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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Bell Work
Go to page 137-8 in the small A&P book.
Draw figure 8-1.
Define:
Neuroglia and neuron
Afferent neurons (sensory)
Efferent neurons (motor)
Associate or interneurons
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system2
STANDARDS
20) Differentiate between the central nervous system and
the peripheral nervous system, detailing the anatomy of
each system, important functions, differences between
afferent, efferent, and associative neurons, and the
different categories of nervous cells and tissue.
22) Describe the location, structures, and primary
functions of the anatomical parts of the central nervous
system. Explain the importance of cerebral spinal fluid and
its connection to circulation, the phenomenon of the blood-
brain barrier within the brain, and white and gray matter in
the brain.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system3
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system4
OBJECTIVES
IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system5
Structures of the nervous system
Overall function of the nervous
system
Communication and coordination
system of the body
Monitors body’s conditions and takes
corrective action – to maintain
homeostasis
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system6
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system 7
Cellular structures of the nervous
systemNeuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuron
Dendrites -receive information
from the environment, contain nerve
cell processes that carry impulse to
cell body
Axon (one) – generates and
sends signals to other cells, carries
impulse away from cell body
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Cellular structures of the nervous
system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Myelin sheath - a
special covering of the
axon
Synapse – the space
between neurons
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nervous system9
Structures of the nervous system
Central nervous
system
Brain
Spinal cord
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nervous system10
Structures of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous
system
Nerves
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Sensory receptors
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nervous system11
Structures of the
central nervous system:
BRAIN
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nervous system12
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebrum
Divided into two hemispheres (right and left)
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Functions of Cerebral Lobes
Frontal – motor activities, conscious
thought, speech, memory
Parietal- body sense perception, primary
taste, and speech
Occipital – vision
Temporal – hearing, taste, language
comprehension, integration of emotion
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nervous system13
Cerebrum
Largest part of brain
Divided into right and left hemispheres by
longitudinal fissure and divided from cerebellum
by transverse fissure
Surface is not smooth, but broken by ridges, gyri
and grooves, sulci
Convolutions –elevated folds, increase surface
area of the brain, more space
Lobes named for skull bones that cover them3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system14
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebellum Posterior to cerebrum
Surface is convoluted like that of
cerebrum
Involved in sensory collection,
motor coordination, and balance
Composed of two hemispheres
Controls all body function related
to skeletal muscles– balance &
posture, muscle tone,
coordination of muscle
movements
Fine tunes voluntary skeletal
muscle activity3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system15
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system16
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN Diencephalon
Located between the
cerebrum and the
midbrain
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland
What system are
these also a part of?
Corpus Callosum Collection of neurons
(white matter) that
connects left and right
hemispheres
Connection allows for
cross-communication
between right and left
sides of brain
Contra lateral-control
opposite sides of body
Many day-to-day
activities, like walking or
driving, require both sides
of body, and therefore both
sides of brain, to be well
coordinated 3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system17
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system18
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Brain stem- Stalk-like structure inferior to,
and partially covered by,
cerebrum
Pathway for ascending and
descending tracts from spinal
cord to cerebrum
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Structure and Function of the
Brain Stem…
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nervous system19
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system20
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Meninges
Dura mater
Outermost
layer
Arachnoid
Middle layer
Pia mater
Innermost
layer
Meninges
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system21
Dura mater -outer layer lines the inside of the skull, tough dense fibrous connective tissue
Arachnoid mater- middle layer, is wispy delicate layer resembling spider web composed of collagen and elastic fibers acting as shock absorber, and transporting dissolved gases and nutrients as well as chemical messengers and waste products to CSF
Pia mater- innermost layer, contains blood vessels that serve brain and spinal cord
Meninges spaces
Subdural - space between dura and
arachnoid space
Subarachnoid space-between arachnoid and
pia mater
Epidural space- in spinal cord area of fluid
and blood vessels ( used in anesthesia)
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system22
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system23
Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Ventricles - lined cavities
deep within the brain
filled with cerebrospinal
fluid
Choroid plexus – rich
network of blood vessels
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nervous system24
Structures of the
central nervous system:
Spinal Cord Surrounded by the
vertebrae, meninges, and
cerebrospinal fluid
Conduction pathway for
the brain and the rest of
the body
Reflex center
Activity
Create a layered model of the brain.
Include all of the parts of the cerebrum,
cerebellum, and brain stem.
Include the parts of the diencephalon.
Label each and include a brief function of each
(this may be on the back if you do not have
enough room).
Include graphics if you can to help remember the
function (for example: occipital lobe- eye glasses
to represent vision).
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nervous system25
Day 2 Bell Work
Research what the
blood brain barrier is
using your book or
technology.
Copy the following
diagram. You will be
expected to know this.
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nervous system26
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system27
Structures of the nervous system
Standard
23) Describe the location, structures, and
primary functions of the anatomical parts of
the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Differentiate between the structures and
functions of the cranial nerves, spinal
nerves, sympathetic nerves, and
parasympathetic nerves. Determine how the
phenomenon of biofeedback relates to the
structures of the PNS. 3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system28
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system29
OBJECTIVES
IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Brain Dominance Test!!
Go to the website and click the brain
dominance. Answer the questions and write
down a summary of the information at the
end!
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system30
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system31
Structures of the
central nervous system:
Spinal Cord
Peripheral
nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
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Structures of the
central nervous system I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
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nervous system33
Structures of the
central nervous system
Peripheral
nervous system
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
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nervous system34
Structures of the
central nervous
system
Peripheral
nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of nervous
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nervous system35
Structures of the
central nervous system
Motor system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
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nervous system36
Structures of the
central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
(Involuntary)
Sympathetic nervous system Extends from the base
of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column
These nerves connect to all internal organs
Parasympathetic nervous system The vagus nerve
connects the medulla with organs of the upper body
The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body
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nervous system37
Structures of the
central nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system38
Structures of the
central nervous system
Somatic nervous system
(Voluntary)
These nerves are located along the spinal cord.
Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system39
Structures of the nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the
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With a partner…
Practice assessing the cranial nerves with your
partner!!!
Highlight the most important information on your
worksheets. Then follow the instructions to
assess your partner!
Additional Activities
“She’s a real brain” worksheet
Complete questions from the book on pages
155-56 (Review and Matching)
You may also color in your brain diagram I
gave you.
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system41
