THE NEW THE NEW REPUBLIREPUBLI

CC

A.A. The federal Constitution The federal Constitution (convention, ratification, Bill of (convention, ratification, Bill of Rights)Rights)

B.B. Washington, Hamilton, and Washington, Hamilton, and shaping of the national governmentshaping of the national government

C.C. Emergence of political parties: Emergence of political parties: Federalists and RepublicansFederalists and Republicans

D.D. John Adams' presidency (Alien John Adams' presidency (Alien and Sedition Acts, Election of 1800)and Sedition Acts, Election of 1800)

GUIDING GUIDING QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

How and why did the How and why did the Constitution replace the Constitution replace the Articles of Confederation?Articles of Confederation?

To what extent was the To what extent was the Constitution a radical Constitution a radical departure from the departure from the Articles of Confederation?Articles of Confederation?

THE FEDERAL THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIOCONSTITUTIO

NN

Confederation to Confederation to ConstitutionConstitution

Annapolis Annapolis Convention Convention (1786)(1786)

•Constitutional Constitutional ConventionConvention

(May 1787)(May 1787)

Constitutional Constitutional ConventionConvention

““Founding Founding Fathers”Fathers”

Virginia PlanVirginia Plan

Great CompromiseGreat Compromise

SlaverySlaveryThree-Fifths Three-Fifths CompromiseCompromise

Slave tradeSlave trade

Fugitive SlavesFugitive Slaves

IndependenIndependence Hall, ce Hall, Phila-Phila-delphia in delphia in 18001800

"Scene at the "Scene at the Signing of the Signing of the Constitution." By Constitution." By Howard Chandler Howard Chandler Christy.Christy.

Features of the Features of the ConstitutionConstitution

1.1. Concern about Concern about Concentrated PowerConcentrated Power

• ““Federal” systemFederal” system– Problem of Problem of

sovereigntysovereignty

• Separation of Separation of powerpower

• Checks and Checks and balancesbalances

System of Checks and BalancesSystem of Checks and Balances

Features of the Features of the ConstitutionConstitution

2.2. Concern about the Concern about the Power of the PeoplePower of the People

• ““filters”filters”• Electoral CollegeElectoral College

ConstitutionConstitution

LEGISLATIVELEGISLATIVESenateSenate

EXECUTIVEEXECUTIVEPresidentPresident

JUDICIALJUDICIALSupreme CourtSupreme Court

HouseHouse

Features of the Features of the ConstitutionConstitution

Concern about Concern about Protecting Protecting Economic Economic Interests?Interests?

ARTICLES vs. THE CONSTITUTIONARTICLES vs. THE CONSTITUTIONARTICLES OF ARTICLES OF

CONFEDERATIONCONFEDERATIONCONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION

Sovereignty  Sovereignty  

Representation of states Representation of states 

Executive Executive 

Federal courtsFederal courts

Passing laws Passing laws 

Amending documentAmending document

Interstate commerce Interstate commerce (Regulation of trade)(Regulation of trade)

Levying taxesLevying taxes

Raising an army Raising an army 

Disputes between states Disputes between states 

ARTICLES vs. THE CONSTITUTIONARTICLES vs. THE CONSTITUTIONARTICLESARTICLES OF CONFEDERATIONOF CONFEDERATION CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION

Sovereignty Sovereignty StatesStates PeoplePeople

Representation of states Representation of states EqualEqual Population & equalPopulation & equal

Executive Executive NoneNone PresidentPresident

Federal courtsFederal courts NoneNone Supreme Ct & systemSupreme Ct & system

Passing laws Passing laws 2/3 approval2/3 approval Majority ea. house + Pres.Majority ea. house + Pres.

Amending documentAmending document UnanimousUnanimous 2/3 ea. House Congress + 2/3 ea. House Congress + ¾ states¾ states

Interstate commerce Interstate commerce (Regulation of trade)(Regulation of trade) No powerNo power CongressCongress

Levying taxesLevying taxes States onlyStates only CongressCongress

Raising an army Raising an army StatesStates CongressCongress

Disputes between states Disputes between states StatesStates Supreme CourtSupreme Court

Ratification of the Ratification of the Constitution & the Bill Constitution & the Bill

of Rightsof RightsRatificationRatification

FederalistsFederalists

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Federalist Federalist PapersPapers

Bill of RightsBill of RightsCover page Cover page from The from The Federalist, Federalist, 17881788

Ratification of the ConstitutionRatification of the Constitution

Votes of State Ratifying ConventionsVotes of State Ratifying Conventions

ANALYZING THE ANALYZING THE CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION

Did the Constitution reflect the Did the Constitution reflect the goals of the American goals of the American Revolution?Revolution?

OR: Was it a counter-OR: Was it a counter-revolutionary document revolutionary document established to benefit the established to benefit the traditional political and traditional political and economic elites?economic elites?

SHAPING THE SHAPING THE NATIONAL NATIONAL

GOVERNMENGOVERNMENTT

How did George Washington How did George Washington and Alexander Hamilton set up and Alexander Hamilton set up a stable national government?a stable national government?

Territorial Territorial Growth to Growth to

17901790

Advance Advance of of

settlemesettlement to nt to

17901790

SHAPING THE NATIONAL SHAPING THE NATIONAL

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT George George WashingtonWashington

The “indispensable man”The “indispensable man”Enormous statureEnormous stature

Revolution, ConstitutionRevolution, Constitution““virtue”virtue”Stayed above the frayStayed above the fray

First President – First President – precedentsprecedents

Stature to office of Stature to office of PresidentPresidentCabinet Cabinet (Hamilton, (Hamilton, Jefferson)Jefferson)Two termsTwo termsRestrained use of power: Restrained use of power: legislation; vetolegislation; veto

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

George WashingtonGeorge WashingtonRembrandt Peale (1778-1860), oil on Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860), oil on canvas, 1795canvas, 1795National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian InstitutionInstitution

SHAPING SHAPING THE THE

NATIONAL NATIONAL GOVERNMENGOVERNMEN

TTAlexander Alexander HamiltonHamilton

Alexander Hamilton by John Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull, 1792Trumbull, 1792(Courtesy of Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette (Courtesy of Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Collection of Americana)Collection of Americana)

Hamilton’s Financial PlanHamilton’s Financial Plan1)1) “Funding the Debt” “Funding the Debt” – at face value – at face value ($50M)($50M)

2)2) Assumption of state debts Assumption of state debts ($25M)($25M)

3)3) National BankNational Bank – (First) Bank of the United States – (First) Bank of the United States

4)4) High Protective TariffHigh Protective Tariff 5)5) Sources of Revenue: Sources of Revenue: tariff, public land sales, excise tax tariff, public land sales, excise tax

on whiskeyon whiskey

Purposes:Purposes:

a)a) Place national gov’t on firm financial standing, Place national gov’t on firm financial standing,

b)b) Give wealthy stake in success of new national Give wealthy stake in success of new national gov’tgov’t

c)c) Promote growth of industrial activity and urban Promote growth of industrial activity and urban areasareas

HamiltoHamilton's n's FinanciaFinancial l StructurStructure e SupporteSupported by d by RevenueRevenuess

The DealThe Deal• Washington, Washington, D.C.D.C.

Pierre Pierre L’Enfant’s L’Enfant’s plan for plan for WashingtWashington, D.C.on, D.C.

EMERGENCE EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL OF POLITICAL

PARTIESPARTIES

EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIESPARTIES

How did differing views of How did differing views of what the nation should what the nation should become lead to the rise of become lead to the rise of America’s first political America’s first political parties?parties?

Emergence Of Political Emergence Of Political PartiesParties

Founders’ dislike of partiesFounders’ dislike of parties

Democratic-Republicans – usually Democratic-Republicans – usually “Republicans”“Republicans”

FederalistsFederalists““First Party System”: First Party System”: Feds & Reps Feds & Reps (1790s-c. 1816)(1790s-c. 1816)

International ProblemsInternational ProblemsWar Between France War Between France and Britain and Britain (1793-1815)(1793-1815)

Jay’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty (1795)(1795) Attacks on US shipsAttacks on US ships

FortsForts

TradeTrade

Pinckney’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty (1796)(1796)

Washington’s Washington’s Farewell Address Farewell Address (Sept (Sept

1796)1796)

International Issues Lead to International Issues Lead to Domestic DiscordDomestic Discord

Election of 1796 Election of 1796 John Adams John Adams (Pres. 1797-(Pres. 1797-1801)1801)

XYZ Affair XYZ Affair Quasi War Quasi War with France with France (1797-1801)(1797-1801)

Alien and Sedition Acts Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)(1798)

Virginia and Kentucky Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Resolutions (fall 1798)(fall 1798)

John AdamsJohn Adams(Library of Congress)(Library of Congress)

Conflict in the Northwest Territory Conflict in the Northwest Territory 1790-961790-96

The Election of 1800The Election of 1800

SourcesSourcesBrinkley 10eBrinkley 10e

http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/templates/http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/templates/student_resources/0030724791_ayers/maps/student_resources/0030724791_ayers/maps/7.1.html7.1.html

http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/thumbnail73.htmlthumbnail73.html

Faragher, Faragher, Out of ManyOut of Many, 3, 3rdrd Ed.; Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_aphttp://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap

Divine, Divine, America Past & PresentAmerica Past & Present 7e 7e

Henretta, Henretta, America’s HistoryAmerica’s History 5e from 5e from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentralhttp://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral

Nash, Nash, The American PeopleThe American People 6e 6e