The New DealThe New Deal

"If, with all the advantages I've had, I "If, with all the advantages I've had, I can't make a living, I'm just no good, I can't make a living, I'm just no good, I

guess."guess."38– An unemployed Texas schoolteacher, – An unemployed Texas schoolteacher,

1933 1933

Franklin Delano RooseveltFranklin Delano RooseveltGov. of New YorkGov. of New YorkReformerReformerBeat Hoover badly Beat Hoover badly Democrats in powerDemocrats in powerSound Familiar?Sound Familiar?

Quick to ActionQuick to Action““Brain Trust” creates policiesBrain Trust” creates policies

New DealNew DealRelief for needyRelief for needyEconomic recoveryEconomic recoveryFinancial reformFinancial reform

Hundred DaysHundred Days100 days-15 major pieces of 100 days-15 major pieces of

legislationlegislation

Expands federal role in economyExpands federal role in economy

Bank holiday-checks out banks-Bank holiday-checks out banks-closes bad onescloses bad ones

Fireside ChatsFireside Chats Radio showRadio show Public concernsPublic concerns Speaks plainlySpeaks plainly

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXY7TkrPPzI

Attacks on New DealAttacks on New DealDeficit Spending=bad-government Deficit Spending=bad-government

going too far into debtgoing too far into debt

Interfered with free marketInterfered with free market

Liberals and Conservatives madLiberals and Conservatives mad

Supreme Court RulingsSupreme Court RulingsRuled two programs of New Deal Ruled two programs of New Deal

unconstitutionalunconstitutionalFDR responds by trying to appoint six FDR responds by trying to appoint six

new judgesnew judgesCongress UpsetCongress Upset

CriticsCritics Fr. Coughlin-wanted guaranteed annual Fr. Coughlin-wanted guaranteed annual

income, nationalized banksincome, nationalized banks Dr. Townsend-New Deal not doing enough Dr. Townsend-New Deal not doing enough

to help poor and elderly-wanted pension to help poor and elderly-wanted pension planplan

Huey Long-share the wealthHuey Long-share the wealth

"How many men ever went to a barbecue and would let one man take off the table what's intended for nine-tenths of the people to eat? The only way you'll ever be able to feed the balance of the people is to make that man come back and bring back some of tha grub that he ain't got no business with!"– Louisiana Senator Huey P. Long, 193440

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PWAPWA

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22ndnd New Deal New Deal Two years later-Two years later-

economy had economy had improved, but not improved, but not greatlygreatly

New Deal still widely New Deal still widely popularpopular

Roosevelt launches Roosevelt launches second New Dealsecond New Deal

Wife suggests it-wants Wife suggests it-wants women to become women to become involvedinvolved

1936 election1936 election Roosevelt wins in a Roosevelt wins in a

landslidelandslide

African Americans African Americans begin to back begin to back Democrats a trend Democrats a trend that continues through that continues through todaytoday

Democrats still in Democrats still in controlcontrol

FarmersFarmersSoil and Domestic Allotment Act Soil and Domestic Allotment Act

passed 1936-replaces AAApassed 1936-replaces AAA

Pays farmers for cutting production Pays farmers for cutting production and preserving soiland preserving soil

Tenant farmers given loans to buy Tenant farmers given loans to buy landland

New ProgramsNew ProgramsWorks Progress Administration-Works Progress Administration-11 Billion dollars to give jobs to 8 11 Billion dollars to give jobs to 8

million workersmillion workers850 airports, 125,000 public 850 airports, 125,000 public

buildings, 651,000 miles of roadsbuildings, 651,000 miles of roads

Women workers sew garmentsWomen workers sew garments

WPA ContinuedWPA ContinuedEleanor makes sure women, Eleanor makes sure women,

minorities, and young people are minorities, and young people are hired and helpedhired and helped

NYA-National Youth Administration- NYA-National Youth Administration- education, jobs, counseling, and education, jobs, counseling, and recreation to students in exchange recreation to students in exchange for working at schoolsfor working at schools

More ReformMore ReformWagner Act-protects workers and Wagner Act-protects workers and

allows them to join unions and prohibits allows them to join unions and prohibits unfair labor practices-firing union unfair labor practices-firing union workers etc.workers etc.

Fair Labor Standards Act-Maximum Fair Labor Standards Act-Maximum Work Week 44 hours-later reduced to Work Week 44 hours-later reduced to 4040

Minimum wage set-25 cents an hourMinimum wage set-25 cents an hourChild labor laws passedChild labor laws passed

Labor UnionsLabor UnionsGrow tremendouslyGrow tremendouslyCIO-represents unskilled workersCIO-represents unskilled workers

Sit-down strikes popular-factory can’t Sit-down strikes popular-factory can’t bring in other peoplebring in other people

Strikes get violent-Memorial Day Strikes get violent-Memorial Day MassacreMassacre

Social SecuritySocial Security Social Security Act-Social Security Act-

passed in 1935-3 partspassed in 1935-3 parts 1- Old-age insurance 1- Old-age insurance

for retirees 65 or older for retirees 65 or older and spouses-half from and spouses-half from worker, half from worker, half from employeremployer

2-unemployment 2-unemployment compensation-15-18 compensation-15-18 bucks a week-bucks a week-

3- aid to families with 3- aid to families with dependent children dependent children and disabledand disabled

Utilities ExpansionUtilities ExpansionOnly 12 percent of American farms Only 12 percent of American farms

had electricity-1935-Roosevelt uses had electricity-1935-Roosevelt uses REA to bring electricity to rural REA to bring electricity to rural farms-90 percent by 1949farms-90 percent by 1949

Goes after utility companiesGoes after utility companies

ProblemsProblemsSupreme Court-AAA and NIRA-downSupreme Court-AAA and NIRA-down

FDR cuts fed spending-economy into FDR cuts fed spending-economy into free fall againfree fall again

Unemployment -20 %Unemployment -20 %

Republicans gain ground 1938Republicans gain ground 1938

Groups Affected by the New Groups Affected by the New DealDeal

New Deal increases government’s New Deal increases government’s role in promoting equal rightsrole in promoting equal rights

New Deal policies help some more New Deal policies help some more than othersthan others

Women=good and badWomen=good and badFirst female cabinet member First female cabinet member

appointed-Frances Perkinsappointed-Frances PerkinsGallup Pole-82 percent of Americans Gallup Pole-82 percent of Americans

think that if husband has a job think that if husband has a job women should be at homewomen should be at home

Lower minimum wage for womenLower minimum wage for womenPercentage of women working growsPercentage of women working grows

African AmericansAfrican AmericansRoosevelt appoints more than 100 Roosevelt appoints more than 100

African Americans to key positionsAfrican Americans to key positions

““Black Cabinet” advises RooseveltBlack Cabinet” advises Roosevelt

Eleanor Roosevelt plays a big role Eleanor Roosevelt plays a big role

Marian Anderson situationMarian Anderson situation

FDR Disagrees with EleanorFDR Disagrees with EleanorRoosevelt afraid of upsetting white Roosevelt afraid of upsetting white

Democrats in SouthDemocrats in SouthDoes not support anti-lynching lawDoes not support anti-lynching lawRefuses to end poll-taxRefuses to end poll-taxCCC and TVA don’t hire African CCC and TVA don’t hire African

AmericansAmericans

Mexican-AmericansMexican-AmericansSupport New Deal tooSupport New Deal too

Worked in Southwest as farm handsWorked in Southwest as farm hands

New Deal does not protect them New Deal does not protect them from low wages and forced from low wages and forced deportationdeportation

Native AmericansNative AmericansNew Deal helps greatlyNew Deal helps greatly Indian Reorganization ActIndian Reorganization Act-Native American lands belong to -Native American lands belong to

tribe and not governmenttribe and not governmentChildren can attend schools on Children can attend schools on

reservationsreservationsTribes can govern their own Tribes can govern their own

reservationsreservations

New Deal CoalitionNew Deal CoalitionDemocratic supporters of FDRDemocratic supporters of FDRSouthern whites, urban groups, Southern whites, urban groups,

African Americans, and union African Americans, and union workersworkers

Democrats dominate 1930s and 40sDemocrats dominate 1930s and 40s

Average Cost of new house $7,145.00 Average wages per year $1,970.00 Cost of a gallon of Gas 10 cents Average Cost for house rent $15.00 per month A loaf of Bread 9 cents A LB of Hamburger Meat 13 cents Magic Chef Gas Cooker $195.00 Pontiac Big Six Car $745.00

1930s entertainment1930s entertainmentMovies and radio are main sourcesMovies and radio are main sources

Often serve as an escapeOften serve as an escape

Captures imaginationCaptures imagination

Radio and Movies$$$Radio and Movies$$$Movies-65 percent of Americans go Movies-65 percent of Americans go

once a weekonce a week15,000 movies theatres15,000 movies theatresRadio sales doubled from 1930 to Radio sales doubled from 1930 to

1940194090 percent of Americans own a radio90 percent of Americans own a radio

MoviesMoviesHollywood comes of ageHollywood comes of agePresent visions of wealth, romance, and Present visions of wealth, romance, and

good timesgood timesGone with the Wind, Wizard of Oz, Snow Gone with the Wind, Wizard of Oz, Snow

White and the Seven Dwarfs, White and the Seven Dwarfs, FrankensteinFrankenstein

Comedies also popular, as well as feel Comedies also popular, as well as feel good movies-good movies-Mr. Deeds Goes to TownMr. Deeds Goes to Town Pro New DealPro New Deal

RadioRadioSeveral hours a day spent listening Several hours a day spent listening

to a radioto a radio

Orson Wells- “The War of the Worlds”Orson Wells- “The War of the Worlds”

Comedy-Bob HopeComedy-Bob Hope

Lone RangerLone Ranger

ArtsArtsSomber and SeriousSomber and Serious

Federal Art Project-paid artists to Federal Art Project-paid artists to produce public artproduce public art

Grant Wood-Grant Wood-American GothicAmerican Gothic

MusicMusicSongs about strugglesSongs about struggles

Woody GuthrieWoody Guthrie

Songs about Dust Bowl, Bread Lines, Songs about Dust Bowl, Bread Lines, etc.etc.

Swing Music-Big BandsSwing Music-Big Bands

WritersWriters Federal Writers’ Federal Writers’

ProjectProject Pays writers to Pays writers to

produce worksproduce works The Grapes of WrathThe Grapes of Wrath Native SonNative Son Difficulties of lifeDifficulties of life

Uplifting-Uplifting-Our TownOur Town

Impact of New DealImpact of New DealLate 30s economy improvingLate 30s economy improving

New Deal scaled backNew Deal scaled back

Unemployment risesUnemployment rises

WWII loomsWWII looms

Critics/SupportersCritics/SupportersConservatives-fed. Gov. too large and Conservatives-fed. Gov. too large and

powerful, free enterprise restricted, powerful, free enterprise restricted,

Liberals-rich/poor gap too large, too Liberals-rich/poor gap too large, too many social inequalitiesmany social inequalities

Supporters-struck balance between Supporters-struck balance between capitalism and socialismcapitalism and socialism

Gov. Role in EconomyGov. Role in EconomyRoosevelt expanded Gov. Role in Roosevelt expanded Gov. Role in

economyeconomy

More power to PresidentMore power to President

FDIC and SEC programs we still have FDIC and SEC programs we still have today-regulate banking and today-regulate banking and investmentinvestment

Workers’ RightsWorkers’ RightsStandards for wages and hoursStandards for wages and hours

Banned child laborBanned child labor

Ensured union rightsEnsured union rights

Social and Environmental Social and Environmental EffectsEffects

Social SecuritySocial Security

Rural-quotas on crop production, Rural-quotas on crop production, easy loans, electricityeasy loans, electricity

Environment- planted trees, Environment- planted trees, conserved soil, harnessed water conserved soil, harnessed water power,power,