The New DealThe New Deal

How would you begin to revive the How would you begin to revive the economy?economy?

Examine the IssuesExamine the Issues

How can the government help failing How can the government help failing industries?industries?

What can be done to ease What can be done to ease unemployment?unemployment?

What would you do to restore public What would you do to restore public confidence and economic security?confidence and economic security?

How would you get money to pay for your How would you get money to pay for your proposed recovery programs?proposed recovery programs?

A New Deal Fights the DepressionA New Deal Fights the Depression

Main IdeaMain IdeaAfter becoming president, Franklin Delano After becoming president, Franklin Delano

Roosevelt used government programs to Roosevelt used government programs to combat the Depression.combat the Depression.Why it Matters TodayWhy it Matters Today

Americans still benefit from programs begun Americans still benefit from programs begun in the New Deal, such as bank and stock in the New Deal, such as bank and stock market regulations and the Tennessee market regulations and the Tennessee

Valley Authority.Valley Authority.

Americans Get a New DealAmericans Get a New Deal

The 1932 Presidential election showed that The 1932 Presidential election showed that Americans were clearly ready for a change.Americans were clearly ready for a change.

Electing Franklin D. RooseveltElecting Franklin D. Roosevelt FDR-DemocratFDR-Democrat ““Can-do” attitudeCan-do” attitude

Waiting for Roosevelt to Take OverWaiting for Roosevelt to Take Over 4 mos. Between Nov. and inauguration in Jan.4 mos. Between Nov. and inauguration in Jan. During this time he picked advisors-professors, During this time he picked advisors-professors,

lawyers, and journalists-”Brain Trust”lawyers, and journalists-”Brain Trust” Designed to help with the Depression-Designed to help with the Depression-”New Deal””New Deal” New Deal focused on 3 goals:New Deal focused on 3 goals:

Relief for the needyRelief for the needy Economic recoveryEconomic recovery Financial ReformFinancial Reform

The Hundred DaysThe Hundred Days On taking office, the On taking office, the

Roosevelt administration Roosevelt administration launched a period of intense launched a period of intense activity, known as the activity, known as the Hundred Days.Hundred Days.

Congress passed more than Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of New Deal 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation.legislation.

Hundred DaysMar.9-June 16,1933

Banking &Finance

Bank Holiday-Mar.5Emergency Relief Act

Fireside ChatsFireside Chats

Roosevelt had radio Roosevelt had radio talks about issues of talks about issues of public concern, public concern, explaining in clear, explaining in clear, simple language his simple language his New Deal measures.New Deal measures.

He explained the He explained the baking system to baking system to listeners.listeners.

Wanted people to trust Wanted people to trust the banks.the banks.

Regulating Banking and FinanceRegulating Banking and Finance

RegulatingBanking & Finance

Glass-Steagall Act Federal Securities Act

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp(FDIC)

Provide Info about stock offerings

1934- Securities & Exchange Commission 1934- Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)(SEC) Regulate the stock marketRegulate the stock market

Helping the American PeopleHelping the American People

Roosevelt’s administration implemented programs to Roosevelt’s administration implemented programs to provide relief to farmers and aid other workers and provide relief to farmers and aid other workers and stimulate the economy.stimulate the economy.

Helping Americans

Agricultural Adjustment Act(AAA)

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Civilian Conservation Corps(CCC)

Public Works Admin.(PWA)National Industrial Recovery Act

(NIRA)

Food, Clothing, & ShelterFood, Clothing, & Shelter

Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) Loans to homeownersLoans to homeowners

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Loans for home mortgages & repairsLoans for home mortgages & repairs

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) Direct relief for the needyDirect relief for the needy

The New Deal Comes Under AttackThe New Deal Comes Under Attack

Pres. Roosevelt agreed to a policy of Pres. Roosevelt agreed to a policy of deficit spending-deficit spending-spending more money than the government receives in spending more money than the government receives in revenue.revenue.

Liberal critics argued that the New Deal didn’t go far Liberal critics argued that the New Deal didn’t go far enough to help the poor & reform the nation’s economic enough to help the poor & reform the nation’s economic system.system.

Conservative critics argued that he spent too much on Conservative critics argued that he spent too much on direct relief.direct relief.

Supreme Court ReactsSupreme Court Reacts NIRA was unconstitutional- ruled that is gave too much control to NIRA was unconstitutional- ruled that is gave too much control to

the executive branch in regulating industry.the executive branch in regulating industry. AAA- agriculture was a local matter.AAA- agriculture was a local matter. Roosevelt- “Court Packing”Roosevelt- “Court Packing”

Three Fiery CriticsThree Fiery Critics

Father Charles Coughlin

Francis Townsend

Huey P. Long

A New Deal Fights the DepressionA New Deal Fights the DepressionReviewReview

How did Roosevelt change the role of the federal How did Roosevelt change the role of the federal government during his first hundred days?government during his first hundred days? FDR expanded the role of the government through FDR expanded the role of the government through

programs designed to restore public confidence and programs designed to restore public confidence and provide jobs.provide jobs.

Summarize the reasons why some people Summarize the reasons why some people opposed the New Deal.opposed the New Deal. Some said the New Deal gave government too much Some said the New Deal gave government too much

power. Others argued it didn’t provide enough aid.power. Others argued it didn’t provide enough aid.

The Second New Deal Takes HoldThe Second New Deal Takes Hold

Main IdeaMain Idea

The Second New Deal included new The Second New Deal included new programs to extend federal aid and programs to extend federal aid and

stimulate the nation’s economy.stimulate the nation’s economy.

Why it Matters TodayWhy it Matters Today

Second New Deal programs continue to Second New Deal programs continue to assist homebuyers, farmers, workers, and assist homebuyers, farmers, workers, and

the elderly in the 2000’sthe elderly in the 2000’s

The Second Hundred DaysThe Second Hundred Days

By 1935, the Roosevelt administration was seeking ways By 1935, the Roosevelt administration was seeking ways to build on the programs established during the hundred to build on the programs established during the hundred days.days.

Unemployment remained high despite government work Unemployment remained high despite government work programs, and production still lagged behind the levels programs, and production still lagged behind the levels of the 1920’s.of the 1920’s.

During the second New Deal, Roosevelt called on During the second New Deal, Roosevelt called on Congress to provide more relief for both farmers and Congress to provide more relief for both farmers and workers.workers.

Eleanor Roosevelt-Eleanor Roosevelt-pushed her husband to appoint pushed her husband to appoint women to government positions.women to government positions.

FDR- Re-elected in 1936.FDR- Re-elected in 1936.

Helping FarmersHelping Farmers

In the mid-1930’s, two of every five farms in the In the mid-1930’s, two of every five farms in the U.S. were mortgaged, and thousands of small U.S. were mortgaged, and thousands of small farmers lost their farms.farmers lost their farms.

Aid to Farmers

Soil Conservation &Domestic Allotment Act

Farm Security Administration

Cut productionOf depleting crops

Rewarded them forPracticing good

Conservation methods

Loaned money to tenant farmers

Established camps for Migrant workers

Roosevelt Extends ReliefRoosevelt Extends Relief

As part of the Second New Deal, the Roosevelt As part of the Second New Deal, the Roosevelt administration and Congress set up a series of programs administration and Congress set up a series of programs to help youths, professionals, and other workers.to help youths, professionals, and other workers.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)- headed by Harry Works Progress Administration (WPA)- headed by Harry Hopkins.Hopkins.

1935-1943- WPA spent $11 billion to give jobs to 8 1935-1943- WPA spent $11 billion to give jobs to 8 million workers.million workers. They built airports, roads, & public buildings.They built airports, roads, & public buildings. People painted murals on walls of schoolsPeople painted murals on walls of schools

National Youth Administration (NYA)National Youth Administration (NYA) Provided education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young Provided education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young

people.people.

Improving Labor and Other Improving Labor and Other ReformsReforms

RuralElectrification

Act

SocialSecurity

Act

WagnerAct

(NLRB)

LaborRelations

The Second New Deal Takes HoldThe Second New Deal Takes HoldReviewReview

In what ways did the New Deal programs In what ways did the New Deal programs extended federal aid?extended federal aid? The New Deal offered aid through programs, The New Deal offered aid through programs,

such as the WPA, NYA, FSA, and Social such as the WPA, NYA, FSA, and Social Security. These programs offered jobs, loans, Security. These programs offered jobs, loans, and aid to those in need.and aid to those in need.

How did the Wagner Act help working How did the Wagner Act help working people?people? The Wagner Act supported the right of The Wagner Act supported the right of

workers to unionize.workers to unionize.

The New Deal Affects Many The New Deal Affects Many GroupsGroups

Main ideaMain idea

New Deal policies and actions affected New Deal policies and actions affected various social and ethnic groups.various social and ethnic groups.

Why it Matters TodayWhy it Matters Today

The New Deal made a lasting impact on The New Deal made a lasting impact on increasing the government’s role in the increasing the government’s role in the

struggle for equal rights.struggle for equal rights.

The New Deal Brings New The New Deal Brings New OpportunitiesOpportunities

In some ways, the New Deal In some ways, the New Deal represented an important represented an important opportunity for minorities and opportunity for minorities and women, but they were limited.women, but they were limited.

Women Make Their MarkWomen Make Their Mark Women are named to gov. Women are named to gov.

positionspositions Frances Perkins-Frances Perkins- 1 1stst female female

cabinet member.cabinet member.

African-American ActivismAfrican-American Activism A. Phillip Randolph-A. Phillip Randolph- organized the organized the

country’s first all-black trade union. The country’s first all-black trade union. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.

African AmericanActivism

Mary McLeod Bethune President Fails to Support

Negro AffairsOf the National Youth

Administration“Black Cabinet”

Refused to approve anAnti-lynching law

New Deal programsdiscriminated

Mexican-American & Native Mexican-American & Native AmericansAmericans

Many Mexican-American tended to support the Many Mexican-American tended to support the New Deal, even though they received fewer New Deal, even though they received fewer benefits than African-Americans.benefits than African-Americans.

Many found work on farms in the southwest.Many found work on farms in the southwest. Native Americans received strong government Native Americans received strong government

support from the New Deal.support from the New Deal. Received full citizenshipReceived full citizenship John Collier-head on Indian affairsJohn Collier-head on Indian affairs

Indian Reorganization Act (1934)Indian Reorganization Act (1934)

Political Cultural

Economic

ChangesIn

3 Areas

FDR Creates the New Deal FDR Creates the New Deal CoalitionCoalition

One of FDR’s greatest achievements was to One of FDR’s greatest achievements was to create the create the New Deal coalitionNew Deal coalition.. An alignment of diverse groups dedicated to An alignment of diverse groups dedicated to

supporting the Democratic Party.supporting the Democratic Party.

New DealCoalition

Labor Unions Flourish Labor Disputes

1933-1941- Union membershipGrew 3 mil to 10 mil

Committee of Industrial Organization(CIO)

Sit-downsRepublic Steel Plant in Chicago-1937

New Deal Affects Many GroupsNew Deal Affects Many GroupsReviewReview

Summarize the impact the New Deal had Summarize the impact the New Deal had on various ethnic groups.on various ethnic groups. FDR failed to support civil rights for African FDR failed to support civil rights for African

Americans. Mexican Americans worked for Americans. Mexican Americans worked for low wages. Native Americans benefited from low wages. Native Americans benefited from the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.

Why did many urban voters support Why did many urban voters support Roosevelt and the Democratic Party?Roosevelt and the Democratic Party? The Democrats supported labor legislation The Democrats supported labor legislation

and programs that helped the urban poor.and programs that helped the urban poor.

Culture in the 1930’sCulture in the 1930’s

Main IdeaMain Idea

Motion pictures, radio, art, ad literature Motion pictures, radio, art, ad literature blossomed during the New Deal.blossomed during the New Deal.

Why it Matters TodayWhy it Matters Today

The films, music, art, and literature of the The films, music, art, and literature of the 1930’s still captivate today’s public.1930’s still captivate today’s public.

The Lure of Motion Pictures & The Lure of Motion Pictures & RadioRadio

Although the 1930’s were a difficult time for Although the 1930’s were a difficult time for many Americans, it was a profitable and golden many Americans, it was a profitable and golden age for the motion-picture and radio industries.age for the motion-picture and radio industries.

Motion Pictures&

Radio

Movies Radio

Gone with the WindWizard of Oz

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

Orson Wells“The War of the Worlds”

The Arts in Depression AmericaThe Arts in Depression America

In contrast to many radio and movie productions of the In contrast to many radio and movie productions of the 1930’s, much of the art, music, and literature of the time 1930’s, much of the art, music, and literature of the time was sober and serious.was sober and serious.

The Arts

Artists Decorate America Woody Guthrie Diverse Writers

Federal Art ProjectDiego Rivera

Grant Wood(Am. Gothic)

Songs about the Depression

Federal Writers’ ProjectRichard WrightJohn Steinbeck

The Grapes of Wrath

Culture of the 1930’sCulture of the 1930’sReviewReview

What purpose did movies and radio serve What purpose did movies and radio serve during the Great Depression?during the Great Depression? Movies and radio gave Americans a pleasant Movies and radio gave Americans a pleasant

escape from the reality of the Depression.escape from the reality of the Depression.

Explain how the New Deal programs Explain how the New Deal programs supported artists and writers in the 1930’s.supported artists and writers in the 1930’s. The programs funded artists and writers to The programs funded artists and writers to

produce works of art.produce works of art.

The Impact of the New DealThe Impact of the New Deal

Main IdeaMain Idea

The New Deal affected American society not The New Deal affected American society not only in the 1930’s but also in the decades only in the 1930’s but also in the decades

that followed.that followed.

Why it Matters TodayWhy it Matters Today

Americans still debate over how large a role Americans still debate over how large a role government should play in American life.government should play in American life.

New Deal Reforms EndureNew Deal Reforms Endure By 1937, the economy had improved enough to By 1937, the economy had improved enough to

convince many Americans that the Depression convince many Americans that the Depression was finally ending.was finally ending.

FDR begins to scale back New Deal programs.FDR begins to scale back New Deal programs. Supporters & Critics of the New DealSupporters & Critics of the New Deal

ConservativesConservatives- federal gov. too large/too powerful- federal gov. too large/too powerful LiberalsLiberals- Roosevelt didn’t do enough- Roosevelt didn’t do enough SupportersSupporters- believe he had a reasonable balance - believe he had a reasonable balance

between-unregulated capitalism and overregulated between-unregulated capitalism and overregulated socialism.socialism.

Expanding Government’s Role in the Expanding Government’s Role in the EconomyEconomy Federal Gov. had a larger role-particularly the Federal Gov. had a larger role-particularly the

President.President. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

New Deal Reforms Endure-Cont’New Deal Reforms Endure-Cont’

Protecting Workers’ RightsProtecting Workers’ Rights National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Banking & FinanceBanking & Finance SEC- oversees the stock marketSEC- oversees the stock market FDIC- insures people’s money is protected FDIC- insures people’s money is protected

against loss.against loss.

Social & Environmental EffectsSocial & Environmental Effects New Deal economic and financial reforms, New Deal economic and financial reforms,

including the creation of the FDIC, SEC, and including the creation of the FDIC, SEC, and Social Security, have helped to stabilize the Social Security, have helped to stabilize the nation’s finances and economy.nation’s finances and economy.

Social &Environmental Effects

Social Security Rural Scene Environment

Old-age insuranceAid to the disabled

Families w/dependents

Commodity Credit Corp.Parity Price

Civilian Conservation Corp.Tennessee Valley Authority

(TVA)

The Impact of the New DealThe Impact of the New DealReviewReview

List five New Deal agencies that are still in place List five New Deal agencies that are still in place today.today. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC),

Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC), National Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC), National Labor Relations Board(NLRB), Social Security, and Labor Relations Board(NLRB), Social Security, and Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA).Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA).

What benefits did the Tennessee Valley What benefits did the Tennessee Valley Authority provide? What negative impact did it Authority provide? What negative impact did it have?have? Provided flood control, hydroelectric power, Provided flood control, hydroelectric power,

conservation, recreational facilities; coal burning conservation, recreational facilities; coal burning caused environmental pollution.caused environmental pollution.