Can you describe Solids, Liquids and Gases in terms of Spacing
Ordering and.........motion of molecules?
Slide 4
Kinetic Model for Solids Solids: particles have fixed positions
close together. Particles can vibrate about these positions but do
not have enough energy to overcome the bonds holding them together.
Solids have a fixed, definite shape and volume. They are
incompressible, so they transmit forces.bonds
Slide 5
Kinetic Model for Liquids Liquids: particles are slightly
further apart than in solids- they have gained enough energy to
partially overcome the bonds holding them together. Particles can
move freely, so that even though a liquid has a fixed volume, it
can take the shape of its container. Liquids can be compressed very
slightly, but generally they are regarded as incompressible.
Liquids are fluids- they can flow and transmit pressure.
Slide 6
Kinetic Model for Gases Gases: particles are widely separated
and have high energy, leading to weak intermolecular bonds (we
often assume there are no intermolecular bonds). Particles can move
freely and randomly, so gases take the shape and volume of their
container. About 99.99% of a gass volume is empty space. Gases are
also fluids, they can flow and transmit pressure, even though in
everyday terms we only think of liquids as fluids.
Slide 7
Robert Brown Brownian Motion Fame!
Slide 8
Brownian Motion Describe an experiment that demonstrates
Brownian motion and discuss evidence for the movement of molecules
provided by such an experiment.
Slide 9
Useful information on Brownian motion Handy simulation
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/A
pplets/brownian/brownian.html
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/A
pplets/brownian/brownian.html Wiki information (lots here, some way
more than A-level but good enrichment).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_motion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_motion Revision site 1 :
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-
level/physics/kinetic-theory/revise-it/brownian-motionshttp://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-
level/physics/kinetic-theory/revise-it/brownian-motions Revision
site 1 : http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-
19/Thermal%20physics/Kinetic%20theory%20of%20matter
/text/Brownian_motion/index.htmlhttp://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-
19/Thermal%20physics/Kinetic%20theory%20of%20matter
/text/Brownian_motion/index.html
Slide 10
Pressure of Gases What is the definition of the term pressure?
How can the kinetic theory be used to explain the pressure exerted
by gases? Explanation based on Newtons Laws!
Slide 11
Temperature 4.3.2
Slide 12
What is the definition of internal energy? What happens to the
internal energy of body when there is a temperature increase? What
happens to the internal energy of body when there is a change of
state? What happens to the temperature of a body when there is a
change of state?
Slide 13
Slide 14
Can you explain melting in terms of the kinetic model?
Slide 15
Can you explain boiling in terms of the kinetic model?
Slide 16
Can you explain evaporation in terms of the kinetic model?
Slide 17
Thermal Energy Transfer From Hot to Cold!
Slide 18
What is thermal equilibrium?
Slide 19
Absolute scale of temperature What is the advantage of the
absolute temperature scale?
Slide 20
The Lord!
Slide 21
How do you convert temperatures measured in Kelvin to degrees
Celsius?
Slide 22
What is the definition of absolute zero?
Slide 23
Thermal Properties of Materials 4.3.3
Slide 24
What is the definition of specific heat capacity?
Slide 25
Can you describe an electrical experiment to determine the
specific heat capacity of a sold or a liquid?
Slide 26
What is meant by the terms Latent heat of fusion?
and.............latent heat of vaporisation?
Slide 27
Ideal Gases 4.3.4
Slide 28
Introducing Robert Boyle
Slide 29
State Boyles Law
Slide 30
Basic assumption used in the kinetic theory of gases A gas
consists of a collection of small particles travelling in
straight-line motion and obeying Newton's Laws. The molecules in a
gas occupy no volume (that is, they are points). Collisions between
molecules are perfectly elastic (that is, no energy is gained or
lost during the collision). There are no attractive or repulsive
forces between the molecules.
Slide 31
Moles How many particles are in a mole?
Slide 32
Introducing Avogadro! 1.What is Avogadros number? 2.Can you
link n,N and N A ?
Slide 33
Introducing Boltzmann! Not another constant!
Slide 34
Ideal Gas Equation Can you express this in terms of the
Boltzmann constant, k and N?
Slide 35
Kinetic Energy of a molecule of a gas Can you prove this
equation? KE is the mean translational energy?????
