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The Name Game: Ionic Compounds
1. The cation comes first in the name (and in the formula) and it retains the name of the element.
2. If the compound contains a transition metal cation, the oxidation number of the cation is indicated in parentheses in roman numerals.Ex: Au3+ gold(III)
3. The name of the anion is changed so that it ends in -ideEx: chlorine chloride, oxygen oxide
AuCl3 Gold(III) chloride
PbO2 Lead(IV) oxide
Metals in Group 14 can often have more than one oxidation number
Na3N Sodium nitride
PbBr2 Lead(II) bromide
Now, you try some...
AgF Silver(I) fluoride
Al2S3 Aluminum sulfide
MgCl2 Magnesium chloride
FeCl3 Iron(III) chloride
TiO2 Titanium(IV) oxide
Polyatomic ions are made of more than one atom AND carry a charge.
1 P + 4 O + 3 e- PO4 -3
Whenever you are writing a formula with a polyatomic ion, imagine that it is surrounded by a force field that prevents the atoms in the ion from separating.
Phosphate ion
Polyatomic ions that you need to know are:
PO4-3
SO4-2
CO3-2
NO3-1
ClO3-1
OH-1
C2H3O2-1
NH4+1
Phosphate
SulfateCarbonate
NitrateChlorate
HydroxideAcetate
AmmoniumPg 619
The key to success is recognizing the polyatomic ions.
NH4Cl
NH3
Na4C
Na2SO4
Na2S
NaNO3
SO2
CO2
MgCO3
NaCl
NaClO3
NaOH
NH4OH
H3PO4
PCl3
AuPO4
AuP
Au2O
Some ionic compounds with polyatomics…
Aluminum and nitrateAluminum and nitrate
Al+3 NO3-1
Ammonium and carbonateAmmonium and carbonate
Al(NO3)3
NH4+ CO3
-
2
NO3-
NO3-
NO3-
Al+3
Aluminum and phosphateAluminum and phosphate
Al+3
PO4-3
Al+3 PO4-3
AlPO4
Ionic compounds are called formula units, NOT molecules.
Ionic compounds are called formula units, NOT molecules.
CO3-2NH4
+
NH4+
(NH4)2CO3
Now you try some…Now you try some…
Write the formulas for the following combinations
1. Sodium and phosphate
2. Ammonium and sulfur
3. Carbonate and silver(I)
4. Hydroxide and zinc(II)
5. Phosphate and iron(II)
6. Ammonium and carbonate
7. Gold(III) and acetate
Na3PO4
(NH4)2S
Ag2CO3
Zn(OH)2
Fe3(PO4)2
(NH4)2CO3
Au(C2H3O2)3
Naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions
1. The cation comes first in the name (and in the formula) and it retains the name of the element or the ion if ammonium.
2. The polyatomic anion retains its name.
Ex: CaSO4 would be calcium sulfate
NH4Cl
NH4ClO4
would be ammonium chloride
would be ammonium perchlorate