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The Medieval Church
And the Holy Roman Empire
By: Mrs. Deborah Thompson
Pages 518 - 521
The raids byMuslims,
Magyars, andVikings helpedTo destroy the
FrankishKingdoms.
The easternFrankish
kingdom todayknown as
Germany was divided into
many tiny statesruled by counts,dukes, and other
nobles who wanted to beindependent.
Eventually,a group of
nobles tried to unite Germany
by appointinga king.
One of the stronger kings
of Germanywas Otto I
Otto I foughtthe Magyars
and sent troopsto Italy to
protect thepope.
To reward Ottothe pope declared
him emperor ofthe Romans in
A.D. 962Otto’s territory thenincluded most of Germany
and northern Italy and became known as theHoly Roman Empire.
Most emperors of the HolyRoman Empire were not
very strong.Two of the more
Powerful emperorsWere Frederick IAnd Frederick II
Who both tried to Unite northern
Italy and GermanyUnder a singleRuler with a
Strong centralGovernment.
The popes foughtagainst these plans
because they did notwant the emperorto control them Or the church.
As a result, Germany And Italy remained
Divided into small kingdomsUntil the 1800’s.
Holy RomanEmpire
Main Idea:The Catholic Church spread Christianity through
Western Europe.
After the RomanGovernment fell apart,
The Roman CatholicChurch began toplay an importantrole in the growth
of Western Europe.
Christianity becamethe official religion
of Rome.
Religion and geography played an importantrole in shaping life in Europe.
In the A.D. 400’s a priestnamed Patrick traveled to Ireland, where he spread
the Christian message and set up churches and
monasteries.
Irish monks helped topreserve Roman learningand passed it on to the
People of Europe.
Pope Gregory I, also known as Gregory the
Great, wanted all of Europe to become Christian and he asked monks
to become Missionaries.
He sent monks toBritain to teach
Christianity.
The ruler of Britain, Ethelbert,
allowed the missionaries tobuild a churchin his capital
city of Canterbury.
By A.D. 800, Monks were spreading
Christianitythroughout Europe
and as a result, most peoplein Western Europe had
become Catholics by 1050.
Monasteries played an important role in medieval Europe such as:
1. Opened schools to educate the people.
2. Provided food and rest to travelers.
3. Offered hospital care for the sick.
4. Taught carpentry and weaving.
5. Developed better methods of farming.
6. Helped preserve knowledge.
Visitation Monastery Mobile, Ala. Springhill Ave.
Chapel built circa 1870
Gargoyle
The chapel
Marble Alter
A Fresco
The Abbess
A woman joins the order
Prayer Time
The nuns’ Graveyard
Visitation Monastery Mobile, Ala. Springhill Ave.
Chapel built circa 1870
Gargoyle
The chapel
Marble Alter
A Fresco
The Abbess
A woman joins the order
Prayer Time
The nuns’ Graveyard
Monks took a vow of poverty, wore simple clothes, and ate simple food,
while the monasteries made money.
Many monasteries had Writing rooms called
scriptoria wheremonks made copies of
important works.
Monks copied Christianwritings, including the Bible, as well as works
of Roman and Greek writers.
Each monastery producedgoods and owned land
that could create wealth.
The leader of a monastery is called an abbot and many abbots became involved in politics by serving as advisors to the king and acting as rulers of lands
near monasteries.
Gregory VII did not want the king or nobles to
interfere in church affairs by choosing high ranking church officials, such as bishops, and issued a decree to stop
them.King Henry IV declared that Gregory was no longer the pope and Gregory VII declared Henry was no longer the
king!!
Gregory VII was elected pope in
A.D. 1073.
The role of the abbots became so
important that it led to conflict between the church and the kings over “who is in charge”.
Why is Gregory VIIImportant?
What happened
next?
As result, Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV.Excommunication excludes a person from Churchmembership and Catholics believed that person
could not go to heaven.
When the German nobles supported the pope, Henry IV had to back down ask the pope for forgiveness.
Even though Pope Gregory VII forgave Henry IV, the conflict was not resolveduntil A.D. 1122 when a new pope and another German king made a deal calledthe Concordat of Worms, which said that only the pope could choose Bishops
but only the emperor could give them jobs in the government.
An interdict forbids priests from providing Christian rituals to a group of people.
The people believed that they could not go to heaven and would put pressure on their ruler to obey the pope.
When Innocent III was pope in A.D. 1198,The Catholic Church was
at the height of its power and could control the kings.
If a ruler did not obey, Innocent wouldexcommunicate him or issue an
Interdict against his kingdom and people.
A concordat is an agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country.
