The Native Tribes of Eastern Bolivia and Western Matto Grosso

7/25/2019 The Native Tribes of Eastern Bolivia and Western Matto Grosso

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THE NATIVE TRIBES OF EASTERN BOLIVIA AND WESTERN MATTO GROSSO

By

ALFRED METRAUX

MOSETEN AND CHIMAN

TRIBAL DIVISIONS AND HISTORY

The Moseten {Rahe! A"o! Ch#"$a! C%"ana! A$a&ono! Ma'(a)eno* )%+e( a)on'

the Bo$% ,Wo$%* -%+e& to Es$%a an( a)on' the .#%/#%+e an( Ben% R%+e&s no&th to

the +%%n%ty o0 the to1n o0 Reyes #nt%) the en( o0 the n%neteenth ent#&y! 1hen

they 1e&e onent&ate( %n the M%ss%ons o0 Co+en(o! Santa Ana! an( M#hanes2

The Ch%"an {Ch%"an%sa! Ch#"ano3 Ch%"an%! Na1a4%5Mont6%*! 1ho 7e)on'e( to

the sa"e )%n'#%st% sto8! 1e&e sett)e( on the #$$e& Man%/#% ,Ch%"ane* an(

A$e&e R%+e&s23 The Moseten o0 the Ben% R%+e& 1e&e a)so a))e( M#han3 1h%)e

those at the 6#nt%on o0 the Bo$% an( Ben%

R%+e&s 1e&e a))e( T##$%2 The Gh%"an a&e o0ten )%ste( #n(e& the na"e o0Ch#"ano a"on' the nat%+e t&%7es o0 A$o)o7a"7a o& Ca&a7aya %n se+enteenth5

an( e%'hteenth5ent#&y (o#"ents2 Fathe& G&e'o&%o (e Bo)%+a&! 1ho so6o#&ne(

a"on' the" %n 9:;9! (es&%7es the" as


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s#76#'ate( 7y the"2 The &st "%ss%ona&y to the Moseten 1as $&o7a7)y G&e'o&%o

(e Bo)%+a&2 On h%s e$e(%t%on o0 9:;9 he staye( 1%th the Gh%"an! 7#t h%s

ao#nt (oes not "ent%on the Moseten 7y any o0 the na"es 7y 1h%h they

1e&e 8no1n %n the se+enteenth ent#&y2 On anothe& e$e(%t%on so"e yea&s

)ate&! ho1e+e&! $e&ha$s a&o#n( 9:@9! he ente&e( the )an( o0 the Moseten 0&o"

Co)o"e! nea& Coha7a"7a2 H%s o"$an%on! a )ay"an! (ese&te( h%" an( 1as

8%))e( 7y the Gh#n%$a In(%ans2 He h%"se)0 &e"a%ne( %n a +%))a'e on the Se$ayo

R%+e&! 1h%h 1as atta8e( one n%'ht 7y a $a&ty o0 May#"na3 $&o75 a7)y Mo6o!

1ho )%+e( (o1nst&ea"2 The Fathe& 1as 8%(na$$e( an( 1as ne+e& hea&( 0&o"

a'a%n2 Anothe& A#'#st%n $&%est &osse( the )an( o0 the Rohe {Moseten* %n

9::: an( &eahe( the Ma"o&e R%+e&! 1he&e he 1as 8%))e( 7y the A&e#&%ano!

$&o7a7)y a Mo6o t&%7e the Mo6o! ho1e+e&! 7)a"e( the "#&(e& on the Moseten2

The &e)%'%o#s an( $o)%t%a) on/#est o0 the )an( o0 the Moseten 1as #n(e&ta8en

%n 9::: an( 9:: 7y the Go+e&no& o0 Santa C! Don Ben%to (e R%+e&a y

.#%&o'a! The Do"%n%an Fathe& F&an5 %so (e) Rosa&%o! 1ho! 1%th Fathe& Jose

Mo&%))o! ao"$an%e( the

e$e(%t%on an( $)aye( an %"$o&tant $a&t %n %t as a so#t an( )ea(e&!

'a+e #s a (eta%)e( ao#nt o0 %ts +a&%o#s %n%(ents %n a )ette& 1&%tten at

.#eto/#eto %n 9: ,see Me)en(e4! 9:?;! +o)2 @! $$2 ?9;5?*2 Fathe& F&an%so

(e) Rosa&%o! an a(+ent#&o#s ha&ate&! ha( a)1ays 1%she( to $enet&ate the

&e'%ons east o0 the An(es2 In one o0 h%s &st e$e(%t%ons he &eahe( the

Y#n'o"a R%+e&! 1he&e he staye( %n a +%))a'e o0 $a'an Ay"a&a In(%ans! 1ho"

he a))e( Yo"o2 The&e he 1as +%s%te( 7y se+e&a) A"o o& Rahe {Moseten*

In(%ans 1ho as8e( h%" to 'o to the%& +%))a'es2 Fathe& F&an%so (e) Ro5 sa&%o

"ana'e( to e%te the #$%(%ty o0 Ben%to (e R%+e&a y .#%&o'a! an(! 1%th a $a&ty

o0 so)(%e&s! they ente&e( the )an( o0 the Moseten! 1he&e they 1e&e 1e))

&ee%+e(2 The so)(%e&s! (%sa$$o%nte( at not n(%n' the $&o"%se( 'o)( an( s%)+e&!

(ese&te(! 7#t the t1o "%ss%on5 a&%es an( a 0e1 S$an%a&(s s$ent the &a%ny

season %n a Moseten +%)5 )a'e $)ant%n' the &st see(s o0 Ch&%st%an%ty2 The

Moseten ha( 7een (e%"ate( 7y an e$%(e"%! $&o7a7)y o0 s"a))$o! an(

sho1e( the"5 se)+es 1e)) (%s$ose( to1a&( the "%ss%ona&%es 1ho"! %n the%&

"%se&y! they "#st ha+e &e'a&(e( as $otent%a) sa+%o&s2 The S$an%a&(s "a(e a

seon( t&%$ a&oss Moseten te&&%to&y (#&%n'

the 0o))o1%n' yea&! an( a&&%+e( at the U$at% ,Y$at%* R%+e&! 1he&e they 0o#n( the

&st Mo6o +%))a'es2 The S$an%a&(s t&%e( to &eah the Ben% R%+e& 1he&e! they ha(

7een to)(! they 1o#)( n( 'o)( an( s%)+e& 7#t a0te& se+e&a) 0&ays 1%th the Mo6o!

they &et&eate( to the )an( o0 the Rahe2 A 0e1 "onths )ate& Fathe& F&an%so (e)

Rosa&%o e$)o&e( the o#&se o0 the Cotaaas R%+e& an( 1%th R%+e&a y .#%&o'ana))y a&&%+e( on the 7an8 o0 the Ben% R%+e& nea& the "o#th o0 the So$%&e an(

Coan% R%+e&s2 The S$an%a&(s &a%(e( a +%))a'e o0 H#"#a In(%ans so"e1hat

a7o+e the 6#nt%on o0 the .#etoto an( Ben% R%+e&s ,that %s to say! the Santa

E)ena o& A)to5 "ah% R%+e&*2 One "o&e (%so#&a'e(! the so)(%e&s (ese&te( an(

.#%&o'a 'a+e #$ h%s (&ea" o0 on/#e&%n' the "o#nta%ns o0 s%)+e& an( 'o)(

1h%h the In(%ans ha( $e&s#a(e( h%" he 1as a7o#t to (%so+e&2 A sett)e"ent

1as 0o#n(e( %n the .#etoto +a))ey to se&+e as a 7ase 0o& the on/#est o0 E)


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Do&a(o2 Both the Moseten an( the Mo6o to)( the S$an%a&(s that they "a%n5

ta%ne( at%+e o""e&%a) &e)at%ons 1%th eah othe&! the 0o#n(at%on o0 1h%h

1as the sa)t $&o(#e( 7y the Moseten2 The Mo6o "e&5 hants not on)y

$#&hase( sa)t! 7#t a)so 7ea(s an( E#&o$ean 8n%+es 1h%h 1e&e $&o7a7)y

o7ta%ne( 0&o" the Ay"a&a2 The o""o(%t%es 7a&te&e( 7y the Mo6o 1e&e

$&o7a7)y otton )oth! B&a4%) n#ts! 0eathe&s! an(! %0 1e an 7e)%e+e the Moseten2!

s%)+e& o&na"ents2 It %s "o&e )%8e)y that the s%)+e& 1h%h the S$an%a&(s 0o#n( %n

the $ossess%on o0 the Moseten a"e 0&o" so"e Ay"a&a t&%7e esta75 )%she(

nea&7y2 Fathe& F&an%so (e) -osa&%o te))s #s that the In5

(%ans o0 the .#eto/#eto Va))ey 1e&e a)) e$e&t 'o)(s"%ths an( that the&e 1e&e

s"%th%es %n $&at%a))y e+e&y +%))a'e2 The o&e 1as o75 ta%ne( %n the 0o&" o0

stones 1h%h 1e&e o))ete( nea& the "%nes2 Too)s 1e&e "a(e o0 an a))oy o0

e/#a) $a&ts o0 s%)+e& an( o$$e&2 The "%ne&a)s 1e&e '&o#n( to'ethe& an(

s"e)te( o+e& a oa) &e! 7)o1n 1%th )on' t#7es2 These "eta) 1o&8%n' $eo$)e

1e&e the (%&et ne%'h7o&s o0 the Moseten23 7#t /#%te )%8e)y they a)so t&a(e(

1%th the Mo6o2 Th%s %s (o#7t)ess ho1 the Mo6o an( Moseten 'ot a)) the%& "eta)

an( so 1as 7o&n! $e&ha$s! the )e'en( o0 the E) Do&a(o %n 1h%h the Mo6o 1e&eso st&an'e)y on0#se( 1%th the Ina2 A '&eat "any Moseten s$o8e o&

#n(e&stoo( Ay"a&a! 'oo( e+%(ene o0 the %n#ene o0 An(ean #)t#&e on the

0o&est t&%7es2 The syste"at% on+e&s%on o0 the Moseten 1as not 7e'#n #nt%)

9?>! 1hen the M%ss%on o0 San M%'#e) (e M#hanes 1as 0o#n(e(2 Santa Ana

1as 0o#n(e( %n 9?9 an( Co+en(o %n 9?;2 The &st "%ss%ons %n the Gh%"an

o#nt&y 1e&e 0o#n(e( 7y Do"%n%ans at the en( o0 the e%'hteenth ent#&y! 7#t

1e&e (est&oye( 7y the In(%ans2 O0 the t1o F&an%san "%ss%ons esta7)%she( %n

th%s &e'%on %n 9?>! one ha( to 7e a7an(one( a0te& an e$%(e"% an( the othe&

a"e to an en( 1hen the "%ss%ona&y %n ha&'e 1as "#&(e&e(2 As a &es#)t o0

these )on' on5 tats 1%th E#&o$ean %+%)%4at%on! the onte"$o&a&y Moseten

ha+e

7een $&at%a))y ass%"%)ate( %nto the "est%4o $o$#)at%on o0 Bo)%+%a! 7#t the

Ch%"an2! 1ho &e"a%ne( "o&e %so)ate(! st%)) &eta%ne( "#h o0 the%& a7o&%'%na)

"o(e o0 )%0e @> yea&s a'o2 Fathe& F&an%so (e) Rosa&%o ,Me)en(e4! 9:?;! $2

?;;* $#ts at "o&e than 9!>>> the tota) n#"7e& o0 In(%ans )%+%n' %n the :

Moseten +%))a'es o0 1h%h he 8ne12 At the 7e'%nn%n' o0 the n%neteenth ent#&y!

"%ss%ona&%es est%"ate( that the&e 1e&e TOO Moseten 0a"%)%es2 DKO&7%'ny

,9?@=* $)ae( the $o$#)at%on &o#'h)y at ;!>> %n(%+%(#a)s2

F%0ty yea&s a'o! anothe& "%ss%ona&y state( that on)y 9;> 0a"%)%es &e"a%ne(2 In

9=9@! No&(ens8%o)( 0o#n( on)y 9; Moseten %n the M%ss%on o0 Co+en(o! 7#t

7e)%e+e( that the Ch%"an n#"7e&e( ;!>>>

to @!>>>2 In the &e'%on %nha7%te( to(ay 7y the Ch%"an In(%ans! es$e%a))y

7et1een San Bo&6a an( San I'na%o! the&e a&e &e"a%ns o0 )a&'e

ana)s! (%8es! an( &a%se( ea&th $)at0o&"s 7#%)t to (&a%n the +ast "a&shes an( to

on+e&t the" %nto e)(s2 These e)a7o&ate stt#&es 1e&e "a(e e%the& 7y a

)a&'e an( %n(#st&%o#s $o$#)at%on 1h%h $&e5 e(e( the Ch%"an o& e)se 7y the

o&%'%na) sto8 0&o" 1h%h the "o(e&n Ch%"an a&e (esen(e(2


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SUBSISTENCE Fa&"%n'2The Moseten 1e&e a)1ays 'oo( a'&%#)t#&a)%sts 7#t

1e&e not st&on')y attahe( to the so%)2 They 0&e/#ent)y han'e( the )oa5

t%on o0 the%& sett)e"ents o& s%"#)taneo#s)y e$)o%te( se+e&a) e)(s )oate( at

so"e (%stane 0&o" the%& sett)e"ents2 They &a%se( s1eet

"an%o! "a%4e! s1eet$otatoes! h#a)#sa {Co)oas%a es#)enta*3 $%ne5 a$$)es!$a$ayas! 'o#&(s! 1ate&"e)ons! s#'a&ane! #! an( $)ants &eent)y %nt&o(#e(

s#h as on%ons! &%e! an( a +e&y 'oo( /#a)%ty o0 oee2 They #)t%+ate( a )%tt)e

to7ao 7#t #se( %t on)y to 8%)) the

7o&o! the )a&+ae o0 an oest&%( y2 Ch%"an "en o$ene( )ea&%n's on the &%+e&

sho&e! 1h%h o#)( 7e &eahe( 7y the ann#a) oo(s2 Wo"en t%))e( the so%) 1%th

(%''%n' st%8s2 The "a%n &o$s 1e&e y#a! 7ananas! $ean#ts! &%e! a &ee$e&

a))e( 7%na! an( a 7%' t#7e& a))e( h%$a$a2 The Ch%"an a)so #)5

t%+ate( se+e&a) $)ants 0o& $#&$oses othe& than 0oo(! s#h as e%'ht +a&%et%es o0

&ee( 0o& a&&o1 sha0ts! &ee$e&s 0o& (''%n' sh! a)a5 7ash t&ees! 'o#&(s!

7a"7oo 0o& a&&o1 hea(s! otton! #! an( to7ao2 Gathe&%n' 1%)( 0oo(s23The 0o&ests ao&(e( $a)" 0%t an( 'a"e2 To )%"7 t&ees! Ch%"an "en #se(

7e& &%n's 0astene( a&o#n( the%&

0eet2 H#nt%n' an( 5sh%n'2H#nt%n' 1as (one 1%th 7o1s an( a&&o1s! sna&es!

an( t&a$s2 S$&%n' $o)e t&a$s 0o& &a77%ts ons%ste( o0 a n5 n%n' noose attahe(

to the en( o0 an e)ast% &o(2 The &o( 1as he)( %n a 7ent $os%t%on 7y "eans o0 a

t&%''e& $ass%n' #n(e& a s"a)) 1oo(en a&h $)ae( %n the "%(()e o0 an

en)os#&e2 WT%en the &a77%t n%77)e( at the 7a%t! %t &e)ease( the $o)e 1h%h

%$$e( #$ so that the an%"a) 1as a#'ht 7y the noose2 To 8%)) 6a'#a&s an( othe&

)a&'e "a""a)s the Moseten 7#%)t )a&'e 0a)) t&a$s! 1h%h a&e %))#st&ate( 7y

No&(en5 s8%o)( ,9=; 7! 's2 959?*2 A hea+y $)at0o&" o0 )o's o& 7&anhes

1e%'hte( 1%th &o8s 1as $)ae( at an a#te an')e an( &este( o+e& t1o s)ant%n'$o)es2 The sta7%)%ty o0 the s#$$o&t 1as se#&e( 7y a o&( attahe( to a t&%''e&

#n(e& a &oss57a&2 A ho&%4onta) st%8 "a%nta%ne( the t&%''e& %n $os%t%on2 I0 the

an%"a) to#he( th%s st%8! the o&( 1as &e)ease( an( the $)at0o&" 0e)) on h%"2

S"a))e& an%"a)s 1e&e a#'ht %n a t&a$ onstte( on the sa"e $&%n%$)e! 7#t

the &a%se( $)at0o&" 1as $&o$$e( 7y a s%n')e st%8 &est%n' o+e& a ho&%4onta) &o(

to 1h%h the 7a%t 1as attahe(2 F%sh%n' 1as e+en "o&e %"$o&tant than h#nt%n'

to the Ch%"an2 A)tho#'h 7oth the Moseten an( Ch%"an #s#a))y shot sh 1%th

a&&o1s! they a)so #se( hoo8s! nets! $o%son! an( 1e%&s2 -eent Ch%"an hoo8s

1e&e "a(e o0 7one s$)%nte&s2 To $o%son sh! the Ch%"an 7#%)t t1o 1e%&s o0 &ee(s

a7o#t 9> 0eet a$a&t a&oss a st&ea"! th&e1 a $o%sono#s &ee$e& %nto the

1ate&! an( shot the ha)05(''e( sh 1%th a&&o1s2 They a)so a#'ht sh %non%a) 7as8ets $)ae( %n the o$en%n's o0 a 1e%&2 When sh "%'&ate( to s$a1n!

the Moseten an( Ch%"an onstte( V5sha$e( 1e%&s! 1h%h (%+e&te( the"

to1a&(

s)ant%n' $)at0o&"s $)ae( #n(e& the 0a))s2 The&e they &e"a%ne( st&an(e( an(

(%e( %n '&eat /#ant%t%es2 The "%ss%on Moseten (&%e( sh %n the s#n an( sto&e(

the" a'a%nst any sho&ta'e o0 "eat2 Do"est%ate( an%"a)s2The Moseten


5/11

&ee%+e( "any hens! $%'s! '#%nea $%'s! an( (o's 0&o" the "%ss%ona&%es2 They

8e$t hens %n

on%a) h%8en ho#ses t%'ht)y )ose( to 8ee$ o#t +a"$%&e 7ats2 They 0e( (o's

7ananas 7#t ne+e& 'a+e the" 7ones 7ea#se th%s 1as tho#'ht to oen( 'a"e

an( "a8e %t e)#s%+e2 Foo( $&e$a&at%on2Foo( 1as $&e$a&e( 1%th the 0o))o1%n'

#ten5 s%)s Han("%))s o& "etates ons%st%n' o0 a stone '&%n(e& an( a 1oo(ens)a7 &etan'#)a& st&a%ne&s 1oo(en t&o#'hs 1oo(en s$oons $ots o0 s%"$)e

sha$es she))s 7o1)s "a(e o0 $a)" )ea0 "%(&%7s an(

&etan'#)a& 7a7&aots2 The Ch%"an "a(e sa)t 7y e+a$o&at%n' %n 7a&8 7#8ets

o& $ots the sa)ty 1ate& o0 a s$&%n' nea& the #$$e& Man%/#% R%+e&2 To t&ans5 $o&t

the sa)t! they 1&a$$e( %t %n 7anana )ea+es an( 7e&s!

HOUSES

A)tho#'h the Moseten an( Ch%"an ha( s"a)) h#ts o$en on 0o#& s%(es 1h%h

1e&e o7+%o#s)y a(a$te( 0&o" "est%4o (1e))%n's! the%&

te"$o&a&y she)te&s 1e&e! %n No&(ens8%o)(Ks o$%n%on! onstte( )%8e the%&

a7o&%'%na) ho#ses2 The )atte& 1e&e e%the& o$en she(s 1%th a 'a7)e( &oo0 o& a

'a7)e( &oo0 &est%n' (%&et)y on the '&o#n(2 The

Moseten a)so %"$&o+%se( she)te&s o0 )ea+es s#$$o&te( 7y th&ee +e&t%a)

$o)es2 Ch%"an sett)e"ents #s#a))y ha( 7#t 0e1 ho#ses an( e+en %so)ate( h#ts

ao""o(at%n' a s%n')e 0a"%)y 1e&e 0a%&)y o""on2 The In(%ans e$)a%ne( that

%t 1as neessa&y to )%+e %n s"a))! satte&e( sett)e"ents 7ea#se )a&'e

onent&at%ons o0 $eo$)e 1o#)( eha#st nat#&a) &eso#&es2 Moseten +%))a'es %n

the se+enteenth ent#&y ha( )a&'e! 1e))57#%)t ho#ses a&&an'e( %n a %&)e

a&o#n( a $)a4a %n 1h%h stoo( the "enKs

h#t o& o#n%) ha))! a))e( )asa ,Me)en(e4! 9:?;! +o)2 @! $2 ?;;*2 Both sees

0o&"e&)y s)e$t an( sat on "ats 7#t )ate& a(o$te( the $)at0o&" 7e(2 At n%'ht the

Ch%"an o+e&e( the"se)+es 1%th 7a&85 )oth 7)an8ets2 The Moseten esa$e(

"os/#%toes 7y 7#&y%n' the"5 se)+es %n the san(! the Ch%"an 7y han'%n' a

)a&'e $%ee o0 7a&8 )oth o+e& the"se)+es2 Ba7%es &este( %n s"a)) 7a&85)oth

&a()es s#s$en(e(

0&o" the &oo02 Coo8%n' 1as (one %n a s$e%a) h#t2

DRESS AND ADORNMENTS

Men an( 1o"en a"on' the Moseten 1o&e )on'! s)ee+e)ess otton t#n%sha&ate&%st% o0 the a&ea2 Fo&"e&)y! these 1e&e (ye( +%o)et!

1%th )a&'e &e( st&%$es on the 7o&(e&s2 Ba&85)oth sh%&ts! a)tho#'h one

o""on)y #se(! 1e&e &eent)y )%"%te( to h%)(&en2 A se+en5

teenth5ent#&y ao#nt states that a)tho#'h e+e&yone (&esse( %n sh%&ts! 1o"en

1o&e on)y a s%"$)e )o%n)oth at ho"e ,Me)en(e4! 9:?;*2 Mo(5 e&n Ch%"an 1ea&

otton sh%&ts! #n)ess they a&e 1o&8%n'! at 1h%h t%"e they 1ea& 7a&85)oth


6/11

sh%&ts2 A "anKs o#tt %n)#(e( a 7e)t (eo&ate( 1%th 'eo"et&%a) $atte&ns an(

en(%n' %n )on' 0&%n'es! an( a otton o&

7a&85)oth 7a'2 Ea&&%n's an( 0eathe& hea((&esses a&e &e$o&te( 7y DKO&7%'ny

,9?@=! +o)2 9! $2 @@* a"on' the an%ent Moseten2 Ch%"an 1o&e hea(5 (&esses

"a(e o0 the ta%) 0eathe&s o0 the Ost%no$s (e#"an#s 7%&(2 Wo"enKs ne8)aes

1e&e "a(e o0 the &e( 0%t o0 Cass%a 5st#)a h%)5 (&enKs 1e&e stn' 1%th"on8ey teeth! ooons! an( $%ees o0 7a&8 #t %nto h#"an sha$es2 The on)y

othe& o&na"ents 1e&e 1o+en

otton 7&ae)ets2 The an%ent Moseten "en 1o&e the%& ha%& %n a )on' 1&a$$e(

/#e#e that h#n' (o1n the 7a82 Ch%"an "en #t the%& ha%& sho&t 7#t 1o"en

a))o1e( the%&s to '&o1 0&ee)y2 Bo(y $a%nt%n' "#st ha+e 7een #no""on! as %t %s

"ent%one( on)y t1%ea 0e1 7)#e )%nes on the 0ae an( &e( s$ots o0 # on the

0o&ehea( an( hee8s2 %ees o0

7%&( s8%n an( t#0ts o0 0eathe&s attahe( to h%)(&enKs 'a&"ents 1e&e! )%8e those

s#s$en(e( 0&o" &a()es! "e&e a"#)ets2

TRANSORTATION

The Moseten na+%'ate( e)#s%+e)y on &a0ts! 1h%h 1e&e 7ette& a(a$te( than

anoes to the &a$%( st&ea"s o0 the%& o#nt&y2 Mo(e&n &a0ts 1e&e "a(e o0 se+en

)o's o0 $a)o 7a)sa! a +e&y )%'ht 1oo(! na%)e( to'ethe& 1%th honta s$%8es2 The

)on' ent&a) )o's 1e&e "a(e o0 t1o tn8s )a%( en( to en(2 So"e &a0ts 1e&e

$&o+%(e( 1%th a &a%se( $&o1 onstte( o0 7ent $%ees o0 1oo( attahe( to the

th&ee "%(()e )o's2 The Moseten o0ten 7#%)t a $)at0o&" on to$ o0 the &a0t to 8ee$

'oo(s (&y2 The &a%se( 7o1 an( $)at0o&" 1e&e %"$&o+e"ents on the $&%"%t%+e

&a0t %nt&o(#e( 1hen the Moseten 1e&e han()%n' "ost o0 the &%+e& t&a on the

#$$e& Ben% R%+e&2 The $a(()es ha( a )on' 7)a(e an( a $)a%n han()e 1h%h )a8e(

the 8no7 o& th 0o#n( on "ost $a(()es o0 t&o$%a) In(%ans2 In a((%t%on to the$a(()e! they

#se( )on' st%8s to $#nt2 The Ch%n%an a)so ha( &a0ts! 7#t "a(e etens%+e #se o0

(#'o#ts 0o& &%+e& 6o#&neys2 Stan(%n' on the at ste&n! a 7oat"an $#nte( h%s

&a0t 1%th )on' Gyne&%#" saha&o%(es ste"s! 7#t #se( a $a(()e to $ass &a$%(s2

At n%'ht they sta8e( the%& anoes to the san( 7y "eans

o0 a st%8 $asse( th&o#'h a ho)e %n the 7o12 Wo"en a&&%e( )oa(s %n nets o& %n

7as8ets s#s$en(e( on the%& 7a8s 7y a t#"$)%ne "en #se( a st&a$ a&oss the%&

hest2 H#nte&s 1e&e e$e&t %n 1ea+%n' te"$o&a&y 7as8ets o0 $a)" )ea+es %n

1h%h to 7&%n' ho"e the%& 'a"e2 L%8e the An(ean In(%ans! the Moseten a)1ays

1o&e a s"a)) otton 7a' s)#n' o+e& the sho#)(e&2 A +e&y s"a)) h%)( 1as a&&%e(

%n a otton 7a' on %ts "othe&Ks 7a82 An

o)(e& h%)( st&a(()e( the "othe&Ks )e0t h%$2

MANUFACTURES Ba&h )oth2Ba&8 )oth 1as "a(e 0&o" the th%8 7ast )aye& o0

the 7%7os% {F%#s s$2* t&ee an( o0 so"e othe& t&ees2 The In(%ans &st #t a $%ee

o0 1oo( ? to 9> %nhes ,;> to ;2 "2* %n (%a"ete& an( the (es%&e( )en'th2


7/11

They %n%se( the 7a&8 )on'%t#(%na))y 1%th a /#a&t4 s$)%nte& o& a sha&$ tooth! an(

then heate( the st#"$ #nt%) the (&y 7a&8 o#)( 7e &e"o+e( 1%th a s%n')e $#))2

The 7a&8 1as st&ethe( to se$a&ate the o#te& 7a&8 1%th %ts '&een )aye& 0&o" the

%nne& 7ast! 0&o" 1h%h a)) the 1h%t%sh 7e&s 1e&e s&athe(2 The 7ast 1as then

7eaten 1%th a '&oo+e( 1oo(en "a))et #nt%) %t 7ea"e

so0t2 Se+e&a) 7a&85)oth $%ees 1e&e se1n to'ethe& 1%th a 7one nee()e to "a8e7)an8ets! sh%&ts! an( "os/#%to nets2 Bas8et&y2Gh%"an s$e%"ens o))ete( 7y

No&(ens8%o)( %n)#(e 0e1 7as8ets! $&o7a7)y 7ea#se nets 1e&e "o&e o""on)y

#se(2 The Moseten "a(e "ats o0 )ea+es o& &ee(s #t %n st&%$s an( 1o+en

a&oss a &etan'#)a& &ee( 0&a"e2 Bas8ets 1o+en o0 "ota# $a)" )ea+es

%n)#(e( )a&'e 7as8ets 0o& t&ans$o&t%n' &o$s! an( s"a)) onta%ne&s that 1e&e

h#n' %n the h#ts to ho)( o((s an( en(s2 The Gh%"an sto&e( 0eathe&s an(

a"#)ets %n )on' &etan'#)a& 7oes 1%th o+e&)a$5 $%n' )%(s "a(e o0 Gyne&%#"

sta)8s 6o%ne( to'ethe& 1%th otton th&ea(s2 T1%))e( s%e+es 1e&e e%the&

&etan'#)a& o& &o#n(2 The&e 1e&e t1o ty$es o0 t&%an'#)a& &e 0ans! 1h%h

(%e&e( %n s#h st t#&a) (eta%)s as the (%stane to 1h%h the "ota# 0o))%)es1e&e 1o+en

to1a&( the 7ase2 Wea+%n'2S$%n()es ha( s"a))! &etan'#)a&! 1oo(en 1ho&)s2 A

1o"an sat on the '&o#n( 1%th o#tst&ethe( )e's an( st#8 the (%sta) en( o0 the

s$%n()e 7et1een he& )a&'e toe an( the net2 W%th he& &%'ht han(! she &o))e( the

s$%n()e to an( 0&o on a ho&%4onta) $%ee o0 1oo( o& on he& &%'ht th%'h! 1h%h

0o&e( he& to 7en( the )e0t )e'2 No&(ens8%o)( "ent%ons ,9=; 7! "a$ ;:* on)y

one ty$e o0 )oo"! a 0&a"e 1%th t1o ho&%4onta) 7a&s2 C)oth 1as $)a%te( &athe&

than 1o+en! an( 1as "a(e on)y 1%th 1a&$ e)e"ents2 A)tho#'h the $&oess %s

not (es&%7e(! %t $&o7a7)y &ese"7)e( that #se( %n the G#%anas 0o& 7a7y s)%n's

an( (es&%7e( %n (eta%) 7y Eoth ,9=;! $$2 >>599*2 Cotton th&ea(s 1e&e &st

1&a$$e( a&o#n( the t1o ho&%5 4onta) 7a&s o0 the )oo"2 Eah th&ea( 1as then&osse( o+e& the a(6o%n%n' th&ea( an( he)( %n $)ae 7y "esh st%8s2 Th%s 1as

&e$eate( #nt%) the ent%&e )oth ha( the a$$ea&ane o0 a (%a'ona) 1ea+e! 1hen

the st%8s 1e&e 1%th(&a1n an( one o& "o&e st&%n's n a&oss the ente&

7et1een the th&ea(s to $&e+ent the%& s)%$$%n' 7a8 to the%& o&%'%na) $os%t%on2

The $atte&ns on the 0a7&%s 1e&e o7ta%ne( 7y #s%n' th&ea(s o0 (%e&ent o)o&s2

V%o)et (ye 1as et&ate( 0&o" the )ea+es o0 the %(4% t&ee {Hae"#toy)on* ! an(

7&o1n 0&o" the 7a&8 o0

the 6%&a o& ao7a t&ee2 otte&y2Ch%"an 1o"en "a(e $ots 7y the o%)%n'

"etho(! #s%n' a "#sse) she)) as a s&a$e&2 A0te& 7e%n' &e(! the $ots 1e&e

s$&%n8)e(1%th 7anana5t&ee sa$! th#s a/#%&%n' a 7ea#t%0#) 7)a8 o)o&2 Too)s2The

Ch%"an 1e&e the on)y In(%ans o0 that a&ea 1ho #se( stone a(4es to #t t&ees2

The ha0t 1as a 0o&8e( )%"7! the )on'e& 7&anh 0o&"%n' the han()e an( the

sho&te& 7&anh the 7ase a'a%nst 1h%h the stone 7)a(e 1as )ashe(2 Bo&e&s an(

h%se)s 1e&e 7oa& t#s8s! $%&anha teeth! an( a'#t% %n5 %so&s attahe( to the en(

o0 a )on' honta st%82 Nett%n'2Nett%n' 1as "a(e 1%th &ee0 8nots2 Wea$ons2

Bo1s a7o#t : 0eet ,;"2* )on' 1e&e "a(e o0 honta $a)"2 The nat#&e o0 th%s


8/11

1oo( "a(e the &oss set%on o0 the 7o1 neessa&%)y &etan'#)a&! attene(! an(

s)%'ht)y on+e ete&na))y2 Sho#)(e&s 1e&e #t at eah en( o0 the 7o1 to ho)(

the +e'eta) 7e& st&%n'2 -ee( a&&o1 sha0ts 1e&e st&a%'htene( 7y heat%n'2

No&(en5 s8%o)( states ,9=; 7! $2 :5* that 0eathe&%n' 1as o0 the e+%an

e"ente( ty$e an( that the 0eathe&s sto$$e( so"e (%stane sho&t o0 the 7#tt

en(! as on Y#&a8a&e a&&o1s2 Ba)4anKs ,9?=;! $2 ;@* (e5 s&%$t%on! ho1e+e&!

%n(%ates that the Moseten a)so attahe( the%& 0eathe&s %n the easte&n B&a4%)%an

0ash%on! that %s! 7y )ay%n' the s$)%t /#%)) 1%th the 7a&7 tan'ent%a))y a'a%nst the

sha0t an( ty%n' on)y %ts

t1o et&e"%t%es2 Mon8eys an( s"a)) "a""a)s 1e&e 8%))e( 1%th a&&o1s t%$$e(

1%th )on' &o(s that 1e&e t&%an'#)a& %n &oss set%on an( ha( no 7a&7s )a&'e

"a""a)s 1e&e shot 1%th a&&o1s ha+%n' )aneo)ate 7a"7oo hea(s2 So"e 7%&(

a&&o1s en(e( %n a )a&'e! 7#)'%n' 1oo(en 8no7 othe&s 1e&e t%$$e( 7y t1o

ho&%4onta) st%8s attahe( $e&$en(%#)a& to the sha0t to 0o&" a &oss2 S#h

a&&o1s 1e&e o0ten (%$$e( %nto a Me&)%8e s#75 stane oa'#)ate( 1%th the sa$

o0 othe& $)ants2 The s%4e o0 the Me& hea( (e$en(e( on the s$e%es o0 7%&( to

7e h#nte(2 F%sh%n' a&&o1s )a8e( 0eathe&s an( 1e&e t%$$e( 1%th a )on' &o( 1%th$&o"%nent 7a&7s2

SOCIAL ORGANIATION

The Moseten! )%8e ne%'h7o&%n' t&%7es! 1e&e (%+%(e( %nto s"a))! %n5 (e$en(ent

#n%ts! eah ons%st%n' o0 one 0a"%)y o& "o&e2 A)tho#'h so"e sett)e"ents 1e&e

s%t#ate( &e)at%+e)y nea& one anothe&! eah 0a"%)y 8e$t +e&y "#h to %tse)02

Rosa&%o! ho1e+e&! a&e(%ts eah se+enteenth5ent#&y Moseten +%)5 )a'e 1%th a

h%e0! a))e( hono2 A h%e0Ks o&(e&s 1e&e t&ans"%tte( th&o#'h t1o a)a)(es!

1ho 1e&e e)ete( ann#a))y a0te& "e"7e&s o0 the o""#n%ty ha( 0aste( an(

o7se&+e( ont%nene2 Eah +%))a'e a)so ha( one o& t1o $e&sons (e)e'ate( to

ta8e ha&'e o0 +%s%to&s an( to &ee%+e the $&esents o0 to7ao 1h%h the )atte&1e&e o7)%'e( to 7&%n' to the h%e0! an( a s$e%a) a$$o%ntee ha&'e( 1%th

8ee$%n' the $)a4a )ean an( the '#ests s#$$)%e( 1%th 0#e) ,Me)en(e4! 9:?;*2

These 0eat#&es a&e so &e"%n%sent o0 Ay"a&a +%))a'es that they "#st e%the&

ha+e 7een %nt&o(#e( 7y the "%ss%ona&%es o& e)se o$%e( (%&et)y 0&o" the

Ay"a&a2

LIFE CYCLE

A $&e'nant CM"an 1o"an a+o%(e( eat%n' the esh o0 se+e&a) an%"a)s!

es$e%a))y ta$%&2 Ne157o&n 7a7%es 1e&e s"ea&e( 1%th 'en%$a2 G%&)s en6oye( a

$e&%o( o0 se#a) 0&ee(o" a0te& $#7e&ty 7#t "a&&%e( at a +e&y ea&)y a'e2 They

sho1e( the%& 1%))%n'ness to "a&&y a s#%to& 7y s%tt%n' nea& h%" on h%s "at2 A0te&a sho&t t&%a) "a&&%a'e the o#$)e "%'ht se$a&ate! 7#t the 7%&th o0 a h%)(

st&en'thene( the%& on6#'a) t%es2 A Ch%"an "an 1as $&%+%)e'e( to "a&&y t1o o&

"o&e 1o"en on)y %0 he 1e&e a$a7)e o0 s#$$o&t%n' the"2 The (ea( 1e&e 7#&%e(

%n sha))o1 '&a+es a sho&t (%stane 0&o" the%& h#ts! 1h%h! 1%th the%&

$ossess%ons! 1e&e (est&oye(2 Mo#&ne&s oa5 s%ona))y s"ea&e( the%& hee8s

1%th ashes2


9/11

RELIGION

The on)y %n0o&"at%on on Moseten &e)%'%on 7e0o&e the %nt&o(#t%on o0 Ch&%st%an%ty

%s Fathe& F&an%so (e) Eosa&%oKs state"ent ,Me)en5(e4! 9:?;! +o)2 @! $2 ?;9*;

3333 363e "" 'o( 1as a))e( A$#! a .#eh#a 1o&( "ean%n'


10/11

on)y to 7e (ee%+e( a'a%n 7y a sha"an 1ho $%ns h%" to the '&o#n(2 Wh%)e

1&%'')%n' to 0&ee h%"se)0! he sha8es the ea&th an( a#ses ea&th/#a8es2 He then

asse&ts h%s $o1e& 7y &eat%n' an eno&"o#s 7as8et 0#)) o0 1ate&2 He sen(s h%s

ene"y! the sha"an! an( othe& "en to +a&%o#s $a&ts o0 the 1o&)( 1%th 7as8ets

o0 1ate& to &eate &%+e&s2 E+en no1! th#n(e& an( sto&"s a&e #n)eashe( 7y

Doh%tt! 1ho o&(e&s the sha"an

to s$%)) 1ate& on the ea&th2 Doh%tt! %n the &o)e o0 a te In(%an #)t#&e he&o!

ho1e+e&! 7esto1e( a'&%#)t#&e on "an8%n(2 A "yth%a) 7e%n'! Sonyo! 0o))o1e(

Doh%ttKs t&a%) an( (%so+e&e( e)(s o0 "a%4e! y#a! an( othe& $)ants 1he&e+e&

he sto$$e( to %n/#%&e a7o#t Doh%ttKs 1he&ea7o#ts2

MYTHOLOGY AND LITERATURE The 0o%) o0 the shy2The s8y one 0e)) #$on the

ea&th! 7#t 1as &esto&e( to %ts 0o&"e& $os%t%on 7y a se&$ent 1ho 1o#n( h%"se)0

a&o#n( the s8y an( ea&th2 He ont%n#es to 8ee$ the" a$a&t to(ay2 The 5oo(2

A "an se(#e( a '%&) 1h%)e she 1as 7ath%n' %n a &%+e&2 She 7ea"e $&e'nant

an( 7o&e a h%)( 1%th )on' ha%&2 The 0athe& 1ante( h%s h%)( 7#t o#)( not n(

h%"2 Beo"%n' an'&y! he a#se( the &%+e&s to oo( the o#nt&y2 On)y a 0e1"en on to$ o0 a "o#nta%n

1e&e sa+e(2 The M%)8y Way2The M%)8y Way %s a h#'e 1o&"2 One 1hen %t 1as

a s"a)) 1o&"! %t 1as $%8e( #$ 7y a "an 1ho 1ante( a $et2 The "an ha( to

0ee( %t hea&ts! &st o0 an%"a)s! then o0 "en2 When the 1o&"Ks ste$0athe& 1as

8%))e( 7y +en'e0#) $eo$)e! the 1o&" (e5 st&oye( the" a)) an( 1ent #$ to the

s8y2 The sta&s o0 the M%)8y Way a&e a&&o1s 1h%h "en shot at the 1o&" 1hen

he 1o#n( h%"se)0 a&o#n( the%& +%))a'e2 Ra%n7o12The &a%n7o1 1as a h%)( 7o&n

o0 a 1o"an 1ho )%+e( 1%th a 1ate& "an2 Whene+e& the h%)( &%e( he a/#%&e(

se+e&a)

o)o&s an( sto$$e( the &a%n2 The othe& ta)es 'athe&e( 7y No&(ens8%o)( ha+e noonnet%on 1%th os"o)o'y they a&e "e&e)y sto&%es %n 1h%h "onst&o#s 7e%n's

o& s$%&%ts $)ay a )ea(%n' $a&t2 Fo& %nstane! a "an 1as s1a))o1e( 7y a se&$ent

an( esa$e( 7y #tt%n' %ts hea&t2 A "an 1as 8%))e( 7y a h#'e se&$ent! 7#t 1as

a+en'e( 7y h%s yo#n'e& son 1ho! t&ans0o&"e( %nto an ea')e! $%)e( #$ 0o#&

&o8s as 7%' as "o#nta%ns an( 8%))e( the se&$ent on to$ o0 the"2 A 1o"an

"a&&%e( a 6a'#a& 1ho at &st 1as 8%n( to he& &e)at%+es 7#t )ate& 1ante( to eat

the"2 The 6a'#a&! %n5 (#e( 7y (ee%t to )%"7 a t&ee! 1as 8%))e(2 Men $)#8%n'

h%"a 0%ts 1e&e $#&s#e( 7y a 0e&o%o#s 6a'#a&! 1ho 1as none othe& than the

s$%&%t o0 the h%"a t&ee! 1h%h (oes not )%8e $eo$)e to eat h%s

0%t 7e0o&e %t %s &%$e2

ESTHETIC AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES Ga"es2L%tt)e Ch%"an '%&)s $)aye(

1%th 1oo(en (o))s a&+e( o0 )%'ht o&(%a 1oo( 7oys! 1%th toy anoes an(

#tens%)s2 Ch%)(&en $&o5 (#e( a +a&%ety o0 no%ses 1%th "%n%at#&e 'o#&( &att)es!

7#445(%s8s! an( ho"e"a(e $%n51hee)s! an(! )%8e "ost In(%ans o0 the &e'%on!

$)aye( 1%th sh#tt)eo8s "a(e o0 "a%4e )ea+es2

M#s%a) %nst"ents


11/11

2

The on)y Ch%"an "#s%a) %nst"ent %))#s5 t&ate( %n the )%te&at#&e %s a /#ena

o& nothe( #te "a(e o0 a (ee&

"etata&s#s ,We'ne&! 9=@ a! $%2 ;! '2 9*2 Na&ot%s2The Ch%"an 1e&e 0on(

o0 he1%n' to7ao an( a&&%e( the%& /#%(s 7eh%n( the%& ea&s2 Bee& 1as 7&e1e(o0 "a%4e! "an%o! an( 7ananas2

REFERENCES

Ba)4an ,9?=;! $$2 ;@;5;:9*! B%7o)ott% ,9=9*! Bo)%+a& ,9=>:! $2 ;9?*! Ca&(t%s

,9??:! $$2 ;?=5;=>*! (e) Rosa&%o {%n Me)en(e4! 9:?;! +o)2 @! $$2 ?95?*!

Heath ,9??@*! He&&e&o ,9?@*! In0o&"a%ones hehas $o& e) Ca$%tan F&an%so

(e An5 'e)o {%n Ma#&t#a! 9=>:! +o)2 =! $$2 SP359>*! La0one .ae+e(o ,9=>9*!

MoU%ne(o {%n Ma#&t#a! 9=>:! $ass%"*! No&(ens8%o)( ,9=;a! $$2 =59:

9=;7! $ass%"*! DKO&7%'ny ,9?@=! +o)2 9! $$2 @:=5@@*! Roth ,9=;*! We((e))

,9?@! $2 :*! We'5

ne& ,9=@9 9=@ a! $$2 :5:@*2

Documents

The Native Tribes of Eastern Bolivia and Western Matto Grosso