The Mexican-The Mexican-American WarAmerican War

Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Section 3Section 3

Manifest Destiny and the outcome of the Mexican-American War led to U.S. Expansion to the Pacific Ocean.

Many Americans believed the nation had a manifest destiny to claim new lands in the West.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• Americans began to Americans began to

see their mission as see their mission as spreading freedom spreading freedom to the entire to the entire continentcontinent

NY newspaper NY newspaper editor John editor John O’Sullivan declared O’Sullivan declared this idea as this idea as America’s America’s Manifest Manifest DestinyDestiny

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• The 1844 Presidential The 1844 Presidential

Election focused Election focused around the boundary of around the boundary of the Oregon Countrythe Oregon Country

• The Democrats Candidate – James K Polk – His campaign slogan

“Fifty-four Forty or Fight”

President President James K. James K. PolkPolk

The focus of the The focus of the 1844 election - 1844 election - The Oregon The Oregon CountryCountry

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• Polk defeats the Whig candidate, Henry

Clay– Oregon would be annexed in 1848 at

49th parallel, not Fifty-four Forty like Polk wanted

President James K. Polk

Henry Clay

LOSER

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

• Texas become a US state on Texas become a US state on December 29, 1845 which was 9 December 29, 1845 which was 9 years after the Texan Revolutionyears after the Texan Revolution– This angered Mexico This angered Mexico

The flag of TexasThe flag of Texas

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• Spain originally tried to colonize CA with the Spain originally tried to colonize CA with the

Mission systemMission system– The mission system was almost like a system of The mission system was almost like a system of

slavery for Indiansslavery for Indians

• Mexico got CA after it gained it’s independence from Spain– The time that Mexico controlled CA is often

referred to as the time of the ranchos and rancheros

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• Missions were broken up in the 1830s by Missions were broken up in the 1830s by

Mexico. Mexico.

– Land grants given to wealthiest California Land grants given to wealthiest California settlerssettlers

– Created vast ranchos, or ranchesCreated vast ranchos, or ranches

– Worked by Worked by vaquerosvaqueros, or cowboys, or cowboysYee haw

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny• About 3,200 Mexican settlers, or About 3,200 Mexican settlers, or

CaliforniosCalifornios, were in California in the , were in California in the early 1820s.early 1820s.– Anglos, or settlers from the United States, Anglos, or settlers from the United States,

started to arrive in small numbers. They started to arrive in small numbers. They began calling for independence.began calling for independence.

Mexican-American WarMexican-American War• Main Idea 2:Main Idea 2:

– As a result of the Mexican-American As a result of the Mexican-American War, the United States added territory War, the United States added territory in the Southwest.in the Southwest.

Oregon

FloridaTexas

Mexican-Mexican-American WarAmerican War

• American John C. American John C. Fremont (right) wrote Fremont (right) wrote about CA’s greatness – about CA’s greatness – His writings inspired His writings inspired other Americans to come other Americans to come to CAto CA

• President James K. Polk President James K. Polk offered to buy CA from offered to buy CA from MexicoMexico– He wanted America to He wanted America to

have land from ocean have land from ocean to oceanto ocean

Sacramento River Valley

1. At first, Mexico welcomed American 1. At first, Mexico welcomed American settlers in New Mexico.settlers in New Mexico.

A. True

B. False

2. Americans went to CA via the 2. Americans went to CA via the Oregon Trail and stayed in …Oregon Trail and stayed in …

A.A. the Sacramento River Valleythe Sacramento River Valley

B. Southern California

C. Compton

D. Central California

E. I don’t know

Mexican-American WarMexican-American War

• President James K. Polk wanted to President James K. Polk wanted to provoke Mexico into war so we could provoke Mexico into war so we could get Californiaget California

My Precious!!

Mexican-American WarMexican-American War

• A dispute on Texas border then A dispute on Texas border then arosearose– Was the border of Texas at the Rio Was the border of Texas at the Rio

Grande or Nueces River?Grande or Nueces River?• America said it was at the Rio GrandeAmerica said it was at the Rio Grande• Mexico said it was at the Nueces RiverMexico said it was at the Nueces River

Mexican-Mexican-American WarAmerican War

• Polk sent General Zachary Polk sent General Zachary Taylor (right) and his Taylor (right) and his troops into the disputed troops into the disputed area between the riversarea between the rivers

• Mexico attacked TaylorMexico attacked Taylor• Polk was then Polk was then

given justification given justification

for war with for war with

Mexico because of Mexico because of

“ “invasion”invasion”

Mexican-American Mexican-American WarWar

• The United States and General Kearney took The United States and General Kearney took the New Mexico territory without a shot firedthe New Mexico territory without a shot fired

All too easy

3. Which President tried to buy California from 3. Which President tried to buy California from Mexico, and then went to war to get it?Mexico, and then went to war to get it?

A. Andrew Jackson B. John Q. Adams

C. James K. Polk D. Abraham Lincoln

4. A dispute over the Texas border arose 4. A dispute over the Texas border arose when America said that the border was at when America said that the border was at

the _____.the _____.

A.A. Nueces RiverNueces River

B. Rio Grande River

C. Colorado River

D. Alamo

E. I don’t know The Texas Border

Mexican-American WarMexican-American War• The US’s plan to victoryThe US’s plan to victory

– Drive the Mexicans out of the disputed areaDrive the Mexicans out of the disputed area– Seize the New Mexico and California territoriesSeize the New Mexico and California territories– Capture the capitol city, Mexico CityCapture the capitol city, Mexico City

5. President James K. Polk sent Zachary 5. President James K. Polk sent Zachary Taylor into the disputed area in order to Taylor into the disputed area in order to

provoke a war with Mexico.provoke a war with Mexico.A. True

B. False

6. Capturing Mexico City was the first thing 6. Capturing Mexico City was the first thing to do in America’s plan of war against to do in America’s plan of war against

Mexico.Mexico.

A. True

B. False

- This was the - This was the last part of last part of America’s planAmerica’s plan

Mexican-American WarMexican-American War• A group of American A group of American

rebels in CA rebels in CA proclaimed proclaimed independence from independence from MexicoMexico– They called CA the They called CA the

Bear Flag RepublicBear Flag Republic– John C. Fremont and John C. Fremont and

Kit Carson led the Kit Carson led the rebel forces against rebel forces against Mexican troopsMexican troops

John C. FreemontJohn C. Freemont

Mexican-American WarMexican-American War• John Sloat leads the US Navy to CAJohn Sloat leads the US Navy to CA

– He helps take control of CA for the USHe helps take control of CA for the US

• American General Kearney arrives American General Kearney arrives with the army and takes control of CAwith the army and takes control of CA– California is taken by January of 1847California is taken by January of 1847

John Sloat and the US Navy arrive in CaliforniaJohn Sloat and the US Navy arrive in California

Mexican-American WarMexican-American War• After CA falls, the US quickly takes Mexico After CA falls, the US quickly takes Mexico

City in Septer of 1847City in Septer of 1847• The US gains control over CA and the New The US gains control over CA and the New

Mexico territoriesMexico territories– As well as the Rio Grande as the border of As well as the Rio Grande as the border of

TexasTexas

7. The group of American rebels that proclaimed 7. The group of American rebels that proclaimed California independent of Mexico called CA …California independent of Mexico called CA …

A.A. The Earthquake StateThe Earthquake State

B. the California Republic

C. the Bear Flag Country

D. the Bear Flag Republic

E. I don’t know

John C. Freemont – a Californian

rebel

American Settlement in the Mexican American Settlement in the Mexican CessionCession

• Main Idea 3:Main Idea 3:– American settlement in the Mexican American settlement in the Mexican

Cession produced conflict and Cession produced conflict and blending of cultures. United States blending of cultures. United States added territory in the Southwest.added territory in the Southwest.

Southwest

American Settlement in the Mexican American Settlement in the Mexican CessionCession

• Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo officially officially ended the war in 1848ended the war in 1848

– Mexican Cession included present-day Mexican Cession included present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of California, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and WyomingWyoming

– Increased size of United States by almost Increased size of United States by almost 25%25%

CANV

UT

AZ NM

CO

WY

American Settlement in the Mexican American Settlement in the Mexican CessionCession

• In the In the Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase of 1853, the of 1853, the United States paid $10 million for southern United States paid $10 million for southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexicoparts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico

American Settlement in the Mexican American Settlement in the Mexican CessionCession

• Americans flooded into the Southwest.– The new settlers battled longtime residents

to control land, water, and minerals. – Many Mexicans and Native Americans faced

legal, economic, and social discrimination

American Settlement in the Mexican American Settlement in the Mexican CessionCession

• The Mexican and Native American cultures shaped the names, traditions, and economies of the American Southwest