one is. It tells that the man's
lover always loves him and is always be with him from the start, and in every
condition. Therefore, the man also loves his lover with all of his heart.
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B. Approach of the Study
In order to reveal the meaning of love in the song lyrics, the researcher
applied the psychological approach. According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971),
psychological approach is used to analyze the personality development of the
character through the action and thought. The researcher used this approach in
answering the formulated problems. The theory of character and theory of
characterization were used to analyze the character “I”. The theory of motivation
and theory of love were used to find the motivation and to classify the type of love.
Thus, this approach suited the purpose to reveal the meaning of love as shown in
“Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics.
C. Method of the Study
The researcher used library research as the method to analyze the data.
According to Rasmuson (2016), library research is a research which involves the
gradual process used to collect information in order to write a paper, or complete a
project. In this matter, the researcher used this type of research to complete the
study. It was needed to get and gather the sources for the study. The primary datum
was “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics written by Matthew Charles Sanders, the
vocalist of Avenged Sevenfold. The song lyrics were taken from Avenged
Sevenfold's first album entitled “Sounding the Seventh Trumpet.” The secondary
data were the theories about poetry, psychological approach, character,
characterization, motivation, and some data related to the song and theories. The
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data were collected from books and journals from library and online sources.
There were some steps in conducting this study. The first was that the
researcher read the song lyrics of “Warmness on the Soul” for several times
without listening to the song. Then, the researcher listened to the song and read the
lyrics repeatedly to get the understanding of the song. Afterwards, the researcher
started to search and collect the relevant theories in order to support the researcher
to answer the formulated problems. The researcher also looked for information
related to the song and the band from the internet.
The third step was the analysis of the “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics.
The researcher analyzed the character “I” in the song lyrics. Afterwards, the
researcher analyzed the literal and the deeper meaning of the song lyrics of
“Warmness on the Soul” using the related theories. After finished the analysis, the
researcher made the conclusion as the last step of conducting this research.
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter presents the findings and the data analysis based on the
formulated problems in Chapter 1. The first question aims to understand the
character “I” that is described in the song lyrics. The second question aims to
reveal the meaning of love in the “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics.
A. The Character “I” in the Song Lyrics
There are two characters portrayed in the song lyrics, they are “I” and
“you”. According to Abrams (2005), characters are people or a person in literary
works that are carrying some messages to the reader that expressed in the text. The
messages can be seen from the moral, intellectual or dispositional level that shown
in the text. Hence, the reader can interpret the messages through them.
Henkle (1977) classifies the term character into two categories; they are
major character and minor character. The major character has to get full attention
in the poem. It also has the key structural function in the poem. Usually, the major
character is the character that appears more often, or even always appears in the
poem. Therefore, the major character plays an important role in delivering the
messages to the reader or audience. On the other hand, the minor character
presents limited function and fewer complexes than the major character (p. 80).
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In the song lyrics, “I” is categorized as the major character and “you” is
categorized as the minor character. The reason is because “I” is portrayed as the
first point of view, while “you” is only mentioned less than “I”. Since the lyrics are
in the point of view of “I”, “I” also always appears in the lyrics. “I” takes role as
the person who tells the story. Therefore, it can be said that “I” is the center of the
lyrics. From this point, “I” will be called as the major character in this research.
In order to find the characteristics of the character “I” in the “Warmness on
the Soul” song lyrics, the researcher uses the theory of characterization from
Murphy (1972). Murphy (1972) provides the nine ways for the readers to
understand easier about the character and for the author to make the characters
more alive. Even though there are nine ways, the researcher only uses the third
way namely speech, to understand the major character’s characteristics in the song
lyrics. Speech is only the possible way since there is only the major character’s
speech that is shown in the lyrics.
In this part, the researcher will explains about the characteristics of the
major character based on the song lyrics. Since there is no explanation of the
physical characteristics of the major character in the lyrics, the researcher will
focus on the psychological characteristics of the major character. By using the
third way to describe a character from Murphy (1972), there are three
characteristics of the major character. They will be explained more detailed and
elaborated below:
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1. Loyal
The first characteristic of the main character as depicted in the lyrics is loyal.
It is shown in the first and third line of the second stanza.
The Second Stanza
And we have gone through good and bad times
. . . . . .
You’ve been there from the start for me
. . . . . .
As seen in the lyrics, the major character is a loyal person. The major
character and “you” have been through hard times together. The first line of the
second stanza shows the loyalty between them. It emphasizes the strength of their
relationship. Both of them are not only together in good times, but also in bad
times. They are still together even though problems befall in their relationship. It is
shown in the words “we have gone through good and bad times”. Their loyalty
keeps their togetherness.
Further, the researcher finds the other evidence that the main character is a
loyal person. It is shown in the third line of the second stanza which says, “You’ve
been there from the start for me”. It shows how long their togetherness is. The line
is likely showing that “you” is loyal to the major character. However, the
researcher sees that the major character is also loyal to “you”. Their togetherness
through good and bad times cannot be happened if the major character does not
loyal to “you”. Therefore, the first and third lines of the second stanza are
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connected to each other even though they are not consecutive. Thus, those lines
prove the major character’s loyalty.
2. Loving
The second characteristic of the major character can be seen in the third
stanza as shown below.
The Third Stanza
I give my heart to you
I give my heart 'cause nothing
Can compare in this world to you
Since the song lyrics tell about the major character who loves his lover, it is
a certainty that the major character is a loving person. He shows his love to “you”
through everything he says in the lyrics. The evidence of the major character’s
loving characteristic is clearly seen in the third stanza of the song lyrics.
In the first line of the third stanza which says “I give my heart to you”, the
major character gives his heart to “you” as an expression of his love. The word
“heart” refers to the major character’s love. In other words, the major character
gives his love to “you”. Furthermore, the line “I give my heart to you” also means
more than giving love. Giving heart means that he gives total devotion to “you”.
Further, he also says that there is nothing can be compared to “you” in the next
two lines. Thus, the major character gives total devotion and love because “you” is
the only one for him. It shows the loving characteristic of the major character.
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3. Dependent
The third characteristic of the major character is dependent. It is shown in
the third and the fourth line of the first stanza as seen below.
The First Stanza
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
I'll never feel alone again with you by my side
You’re the one, and in you I confide more
Despite all of the positive characteristics, the major character also possesses
a negative characteristic. He is a dependent person. The third line of the first
stanza which says, “I’ll never feel alone again with you by my side” shows his
dependent characteristic. The major character does not feel alone only if he is with
“you”. The words “with you by my side” clearly show the main character’s
dependency on “you”. He always wants “you” to be close to him. Meanwhile, the
words “I’ll never feel alone again” show what he feels after being with “you”. It
means that his confidence grows because of the presence “you”. Thus, the major
character’s dependent characteristic is shown.
More evidence of the major character’s dependent characteristic is found in
the fourth line of the first stanza. It says, ”You’re the one, and in you I confide
more”. The words “in you I confide more” explain that the major character only
wants to reveal his secrets to “you”. He needs “you” because “you” is the one he
trusts. It is shown in the words “you’re the one”. As mentioned earlier in the
previous part, the major character feels that “you” is the only one who makes him
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not alone. Trustworthiness and the presence of “you” make him able to tell his
secrets, or in other words, to confide in “you”. In short, the major character’s
dependent characteristic is shown in the third and fourth line of the first stanza.
B. The Meaning of Love in the “Warmness on the Soul” Song Lyrics
In this part, the researcher divides the meaning of love in the “Warmness on
the Soul” lyrics into two sections. The first one is literal meaning and second is the
deeper meaning. The researcher uses theories from Simpson (1967), Kennedy and
Gioia (2002), Lee (1973), and Aiken (1969) to reveal the meanings.
1. Literal Meaning
“Warmness on the Soul” consists of three stanzas. Each stanza has
three and four lines. According to Kennedy and Gioia (2002), a three-line stanza is
called tercet, while a four-line stanza is called quatrain. All of the stanzas become a
solid poem which also a song lyrics. “Warmness on the Soul” is classified as a
lyric poetry. Moreover, Kennedy and Gioia (2002) state that lyric poetry refers to a
poem which is made for singing. Kennedy and Gioia (1999) also add that “many
familiar poems began life as songs” (p.792). The statement above clarifies that
“Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics is a poem. Based on the categories of poetry
provided by Kennedy and Gioia (2002), it can be said that “Warmness on the
Soul” song lyrics is a lyric poetry.
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Sanders used decorum to suit the subject matter as Simpson (1967) states
that decorum is “the principle of suiting the style to the subject” (p. 10). Thus,
Sanders modified his style to suit the subject matter of the poem. The subject
matter is the theme of the poem, which is in “Warmness on the Soul”, is love.
Sanders mixed up the mood and tone of the poem to make it suitable to be sung.
Since he is a musician, it is clear that he wrote the lyrics in order to be sung.
Therefore, his musician style fits his purpose in writing poem or lyrics. Besides,
style is also chosen by the needs in order to make the reader see and feel (Simpson,
1967). It means that Sanders should make the reader and listener can see and feel
the feeling that he has been expressed through writing and singing “Warmness on
the Soul”. Therefore, Matthew Charles Sanders needed to suit “Warmness on the
Soul” in a song, both as a musician and a poet.
As mentioned in the introduction part, “Warmness on the Soul” is a love-
themed song. The lyrics tell about a man that tells how big his love to his lover.
Then, the lover is always being with him in every condition. The man is portrayed
as “I”, and the man's lover is portrayed as “you”. As mentioned before, “I” is
major character of the song. The major character feels that “you” can remove his
doubt and loneliness. Thus, he trusts “you” more. The major character tells that the
love from “you” is wholehearted. As a result, he also loves “you” with all of his
heart.
In order to get clearer understanding about the lyrics and to find the literal
meaning, the researcher provides individual stanza analysis of the song lyrics.
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The First Stanza
Your hazel-green tint eyes watching every move I make
And that feeling of doubt, it's erased
I'll never feel alone again with you by my side
You're the one and in you I confide more
This stanza consists of four lines, which is called as a quatrain. This stanza
contains the story and expression of what the major character feels to “you”. The
first line tells the attention that the major character receives from “you”. The
researcher sees that “you” cares so much about him. “You” is always close and
always gives attention to him. The researcher sees it in the words “watching every
move I make”. It shows that “you” cares so much to the major character and
always be with him in every condition. The words “Your hazel-green tint eyes”
show that the major character also gives attention on “you”. He knows that “you”
always cares about, and always close to him. It raises certain feelings in the major
character.
Then, the feelings that arise in the major character are explained in the
following lines. The major character feels secure and comfortable for being cared
by “you”, and it makes him feels confident. The doubt in his mind is gone because
of the attention and care from “you”. What “you” has done to the major character
increases his confidence. The researcher sees it in the second line, in the words
“And that feeling of doubt, it's erased”. Furthermore, the major character also
clarifies that he does not feel lonely when they together. The line “I'll never feel
alone again with you by my side” shows it. Before with “you”, the major character
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always feels lonely. However, it turns conversely when “you” comes and gives the
attention to him.
Then, the last line in the stanza tells about “you” who are chosen by the
major character. The words “you're the one” shows that the major character feels
that “you” is the right choice. The words “the one” also explains that “you” is the
only person who can make him confident. In the words “in you I confide more”, it
is explained that he trusts “you”. The major character only tells his secrets to
“you” as the form of his trust. Therefore, the first stanza explains the major
character’s feeling after he has been cared by “you”.
The Second Stanza
And we have gone through good and bad times
But your unconditional love was always on my mind
You've been there from the start for me
And your love's always been true as can be
Since it consists of four lines, the second stanza is called as a quatrain. This
stanza shows the journey of love between the major character and “you”. They
have been together for a long time and through various situations. They are loyal
to each other as shown in the first line. It says, “we have gone through good and
bad times” which reveals their togetherness, their loyalty to each other. The words
“good and bad times” show that they are not just together in pleasant situations,
but also in unpleasant ones. It emphasizes their loyalty to each other.
The researcher sees there are reasons behind their long lasting relationship
and their loyalty. The first reason is shown in the second line which says, “but your
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unconditional love was always on my mind”. The words “your unconditional love”
tells about the love which “you” gives to the major character. The love from “you”
is an unconditional love. Then, the words “was always on my mind” show that the
major character always thinks about the love that “you” gives. The word “was”
refers to their good and bad times in their relationship before he tells this story.
When something bad or problem occurs in their relationship, the unconditional
love from “you” keeps him loyal. Thus, the love keeps their loyalty. Then, the third
line shows the reason why they still love and loyal to each other. The reason lies
within their relationship. The line “You've been there from the start for me” shows
that they have been together for a long time. The word “there” refers to the
position of “you” as the one who the major character loves. Meanwhile, the words
“the start for me” refer to the first time when the major character feels love. “You”
has been someone he loves since he knows love for the first time. The fourth line
tells that “you” really loves him. The love from “you” is always true, and it is the
reason of their loyalty. It strengthens the reason how love keeps the loyalty
between the two of them.
The Third Stanza
I give my heart to you
I give my heart 'cause nothing
Can compare in this world to you
The third stanza consists of three lines, which is called as a tercet. This is
the last stanza in the lyrics and tells about the major character's actions to express
his love to “you”. The word “heart” represents love from him. The major character
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feels that “you” is the only one that deserves all of his love. For him, “you” is
incomparable to anything. “You” is the true partner of the major character and
“you” is the best for him. The last two lines say that there is no one that can be
compared to “you”. The major character emphasizes that “you” is the best person
for him.
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that “Warmness on the
Soul” tells a story about a person who loves his lover. Their love to each other
resulted to their togetherness, intimacy, and long-last relationship. However, his
love presents after his lover gives an unconditional love. Therefore, it can be said
that he loves his lover because he has been loved. It suits with the major
character’s loyal and loving characteristics. At this point, the ego of the major
character is shown. He needs to be loved by “you”. The belongingness and love
needs motivate him to love “you”. Thus, the meaning of love is revealed. It is a
storge or a companionate love.
2. Deeper Meaning
This part deals with the deeper meaning of love in the “Warmness on the
Soul” song lyrics. Deeper meaning is the meaning that can be seen in the song
lyrics implicitly. Since “I” is the major character in the lyrics, the researcher
analyzes the motivation of “I” deeper in order to reveal the deeper meaning of the
song lyrics. “Warmness on the Soul” itself is a song about the love of a man to his
lover because he has been loved.
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On the previous part, the literal meaning of love in the “Warmness on the
Soul” is a storge or companionate love. The characters in the lyrics show intimacy
and commitment aspects since they love and are loyal to each other. Then, the
researcher applies the theory of motivation in order to analyze the deeper meaning
of love in the song lyrics. Motivation is the effect from an internal state of the
organism which initiates the behavior to the goals (Aiken, 1969). The researcher
analyzes the major character’s motivation in loving “you”.
The researcher analyzes the major character’s life before the presence of
“you” through the findings in the lyrics. Before with “you”, the major character
lives in doubt. He feels his life is full of doubt. Moreover, the major character has
nobody before with “you”. Thus, he feels lonely. In his lowest point of life, the
major character finds “you” with plenty of attention and love. The love and
attention raise his confidence. He does not feel lonely anymore because “you” is
always with him.
Your hazel-green tint eyes watching every move I make
And that feeling of doubt, it's erased
I'll never feel alone again with you by my side
You're the one and in you I confide more
The stanza above implicitly shows how “you” gives the major character
inner peace. The line “Your hazel-green tint eyes watching every move I make”
shows that “you” knows everything the major character does. Thus, “you” always
watches and accompanies him wherever he is. Then, the major character feels safe,
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serene, and warmth in his soul because “you” is always with him. Thus, it makes
the major character confident.
Security and confidence lead the major character to express his feelings to
“you”. The major character says that “you” is the maker of his confidence. He
needs “you” in his life. He does not feel alone when “you” accompanies him. The
love from “you” also makes him tougher in facing problems throughout his life.
Therefore, he gives his love to “you” as a form of his gratitude.
The words “you're the one” shows that the major character believes “you”
is the only one who is able to reassure his heart. Then the words “in you I confide
more” show the trust in the major character. He wants to express his feelings to
“you” only.
And we have gone through good and bad times
But your unconditional love was always on my mind
You've been there from the start for me
And your love's always been true as can be
Furthermore, the stanza above reveals the love from “you”. “You” gives
unconditional love to the major character. It is a sincere, pure, and true love, which
always gives. The unconditional love from “you” makes the major character
through the hardships in his life. The major character believes “you” always be
with him in every condition. He always remembers the love he has got from “you”
in facing hard times in his life.
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Then the line “You've been there from the start for me” shows that “you” is
always with the major character since his start. The word “start” refers to their
relationship. The start of their relationship can be referred to the time the major
character finds inner peace. They have been together for a long time. Then, the
love from “you” is emphasized once again. The line “And your love's always been
true as can be” means the love from “you” is pure, sincere, and honest. Then, the
words “true as can be” can be attributed to the love from “you”. It is the purest, the
most sincere, and endless love, which can be defined as the truest love. In short,
that kind of love can be defined as unconditional love.
I give my heart to you
I give my heart 'cause nothing
Can compare in this world to you
Then, the major character shows his actions toward “you”. He gives his
heart to “you”. Heart refers to the thoughts and emotions of someone, especially
love or compassion. The major character gives his love to “you” as a form of
gratitude for everything he has got. He gives his love to “you” in the form of trust
and or devotion. The major character trusts “you” will always make him feel safe,
comfortable, confident and accompanied as mentioned in the first stanza.
Afterwards, the major character reveals his reason in loving “you”. He
gives his love because nothing is comparable to “you” in this world. “You” is the
perfect figure and the best one for him. Moreover, “You” makes him feel
comfortable, confident, and “you” also gives him unconditional love. “You” also
accompanies the major character in every condition.
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After analyzing the whole lyrics, the researcher reveals a lot of implicit
clues about the deeper meaning of love in the “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics.
Then, the researcher focuses on the motivation of the major character in loving
“you”. Feeling secure, confident and no more loneliness motivates the major
character to love “you”. He finds his inner peace and warmth in his soul when he
is with “you”. In addition, the major character’s dependent characteristic leads the
action to love “you”. As a result, he gives his trust, loyalty and even himself to
“you”.
Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that there are some things
that drive the major character in loving “you”. Those are the needs of feeling
confident, secured, being accompanied, and being loved. Those feelings suit the
characteristics of the major character, which are loving and dependent. In short, the
major character’s characteristics and his necessities become the motivation in
loving “you”. At this point, the use of the title “Warmness on the Soul” seems
reasonable. It suits with the feeling that the major character gets from “you”.
Moreover, the unconditional love given by “you” is similar to the characteristic of
God. In addition, the perfection of “you” is equivalent to the characteristic of God.
God is incomparable; God is always there for His people, and always gives His
love to his people. At this point, the character “I” seems to realize that he gains
inner peace within “you” that appears to be God. By realizing that, the major
character shows that the major character gives his love to “you” in order to achieve
his inner peace. It suits the characteristics of the super-ego. This condition reveals
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that the major character fulfills the last of the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which
is named self-actualization needs. Thus, a new interpretation is emerged. The
deeper meaning of love in “Warmness on the Soul” song lyrics is agape. It is the
love between God depicted by “you” and human depicted by “I” or the major
character.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS
In this chapter, there are three parts namely conclusion, implication, and
suggestion. Conclusion presents the summary of the analysis. Then, implication
shows the implications of this study to education. The last part is suggestion. It
provides some suggestions for future researchers and teachers.
A. Conclusion
In Chapter IV, the researcher has already done the analysis in order to
answer two formulated problems. The first formulated problem is answered using
theory from M. J. Murphy (1972). The characteristics of “I” in the “Warmness on
the Soul” song lyrics are described as loyal, loving, and dependent.
The second formulated problem is divided into two parts, literal meaning
and deeper meaning. The literal meaning of love in “Warmness on the Soul” song
lyrics is categorized as storge or companionate love. The relationship between “I”
and “you” has lasted for a long time. They have important elements in relationship,
which are intimacy and commitment. Meanwhile, the deeper meaning of love in
the song lyrics is the love between God and human, or agape. The love between
the two of them is the love to serve or to give, rather than receive.
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B. Implication
In this part, there are two sections namely reflection and the implication of
the study. The reflection is made as a mirror to reflect the song with the
researcher's life. Then, the implication of the study provides possible ideas of the
study in the field of education.
1. Having done analyzing the song lyrics of “Warmness on the Soul”, the
researcher learned that the people should love others sincerely, just like God
who never stops loving His people. The researcher also learned that the
people have to appreciate others who love us. People should spread the love
to each other rather than spreading hatred. Then, the researcher learned to
pray whenever people have problems.
2. There are two possible ideas to use “Warmness on the Soul” song as a
teaching material. First, it is used as a material in Listening class as well as
improving vocabulary skill. The students fill the missing lyrics worksheet
while the teacher plays the song. “Warmness on the Soul” is a good example
of a love-themed song from heavy metal music because the other metal
songs usually consist of aggressive music and growling or screaming vocals.
The students may get the moral value about loving someone sincerely.
Second, it is used as a medium in practicing pronunciation. It can be used in
pronunctation practice since the music is not aggressive and it uses singing
vocals. There are some challenging words to pronounce such as confide,
unconditional, and doubt.
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C. Suggestion
The researcher provides two suggestions. First suggestion is meant for the
future researchers of “Warmness on the Soul”. This study used psychological
approach and theory of motivation in order to find the deeper meaning. The future
researchers could use post-structuralism approach and deconstruction to find the
deeper meaning of the song. However, the future researchers should analyze the
song very carefully and should pay attention to the detail of the song. Second
suggestion is meant for educational purposes. The song “Warmness on the Soul”
can be used as a teaching material in Poetry class. The song also can be used in
Listening Class.
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REFERENCES
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX 1
WARMNESS ON THE SOUL SONG LYRICS
“Warmness on the Soul” Music and Lyrics by: Matthew Charles Sanders
Your hazel-green tint eyes watching every move I make
And that feeling of doubt, it's erased
I'll never feel alone again with you by my side
You're the one and in you I confide more
And we have gone through good and bad times
But your unconditional love was always on my mind
You've been there from the start for me
And your love's always been true as can be
I give my heart to you
I give my heart 'cause nothing
Can compare in this world to you
And we have gone through good and bad times
But your unconditional love was always on my mind
You've been there from the start for me
And your love's always been true as can be
I give my heart to you
I give my heart 'cause nothing
Can compare in this world to you
I give my heart to you
I give my heart 'cause nothing
Can compare in this world to you
Retrieved in August 24th 2017 from: https://goo.gl/iSR81D
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APPENDIX 2
BIOGRAPHY OF MATTHEW CHARLES SANDERS
Matthew Charles Sanders, popularly
known by his stage name M. Shadows was born
on July 31, 1981, in Huntington Beach in
California, to Kim Sanders and Gary Sanders. He
has a younger sister Amy. He is an American
singer, musician, and songwriter. He is the lead
vocalist of the band Avenged Sevenfold. M.
Shadows is voted third in the list of Top 25 Greatest Modern Frontmen by
Ultimate Guitar. Guns N' Roses has been his all-time favorite. He readily admits
that Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, Iron Maiden, Pantera, Ozzy Osbourne, and some
others have influenced his style. Till date, Avenged Sevenfold has released seven
studio albums, 24 singles, two compilation albums, and one live album. They have
sold over 8 million albums worldwide. The band was ranked No. 47 on Loudwire's
list of Top 50 Metal Bands of All Time.
On October 17, 2009, M. Shadows married his longtime girlfriend Valary
DiBendetto who is a model and actress. They have been together since the 6th
grade. The couple has two sons, River Sanders, who was born on July 4, 2012, and
Cash Sanders, born on August 15, 2014.
Retrieved in May 22nd 2018 from: https://goo.gl/bY4XN5
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