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Frequently Asked Questions
THE MILLENNIUM
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
1
What are the
Millennium Development Goals?
• MDGs is a vision to fight poverty in its many dimensions.
• That vision is translated into eight goals, ranging from halving extreme poverty rates, to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education.
• Has remained the overarching development framework for the world for the last 15 years.
• Progress towards the eight goals is measured through 21 targets and 60 official indicators.
2
When are the MDGs expected to end?
The MDGs are expected to conclude on
31 December 2015
3
Were the MDGs a success?
• The MDGs have produced the most successful anti-
poverty movement in history.
• The MDGs have lifted millions out of poverty.
4
Were the MDGs a success? (Cont’d)
• Through MDGs the world has achieved equality in primary
education between boys and girls and investments in
health have produced positive results to name a few
accomplishments.
5
What have the MDGs accomplished?
• The MDGs have proven that goal-setting can lift millions
out of poverty, empower women and girls, improve health
and well-being and provide vast new opportunities for
better lives.
6
What have the MDGs accomplished? (Cont’d)
• Women have gained ground in parliamentary
representation in nearly 90 per cent of the 174 countries
with data over the past 20 years.
• In 2015, 95 per cent of the global population is using an
improved drinking water source, compared to 76 per cent
in 1990.
7
What have the MDGs accomplished? (Cont’d)
• The global under-five mortality rate has declined by more
than half, dropping from 90 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live
births between 1990 and 2015.
8
What have the MDGs accomplished? (Cont’d)
• Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has declined by
45 per cent worldwide and most of the reduction occurred
since 2000.
9
What have the MDGs accomplished? (Cont’d)
• New HIV infections fell by approximately 40 per cent
between 2000 and 2013.
• Over 6.2 million malaria deaths were averted between
2000 and 2015.
10
What are the lessons learned from the
MDG experience?
• The MDGs show that a clear vision and targeted international efforts through coordinated partnerships with all engaged stakeholders can really work.
• Demonstrated that effective use of data can help to galvanize development efforts, implement successful targeted interventions, track performance and improve accountability.
• Using reliable data to monitor progress towards the MDGs also allowed governments at national and subnational levels to effectively focus their development policies, programmes and interventions.
11
What happens after
the goals expire in 2015?
• World leaders have called for an ambitious long-term
sustainability agenda to succeed the MDGs.
• A new development agenda will be formed which will
include 17 Sustainable Development Goals that will
build on the successes of the MDGs.
12
In what way are the
SDGs different from the MDGs?
• The new goals will encompass social, economic and
environmental dimensions.
• Tackling climate change and fostering sustainable
development are two mutually reinforcing sides of the
same coin; sustainable development cannot be achieved
without climate action.
13
Why is 2015 so important?
• This year, the UN is hosting three global conferences—
the Third International Conference on Financing for
Development in Addis Ababa in July, the Sustainable
Development Summit in New York in September and the
Climate Change Conference in Paris in December—that
will determine how we work together to promote shared
prosperity and well-being for all, while protecting the
environment over the next 15 years.
14
Why is 2015 so important? (Cont’d)
Success in this global agenda will be driven by the voices of the people, working in partnership with global
leaders, because we all have a shared responsibility for our future.
This is the time for global action.
15
THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS REPORT 2015
FACTS GLOBAL AND REGIONAL
16
Global Facts
17
18
19
2015 Final Assessment of
MDG Achievements
20
FINAL ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS TOWARD ACHIEVING THE MDGS
The most successful anti-poverty
movement in history
An inspiring framework that has
led to many successes in
numerous development areas
since 2000
The successes of the MDG
agenda prove that global action
works.
It is the only path to ensure that
the new development agenda
leaves no one behind Photo: © UNICEF/Syed Altaf Ahmad
21
22
23
Poverty rates have been more than halved
Extreme poverty rate in developing countries
Goal: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
In 1990, nearly half of the
population in the developing
world lived on less than $1.25
a day; that proportion dropped
to 14 per cent in 2015.
This translates to over 1 billion
people lifted out of extreme
poverty.
The proportion of
undernourished people in the
developing regions has fallen
by almost half since 1990.
Global number of extreme poor
24
Extreme poverty:
In 1990, nearly half of the
population in the developing
regions lived on less than
$1.25 a day. This rate
dropped to 14% in 2015.
Globally, the number of
people living in extreme
poverty has declined from 1.9
billion in 1990 to 836 million
in 2015.
ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
Hunger:
The proportion of undernourished
people in the developing regions has
fallen by almost half since 1990,
from 23.3 per cent in 1990–1992 to
12.9 per cent in 2014–2016.
25
26
27
Goal: Achieve universal primary education
Tremendous progress has been made since
2000 in enrolling children in primary school
The developing regions’ primary
school net enrolment rate has
reached 91 per cent in 2015, up
from 83 per cent in 2000.
The target is close to being
reached in all regions except sub-
Saharan Africa. Greatest progress
in primary school enrolment among
all developing regions occurred in
sub-Saharan Africa.
Adjusted net enrolment rate* in primary
education, sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania,
1990, 2000 and 2015 (percentage)
28
Primary school
enrollment:
In the developing regions,
the primary school net
enrollment rate has
reached 91% in 2015.
Sub-Saharan Africa
recorded the best progress
in primary education, with
a 20%-point increase in
the net enrollment ratio
from 2000-2015, compared
to an 8%-point gain
between 1990-2000.
ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
Literacy rate:
Among youth aged 15 to 24,
the literacy rate has improved
globally from 83 per cent to
91% between 1990 and 2015,
and the gap between women
and men has narrowed.
Out-of-school children:
Globally, the number of out-
of-school children of
primary school age has
fallen to an estimated 57
million in 2015, down from
100 million in 2000.
29
30
31
The developing regions as a whole
have achieved the target to eliminate
gender disparity in primary,
secondary and tertiary education.
In Southern Asia, only 74 girls were
enrolled in primary school for every
100 boys in 1990. Today, 103 girls
are enrolled for every 100 boys.
Women have gained ground in
parliamentary representation in
nearly 90 per cent of the 174
countries with data over the past 20
years.
Goal: Promote gender equality and empower women
The developing regions have reached gender parity
in primary, secondary and tertiary education
Gender parity index* for gross enrolment
ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary
education in Southern Asia and the
developing regions, 1990, 2000 and 2015
* The gender parity index is defined as the ratio of the female gross enrolment ratio to
the male gross enrolment ratio for each level of education.
32
Gender equality in education:
Many more girls are now in school compared with 15 years ago. In Southern Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in primary school for every 100 boys in 1990, but today, there are 103 girls for every 100 boys.
PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
Women in parliament:
Women have gained
ground in parliamentary
representation in nearly
90% of the 174 countries
with data over the past
20 years. The average
proportion of women in
parliament has nearly
doubled during the same
period, although only
one in five members is a
woman.
Women’s employment:
In 2015, women make up 41%
of paid employments outside
the agriculture sector, an
increase from 35% in 1990.
33
34
35
Goal: Reduce child mortality
Dramatic decline in preventable child deaths is one of the most significant achievements in human history
Global number of deaths of children under five
Photo: © UNICEF/Esiebo
Since the early 1990s, the rate of
reduction of under-five mortality
has more than tripled globally.
The global under-five mortality
rate has declined by more than
half, dropping from 90 to 43
deaths per 1,000 live births
between 1990 and 2015.
Measles vaccination helped
prevent nearly 15.6 million
deaths between 2000 and 2013.
36
Child mortality rate:
Globally, the under-five
mortality rate dropped
from 90 to 43 deaths per
1,000 live births
between 1990 and
2015. Despite
population growth in the
developing regions, the
number of deaths of
children under five
declined from 12.7
million in 1990 to almost
6 million in 2015
globally.
REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
Infectious diseases:
Measles vaccination
helped prevent nearly
15.6 million deaths
between 2000 and
2013. The number of
globally reported
measles cases
declined by 67%.
About 84% of children
worldwide received at
least one dose of
measles-containing
vaccine in 2013, up
from 73% in 2000.
37
38
39
Goal: Improve maternal health
Steady progress was made to improve maternal health
Global maternal mortality ratio
(deaths per 100,000 live births)
Global births attended by skilled health personnel
Since 1990, the maternal
mortality ratio has declined by 45
per cent worldwide, and most of
the reduction has occurred since
2000.
More than 71 per cent of births
were assisted by skilled health
personnel globally in 2014, an
increase from 59 per cent in
1990.
40
Maternal mortality ratio
(worldwide):
Since 1990, it declined by
almost half worldwide, and
most of the reduction has
occurred since 2000.
IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
Birth assistance:
Close to 3/4 of births were
assisted by skilled health
personnel globally in 2014, an
increase from 59% in 1990.
Maternal mortality ratio
(Southern Asia, sub-
Saharan Africa):
In Southern Asia, the
maternal mortality ratio
declined
by 64% between 1990 and
2013, and in sub-Saharan
Africa it fell by almost half.
41
42
43
New HIV infections fell by approximately 40 per cent between 2000 and 2013, from an estimated 3.5 million cases to 2.1 million.
By June 2014, 13.6 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally, an immense increase from just 800,000 in 2003. ART averted 7.6 million deaths from AIDS between 1995 and 2013.
HIV infections fell in many regions of the world
Goal: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy, 2003-2015,
number of deaths from AIDS-related causes and number of
people newly infected with HIV, 2001-2013 (millions)
44
Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have
been averted between 2000 and
2015, primarily of children under five
years of age in sub-Saharan Africa.
More than 900 million insecticide-
treated mosquito nets were delivered
to malaria-endemic countries in sub-
Saharan Africa between 2004 and
2014.
Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis
prevention, diagnosis and treatment
interventions saved an estimated 37
million lives.
Number of insecticide treated mosquito nets
delivered in sub-Saharan Africa, 2004–2014
Goal: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Malaria and TB incidence have halted and reversed
Mosquito net icon: by Luis Prado from thenounproject.com
45
New infection rate of HIV:
New infections fell approximately
by 40% between 2000 and 2013,
from an estimated 3.5 million
cases to 2.1 million.
COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES
Tuberculosis:
Between 2000 and 2013,
tuberculosis prevention,
diagnosis and treatment
interventions saved an
estimated 37 million
lives. The tuberculosis
mortality rate fell by 45%
and the prevalence rate
fell by 41% between
1990 and 2013.
Malaria deaths and malaria
incidence rate:
Over 6.2 million malaria deaths
have been averted between
2000 and 2015, primarily of
children under five years of
age. The global malaria
incidence rate has fallen by an
estimated 37%, and the
mortality rate has fallen by
more than half.
Antiretroviral therapy:
By June 2014, 13.6 million people living
with HIV were receiving antiretroviral
therapy (ART) globally, an immense
increase from just 800,000 in 2003.
46
47
48
Goal: Ensure environmental sustainability
Safe drinking water and ozone protection targets met
In 2015, 91% of the global population
is using an improved drinking water
source, up from 76% in 1990– the
target was met 5 years ahead of the
2015 deadline.
Of the 2.6 billion people who have
gained access to improved drinking
water since1990, 1.9 billion gained
access to piped drinking water on
premises.
Ozone-depleting substances have
been virtually eliminated since 1990,
and the ozone layer is expected to
recover by the middle of this century.
1.9 billion people have gained access
to piped drinking water since 1990
98% of ozone-depleting substances
eliminated since 1990
49
Drinking water:
In 2015, more than 90% of the global
population is using an improved
drinking water source, compared to
around three-quarters in 1990. About
2.6 billion people have gained
access to improved drinking water
since 1990.
ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Slums:
The proportion of
urban population
living in slums in the
developing regions
fell from
approximately
39.4% in 2000 to
29.7% in 2014.
Ozone depletion:
Ozone-depleting
substances have been
virtually eliminated since
1990, and the ozone
layer is expected to
recover by the mid 21st c.
Sanitation:
Worldwide 2.1 billion people have
gained access to improved
sanitation. The proportion of people
practicing open defecation has
fallen almost by half since 1990.
50
51
52
ODA increased by 66% in real terms
between 2000 and 2014, reaching
$135.2 billion.
The number of mobile-cellular
subscriptions has grown almost
tenfold in the last 15 years: from 738
million to over 7 billion (2000-2015).
Internet penetration has grown from
just over 6 per cent of the world’s
population in 2000 to 43 per cent in
2015-- translating to 3.2 billion
people linked to a global network.
Goal: Develop a global partnership for development
Global improvements in official development assistance, mobile-cellular subscriptions and internet penetration
Official development assistance (ODA)
Internet penetration
53
Official development assistance (ODA):
ODA from developed countries increased by
66% in real terms between 2000 and 2014,
reaching $135.2 billion from 81 Kingdom
continued to exceed the United Nations ODA
target of 0.7% of GNI.
DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
Internet penetration:
Internet penetration has grown from
just over 6 per cent of the world’s
population in 2000 to 43% in 2015.
As a result, 3.2 billion people are
linked to a global network of
content and applications.
Trade:
In 2014, almost 4/5 of imports from
developing to developed countries
were admitted duty free, up from
65% in 2000.
54
Facts about the
Caucasus and Central Asia
55
Hunger:
The region has achieved
the goal of halving hunger
by 2015. Also, the proportion
of undernourished children
was halved. The proportion
of undernourished people
in the total population has
decreased to 7.0% in
2014–2016.
CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA
Primary education:
97.4% of pupils who
started primary school
completed the last
grade, bringing this
region closer to
achieving the universal
primary education goal.
56
CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA
Gender equality:
Parity in both primary and
secondary education between
boys and girls.
Parity in the No. of women and
men holding wage-earning jobs,
with women holding 44 out of
every 100 wage-earning jobs in
the non-agricultural sector in
2015.
The proportion of seats held by
women in national parliaments
increased from 7% in 2000 to a
projected 18% in 2015.
Child mortality:
The under-five mortality
rate was reduced by
55% between 1990 and
2015, from 73 deaths
per 1,000 live births in
1990 to 33 in 2015.
57
CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA
Water and sanitation:
The drinking water coverage has increased in
Caucasus and Central Asia, where the coverage
rate increased from 87% in 1990 to 89% in 2015.
The region reached the target of halving the
proportion of population without basic sanitation
ahead of schedule, with 96% of the population
using an improved sanitation facility in 2015.
58
Leaving no one behind
59
Gender inequality persists
Women continue to face
discrimination in access to work,
economic assets and participation
in private and public decision-
making.
Women are also more likely to live
in poverty than men.
Only one in five national
parliament members are women.
Photo: ©Tran Thi Hoa/World Bank
60
Big gaps exist between the poorest and the
richest; between rural and urban areas Children in the poorest households
are four times as likely to be out of
school as those in the richest
households.
Under-five mortality rates are almost
twice as high for children in the
poorest households as for children in
the richest.
About 50 per cent of people living in
rural areas lack improved sanitation
facilities, compared to only 18 per
cent of people in urban areas.
Photo: © UNICEF/Romenzi
61
Climate change and environmental
degradation undermine progress achieved
Global emissions of carbon dioxide
have increased by over 50 per cent
since 1990.
Water scarcity affects 40 per cent of
people in the world and is projected to
increase.
Overexploitation of marine fish stocks
led to declines in the percentage of
stocks within safe biological limits,
down from 90 per cent in 1974 to 71
per cent in 2011.
Photo: © UN Photo/Ky Chung
62
Conflicts remain the biggest threat to
human development
By the end of 2014, conflicts had
forced almost 60 million people to
abandon their homes—the highest
level recorded since the Second
World War.
Every day, 42,000 people on average
are forcibly displaced and compelled
to seek protection due to conflicts,
almost four times the 2010 number of
11,000.
Fragile and conflict-affected countries
typically have the highest poverty
rates. Photo: ©Jodi Hilton/IRIN
63
Millions of poor people still live in poverty and
hunger, without access to basic services
About 800 million people still live in extreme poverty and suffer from hunger.
Almost half of global workers are still working in vulnerable conditions.
About 16,000 children die each day before celebrating their fifth birthday, mostly from preventable causes.
1 in 3 people (2.4 billion) still use unimproved sanitation facilities– 946 million people still practise open defecation.
880 million people are estimated to be living in slum-like conditions.
Photo: ©Kaori Kobayashi/UNDP Picture This
64
Transitioning from the MDGs
to the Post-2015
Development Agenda
65
Sustainable data for sustainable
development The monitoring of the MDGs
taught us that data are an
indispensable element of the
development agenda – What gets
measured gets done
Better, faster, more
disaggregated data are needed
for the post-2015 development
agenda
Strong political commitment and
significantly increased resources
will be needed to meet the data
demand for the new development
agenda
Proportion of countries and territories in the
developing regions with at least two data
points for 22 selected MDG indicators, 2003,
2006 and 2014 (percentage)
66
Momentum to transition to the post-2015
development agenda
A bold new agenda is on the horizon–to better meet human needs and the requirements of economic transformation, while protecting the environment, ensuring peace and realizing human rights.
Global action works-- the successes of these past 15 years prove this. It is the only way to ensure that the new development agenda leaves no one behind.
“Reflecting on the MDGs and looking ahead to the next fifteen years, there is no question that we can deliver on our shared responsibility to put an end to poverty, leave no one behind and create a world of dignity for all.” --- UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki- Moon
67
TRANSITIONING FROM MDGs SDGs • Goal 1: Eradicating poverty and hunger is central
to the post-2015 development agenda
• Goal 2: The unfinished work on education must
rank high on the post-2015 development agenda
• Goal 3: The fundamental causes of inequality
between women and men must be rectified
• Goal 4: Child survival must remain at the heart of
the post-2015 global development agenda
68
• Goal 5: Improving maternal health is part of the
unfinished agenda for the post-2015 period
• Goal 6: Strategic efforts on health must be
expanded in the post-2015 era
• Goal 7: Environmental sustainability is a core
pillar of the post-2015 development agenda
• Goal 8: Greater funding and innovation are crucial
to implementation of the post-2015 development
agenda
TRANSITIONING FROM MDGs SDGs
69
A SYNOPSIS OF THE SUGGESTED
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
70
For the Full List of SDGs visit
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
http://mdgs.un.org
71
Compiled and Issued by the UN Department of Public Information