The NTPC Power Plant

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1. ABOUT NTPC

Indias largest power company, NTPC was set up in 1975 to accelerate power

development in India. NTPC is emerging as a diversiied power ma!or wit" presence

in t"e entire value c"ain o t"e power generation #usiness. $part rom power

generation, w"ic" is t"e mainstay o t"e company, NTPC "as already ventured into

consultancy, power trading, as" utilisation and coal mining. NTPC ran%ed &'( t"int"e )*+1&, or#es -lo#al *+++ ran%ing o t"e orlds #iggest companies. NTPC

#ecame a /a"aratna company in /ay, *+1+, one o t"e only our companies to #e

awarded t"is status.

T"e total installed capacity o t"e company is (&,1+' / 0including 2s3 wit" 17

coal #ased and 7 gas #ased stations, located across t"e country. In addition under

2s, 7 stations are coal #ased 4 anot"er station uses napt"a6N- as uel and 7

renewa#le energy pro!ects. T"e company "as set a target to "ave an installed power

generating capacity o 1,*',+++ / #y t"e year *+&*. T"e capacity will "ave a

diversiied uel mi comprising 58 coal, 18 -as, 11 Nuclear and 17

:enewa#le ;nergy er. -overnment o India "as urt"er divested 9.5 s"ares t"roug" >< route in

e#ruary *+1&. it" t"is, ->I@s "olding in NTPC "as reduced rom '(.5 to 75.

T"e rest is "eld #y Institutional Investors and t"ePu#lic.

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1.2 NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION, SIPAT

Sipat Super Thermal Power Station or Rajiv Gandhi Super Thermal

Power Station [1]is located at Sipatin Bilaspur districtin state

of Chhattisgarh The power plant is one of the coal!ased power

plants of "TPC[#]The coal for the power plant is sourced from $ipi%a

&ines of South 'astern Coal(elds )imited

The project has an installed capacit* of #+,- &. consisting of two

stages/ stage one which got commissioned late was of 0 units of

- &. each invojving super2critical !oilers technolog* and stage

two consisted of # units of 3-- &. eachP& &anmohan Singh

inaugurated the Sipat Thermal Power Plant on Septem!er #-/#-10

Stage UnitNumber

Installed Capacity(MW)

Date ofComisioning

Status

1st 1 - #-11 4une Runni

1st # - #-11 $ecem!er Runni

1st 0 - #-1# 4une [5] Runni

#nd 5 3-- #--6 &a* Runni

#nd 3 3-- #--, 7ugust Runni

otal 8ive !"#$

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipat_Thermal_Power_Plant#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilaspur_district,_Chhattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Thermal_Power_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipat_Thermal_Power_Plant#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Eastern_Coalfields_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt#Megawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipat_Thermal_Power_Plant#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilaspur_district,_Chhattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Thermal_Power_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipat_Thermal_Power_Plant#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Eastern_Coalfields_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt#Megawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipat_Thermal_Power_Plant#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipat_Thermal_Power_Plant#cite_note-1


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1.3 OVERVIEW OF POWER PLANT

Power Plant is an industrial setup w"ic" is meant or generation o t"e electric

power. In a power plant, water is "eated into steam w"ic" is urt"er used to rotate

t"e tur#ine or power generation.

T"e t"ermal power plant normally wor%s on t"e ran%ine cycle. T"is cycle was

deduced rom Carnot cycle, w"ic" is an imaginary cycle and consists o two

reversi#le isot"ermal process and two reversi#le adia#atic process too. $s t"is cycle

was practically impossi#le, ran%ine w"ic" now #ecomes t"e #ase o all t"e power

plant proposed new cycle.

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verall it "elps to increase t"e eiciency.


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1.4 VARIOUS DEPARTMENENT IN POWER PLANT

S W I T C H Y A R D / G R I D

G E N E R A T O R T R A N S F O R M E R

G E N E R A T O R

T U R B I N E

B O I L E R

P U L V E R I Z E R

B U N K E R

C R U S H E R

T R A C K H O P P E R

M G R

M I N E S

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CHAPTER 2

MINES

Dor#a


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2.1 GRADING OF COAL

-:$G; DC$6D-

$ K8*++

= 58++A8*++

C ((9+A58++

G (*++A((9+

; &&8+A(*++

*(++A&&8+

- 1&++A*(++

ig.1 >pen cast dipi%a mines

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ig.* /ined coal #y surace miner

CHAPTER 3

MGR

0/;::H -> :>ENG


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3.1 SPECIFICATIONS

In NTPC


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ig.( agon #ottom disc"arge 0Pneumatic3

CHAPTER 4

CHP

0C>$6 F$NG6IN- P6$NT3

Coal Fandling Plant is a plant w"ic" "andles t"e coal rom its receipt rom Coal

mines to transporting it to =oiler and store in =un%ers. It also processes t"e raw

coal to ma%e it suita#le or =oiler operation.Transport coal rom Trac% "oppers

to =un%ers at main plant.

4.1 CHP HAVE FOLLOWING PROCESSES

4.1.1 Unloa!n" P#o$%&&

Normally t"ermal power station receives t"e coal #y t"ree modes o operation

=y :ailway

=y :oad

=y $rial ropeways

$erial ropeway is availa#le only to t"e power stations w"ic" are near t"e coal mines.

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Cost o coal transportation #y road is muc" "ig"er t"an t"at or rail transport and

"ence most o t"e coal re?uirement o t"e power stations is ulilled #y railway

transport #y wagon tipplers or #y =>=: 0=ottom open disc"arge wagons3.

4.1.1.1 TRAC' HOPPER

Trac% Foppers are mainly used or coal storage 4 "andling in power plants. T"ecoal is generally transported rom coal mines eit"er #y =>=: wagons 0=ottom

>pen =ottom Gisc"arge3, Top open wagons 4 rarely #y truc%s.

NTPC "ave

T:$CD F>PP;: 14* >: PP;: * B &*++ T>N

4.1.1.2 PADDLE FEEDERS

$ter t"e material is disc"arged rom t"e wagons, t"ey got stored in t"e :CC

"oppers. Paddle eeder is mec"anism used or t"e evacuation o coal rom t"e

#ottom o :CC "oppers. $s t"e name suggests, t"e eeder ploug"s t"e accumulated

coal rom t"e #ottom o t"e "opper and eeds it into a moving #elt conveyor.

4.1.2 F%%!n" P#o$%&&

T"e eeding process involves continuous and control coal low to meet t"e

re?uirement. T"e eicient and economical storage, movement and control o large

coal "andling installations, coal car unloading, storage 4 reclaim system depend on

t"e proper application o eeders.

;;G;:/ 1++ mm J*+ mm E: C:E


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ig.5 Trac% Fopper

ig.8 Paddle eeder

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ig.7


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ig.9 =un%ers

CHAPTER *

MAIN PLANT

*.1 MILL0PULVERIER

$ pulverier or grinder is a mec"anical device or t"e grinding o many dierent

types o materials. or eample, a pulverier mill is used topulverie

coal or com#ustion in t"e steamAgenerating urnacesoossil uel power plants.

PE62;:I;< C>$6 :>/ *+ // *++ /;: $NG & :>66;:< $T 1*+ G;- $P$:T

0=>6 /I663.

PE62;:I;G C>$6 I< T$D;N T> =>I6;: =H F>TMC>6G

P:I/$:H $I:.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulverized_coal-fired_boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulverized_coal-fired_boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulverized_coal-fired_boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulverized_coal-fired_boilerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnaceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_plant


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ig.1+ =low /ill

CHAPTER -

BOILER

-.1 BOILER

$ =oiler is a central component o a power plant, and it is t"e unit w"ere t"e steam

re?uired or driving t"e tur#ine is generated. T"e "eat a#sor#ing parts su#!ected to

internal pressure in a #oiler are called as pressure parts. T"e main pressure part in a

#oiler are Grums, ater walls,


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/I66

=END;:

;;G;:

;I6;:

ig.11 $ir and uel pat"

$ #oiler is "ig" pressure device t"at needs sae guarding. or t"e saety and eicient

running o t"e #oiler t"ere are various mounting, itting and accessories.

-.2 ACCESSORISE OF BOILER

-.2.1 ECONOMIER

T"e economier gets t"e eed water at a#out *&+MA5c rom t"e =P. It pre"eats t"e

eed water #eore it enters t"e #oiler drum. Pre"eating o eed water "elps in

prevention o under "eating and t"e water t"ermal stresses, w"ic" can eventually

lead to puncture o #oiler drum and t"e water wall tu#es. T"e tu#es orm a strong

mes" o pipes, w"ic" are eed water wit" t"e "elp o a water, w"ic" "elps in #etter

"eat a#sorption. T"e economier as t"e name suggest "elp to economie t"e steam

generation process #y pre"eating and reducing aord in t"e #oiler drum. T"e outlet

pressure o economier is around 1+5%gcm* and outlet temperature around *7+c.

T"is water is ed into t"e #oiler drum or conversion o water into steam.

-.2.2 SUPERHEATER


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T"e com#ustion air entering t"e urnace s"ould #e pre"eated rom t"e "eart o lue

gases o downstream o economier to prevent "eat losses. T"is eplains t"e

re?uirement o air pre "eater as it pre "eats t"e air supplied rom P$ and G ans and

"ence preventing t"e etra "eat to "eat t"em up t"us saving t"e uel a lot.

-.3 FITTINGS

-.3.1. PRESSURE GAUGE

T"e gauge or devices used to measure t"e pressure o t"e luid lowing t"row a pipe

are termed as pressure gauge.

-.3.2. SAFET VALVE

;very material "as its #earing capacity or pressure and temperature, t"e ecess o

w"ic" can lead to "eavy loses and even eplosion in t"e #oiler. T"is is prevented #y

introducing saety valves in t"e #oiler. T"e saety valves "elps to release t"e ecess

pressure in t"e #oiler. T"e ecess pressure lits t"e cap o t"e saety valves "ence"elping it to escape and release t"e pressure. T"ere are t"ree saety valves installed

in t"e #oiler. Fence, two valves on t"e drum and one at inal super "eater outlet is

installed

-.3.3. WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

T"e water level indicator is glass tu#e, w"ic" indicates t"e level o water in t"e

#oiler drum. T"is is Important as low water level can lead to over"eating o t"e

#oilerdrum t"e "ig" water level causes t"e entry o water in t"e super "eater tu#es

and "ence damage t"em. T"e water level indicator is an important mounting in t"e

#oiler drum. Industrially it is termed as gauge glass. In addition digital indicators

called as "ydra step are used t"ese days to c"ec% t"e water level in t"e drum.

-.3.4 FEED CONTROL VALVE

T"e eed c"ec% valves c"ec% t"e entry o water in t"e #oiler. T"e valves are setup in

a station called as eed c"ec% station or #etter operation o t"e #oiler. T"ese are

t"ree line setup, eA1++, &+ line and t"e #ypass line. T"e 1++ line is used w"en

t"e #oiler runs in its ull capacity. &+ line is used at start up or s"ut down o t"e

#oiler. T"e t"ird line called as #y pass line is used w"en eit"er or #ot" o t"e 1++

and &+ line "ave pro#lem suc" as c"oc%ing. T"is "elps t"e #oiler to overcome t"e

water scarcity during t"e #oiler pro#lem.

-.3.* STEAM STOP VALVES

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-.4.1. PROCESS DIAGRAM OF PATH OF WATER AND STEAM

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!oiler feed pump


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-.4.1 BOILER DRUM

It is a vessel, w"ic" stores #ot" water and steam. It separates and supplies t"em to

various outlets. T"e water rom t"e #oiler drum comes down t"roug" t"e down

comers and is ed t"e water wall tu#es or re"eating. T"e #oiler drum is usually "al

illed wit" water and ot"er "al wit" steam. T"is increase t"e temperature o water

and is converted into steam, w"ic" returns to t"e drum wit" t"e "elp o riser tu#es.Fere t"e steam water miture is separated wit" t"e "elp o various accessories in t"e

#oiler.

-.4.2. CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF BOLIER WATER

T"roug" t"e #oiler is ed wit" "ig" ?uality treated water, still it is essential to "ave a

ine conditioning o t"e #oiler water #y dosing certain c"emicals to t"e water in t"e

#oiler drum. T"is is to ensure.

$ny scale orming salt in t"e #oiler water is converted into sludge acilitating its

removal t"roug" low point drains.

T"e pF value o t"e #oiler water is maintained at t"e desired level to prevent

corrosion as well as to avoid silica carry over steam.

T"roug" various solid al%alis can #e used, t"e common practice in our country is

dosing o T:IGIE/ PF>(AAAAAAAAA Ca 0P>(3*M8NaCl

It improves t"e pF o water as it gives sodium Fydroide ater reacting wit" water.

Na&P>(MF*>AAAAAAAAAAAA Na>FM Na*FP(

-.* FUEL

Coal is used as t"e uel used in #oiler. :aw coal is irst was"ed in coal was"ers t"en

it is transported rom coal was"er plant to power plant #y road and it is crus"ed to

re?uired sie #y t"en ed to t"e #oilers #y networ% o #elt conveyors #y t"e C>$6

F$NG6IN- P6$NT 0CFP3 and t"en it ed into com#ustion c"am#er #y coal

eeders.

sie o coal 8mm

caloriic valueA &+++%Cal%g

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ig.1& =oiler Grum

ig.1( Feader

-.*.1. COAL BUN'ER

It is situated on t"e upper part o t"e #oiler. T"e conveyor #elt eeds it in t"e urnace

or com#ustion. T"e GC is connected to varia#le re?uency drive, w"ic" drives t"e

GC and control t"e eedings o coal in t"e urnace. T"e coal mies up wit" t"e

luidied #ed and catc"es ire.

-.*.2. FURNACE

T"e coal is #urnt in t"e urnace over t"e #ed in t"e com#ustion one. T"e urnace

consists o #ed material, w"ic" is a miture o sand and alumina. T"e #ed material

provides a suita#le medium or "eat a#sorption, transmission and providing a

luidied medium or complete com#ustion o coal. T"e urnace temperature is

maintained around '5+c wit" t"e suita#le iring o coal t"e com#ustion one is

luidied #y air ans.

-.- AIR PATH

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-.-.1. PRIMAR AIR FANS

$ primary air ans w"ic" means or transporting t"e coal into t"e urnace. T"is an

develops "ig" pressure 015++A1'++mm C3 to pus" t"e coal particles t"is ta%es

suction rom disc"arge o G ans.

-.-.2. FORCE DRAFT FANS

T"e air is pumped in t"e urnace #y two G ans, w"ic" "elps in luidiing t"e #ed.

T"e #ed material needs to #e luidied or complete com#ustion o coal. It also "elps

in preventing t"e settlement o "eavier coal particles on t"e #ed. T"is is done #y

alternate arrangement o t"ree super "eaters and two deA super "eater. T"e super

"eaters are termed as primary 0P


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ASH HANDLING0WASTE DISPOSAL

ly as" is captured and removed rom t"e lue gas #y electrostatic precipitators or

a#ric #ag ilters 0or sometimes #ot"3 located at t"e outlet o t"e urnace and #eore

t"e induced drat an. T"e ly as" is periodically removed rom t"e collection

"oppers #elow t"e precipitators or #ag ilters. -enerally, t"e ly as" is pneumatically

transported to storage silos or su#se?uent transport #y truc%s or railroad cars. T"e

as" generated in t"e system in t"e t"ree ones o #oiler i.e. ;


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TURBINE

.1 TPES OF TURBINE

.1.1. STEAM TURBINE

It is a mec"anical device t"at etracts t"ermal energy rom pressuried steam, and

converts it into rotary motion. $n ideal steam tur#ine is considered to #e an

isentropic process, or constant entropy o t"e steam interring t"e tur#ine is e?ual to

t"e entropy o t"e steam leaving t"e tur#ine. Fe steam tur#ine is truly QisentropicR,

"owever, wit" typical isentropic eiciencies ranging rom *+A9+ #ased on t"e

application o t"e tur#ine. T"e interior o a tur#ine comprises several sets o #lades,

or Q#uc%etsR as t"ey are more commonly reerred to. >ne set o stationary #lades is

connected to t"e casting and one set o rotating #lades is connected to t"e s"at. T"e

seats intermes" wit" certain minimum clearances, wit" t"e sie coniguration o sets

varying to eiciently eploit t"e epansion o steam at eac" stage.

T"ere are #asically * types o tur#ines.

.1.1.1. IMPULSE TURBINE

$n Impulse tur#ine "as ied noles t"at orient t"e steam low into "ig" speed !ets.

T"ese !ets contain signiicant %inetic energy, w"ic" t"e rotor #lades, s"aped li%e

#uc%ets, convert into s"at rotations as t"e steam !ets c"anges direction. $ pressure

drop occurs across only t"e stationary #lades, wit" a net increase in steam velocity

across t"e stage.

$s t"e steam lows t"roug" t"e nole its pressure alls rom inlet pressure to t"e

eits pressure 0atmosp"ere pressure, or more usually, t"e condenser vacuum3. Gue to

t"is "ig"er ratio o epansion o steam in t"e nole #lades is a large portion o t"e

maimum velocity o t"e steam w"en leaving t"e nole. T"e loss o energy due to

t"is "ig"er eit velocity is commonly called t"e Qcarry over velocityR or Qleaving

lossR.

.1.1.2. REACTION TURBINE

T"e reaction tur#ine, t"e rotor #lades t"emselves are arranged to orm convergent

noles. T"is type o tur#ine ma%es use o t"e reaction orce produced as t"e steam

accelerates t"roug" t"e noles ormed #y t"e rotor.


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"ead into %inetic energy wit" t"e "elp o nole, and t"en inally converted into

mec"anical energy #y stri%ing t"e tur#ine #lades.

T"is mec"anical energy is t"en transerred to t"e generator t"roug" a gear #o and

s"at couplings, w"ic" t"en converts it into electrical energy. T"e speed o generator

s"at is dependent on two actorA

re?uency o $C output re?uired

No o poles present is given #y t"e ormula

T"e speed o t"e generator is given #y t"e ormula

N12560P

"ere N is t"e rpm, is t"e re?uency and P is t"e num#er o poles in t"e generator.

Now, or a two pole $C generator t"e valve o N comes out to #e &+++. T"e tur#ine

ied "as a rated rpm o 7*++.

ig.18 or%done in Tur#ine

CHAPTER 7

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CONDENSOR

$ condenser is a "eat ec"anging device, w"ic" ec"ange "eat o t"e steam rom t"e

tur#ine outlet to t"e cooling tower. T"is condensation is do not get maimum energy

output. T"e condensed water and its level are monitored #y ma%eup pumps. T"ese

ma%eup pumps connect to t"e deAmineraliing plant w"ere it treats t"e water and

ma%es it eicient enoug" or use in t"e #oiler. T"e water is t"en passed t"roug"various accessories ied and are used to increase t"e temperature o water to

increase t"e overall cycle eiciency. T"e main purpose o t"e condenser 0vacuum is

increased3 t"e ent"alpy drop o epanding steam will also increase. T"is will

increase t"e availa#le wor% rom t"e tur#ine. =y lowering t"e condenser pressure t"e

ollowing will "appen.

Increased tur#ine output

Increased plant eiciency

:educed steam low

7.1. CONDENSATE SSTEM IN CONDENSER

7.1.1. CONDENSARE E8TRACTION PUMP

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T"e condensate etraction or C;P is a pump to etract t"e condensate rom t"e "ot

well. T"e C;P pumps t"e condensate into t"e e!ector. It "as a rated rpm o &+++.

7.1.2. GLAND STEAM CONDENSER

T"e tur#ine is a device, w"ic" "as #ot" a rotor and a stator. or ree movement o

#ot" some space s"ould #e let out. T"ereore, some space is let out in t"e tur#ine

too. $s t"e continuous supply o steam is maintained t"roug" t"e tur#ine, t"is is a

c"ance o lea%age o t"e steam t"roug" t"e tur#ine.

$tmosp"eric air is on one side o t"e casing and "ig" or lowA pressure steam is on

t"e ot"er side. Fig"A pressure steam eists at one end o t"e tur#ine and steam under

vacuum eists at t"e ot"er end.


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ed into t"e 6P "eater. T"e water entering t"e 6P "eater "as a temperature o around

8+c.

7.1.*. LOWER PRESSURE HEATER

T"e lowA pressure "eater pre"eats t"e water #eore it is ed into t"e desecrator. T"e

steam rom t"e tur#ine etraction pump around 8+c to '+c at t"is "eater ta%es. T"e

wear tu#es rom t"e drain cooler enter "eater t"e #ottom and eist rom t"e top,

w"ic" is reserve in case o steam condensate low. 6P "eater is t"e last around o

"eat etraction #eore eeding into deaerator.

7.1.-. DEAERATOR

T"e "ot water rom t"e 6P "eater enters t"e deaerator or t"e removal o dissolved

gases rom #oiler eed water is an essential process in a steam system. T"e pressure

o dissolved oygen in eed water causes rapid localied corrosion in #oiler tu#es.

Car#on dioide will dissolve in water, resulting in low pF levels and t"e production

o corrosive car#onic acid. pF levels in eed water causes severe acid attac%

t"roug"out t"e #oiler system. "ile dissolved gases and low pF levels in eed water

can #e controlled or remove t"ese gases mec"anically. T"is mec"anical process is

%nown as desecration and will increase t"e lie o a steam system dramatically.

Geaerator is #ased on two scientiic principle can #e descri#ed #y Fenrys law.

Fenrys law asserts t"at gas solu#ility in a solution decreases as t"e gas partial

pressure a#ove t"e solution decrease. T"e second scientiic principle t"at governs

deaerator is t"e relations"ip #etween gas solu#ility and temperature. ;asily

eplained, gas solu#ility in a solution decreases as t"e temperature i t"e solution

rises and approac"es saturation temperature. $ deaerator utilies #ot" o t"ese

natural processes to remove dissolved oygen, car#on dioide, and ot"er nonA

condensa#le gases rom #oiler eed water. T"e eed water is sprayed in t"in ilms

into a steam atmosp"ere allowing it to #ecome ?uic%ly "eated to saturation.


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insuicient deaeration and "ence can create pro#lems or usage in #oiler. T"is water

is t"en suc%ed #y t"e =P to #e ed into t"e #oiler.

7.1.. BOILER FEED PUMP

T"e =P receives water at around *%gcm* and 1*5c temperature. T"is is t"empumped into t"e #oiler at 1*+%gcm* and 1*5C temperature. T"e =P outlet is

ied two #alancing lines, w"ic" #alance t"e pressure in main eed water "eater and

t"e pressure pumped #y =P. T"e rated voltage or =P is 88++ 2 and *978 rpm.

ig.17 Condensor

CHAPTER 15

GENERATOR

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$ generator is a device t"at converts mec"anical energytoelectrical energyor use

in an eternal circuit. T"e source o mec"anical energy may vary widely rom a

"andcran%to an internal com#ustion engine. -enerators provide nearly all o t"e

power or electric power grids.

15.1 SPECIFICATION

:ated parametersB

/aimum continuous D2$ rating *(7 /2$

/aimum continuous D rating *1+ /

:ated Terminal 2oltage 15.75 D2

:ated


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T"e steam in t"e condenser is cooled using water. T"e cooling water is ed into t"e

condenser using C pumps. T"e cooling water is stored in a pool. T"ere is a tower

a#ove t"is pool, w"ic" "as a an wit" #ig #lades. T"ese #lades remove t"e "eat rom

t"e water t"roug" suction. T"e water is cooled in a cycle and stored in a pool. T"e

water is t"en pumped #y t"e C pumps to t"e condenser. T"ere are t"ree C and

t"ree $C 0$uiliary3 pumps. T"e $CP pumps t"e water to a "eader, t"roug"

t"is "eader, t"roug" t"is "eader, t"roug" t"is "eader, t"roug" t"is "eader water is

passed to t"e passed to t"e oil cooler and generator air cooler. T"e "eader o t"e

$CP and CP is connected at a point so t"at w"en any one o t"e pumps is not

wor%ing t"e ot"er pump can supply water to t"e systemS preventing any %ind o

water draug"t in t"e system.

Cooling towers are a very important part o power plant and t"e primary tas% o a

cooling tower is to re!ect "eat into t"e atmosp"ere. T"ey represent a relatively

inepensive and dependa#le means o removing lowAgrade "eat rom cooling water.

T"e ma%eAup water source is used to replenis" water lost to evaporation. Fot water

rom "eat ec"angers is sent to t"e cooling tower. T"e water eits t"e cooling tower

and is sent #ac% to t"e ec"angers or to or urt"er cooling.

11.1. TPES OF COOLING TOWER

Cooling towers all into two main categoriesB A

Natural drat

/ec"anical drat

Typical closed loop cooling tower system is s"own inA

11.1.1. NATURAL DRAFT

Natural drat towers use very large concrete c"imneys to introduce air t"roug" t"e

media. Gue to large sie o t"is towers, t"ey are generally used or water low rates

a#ove (5+++ m"our. T"ese types o towers are used only #y utility power station.

11.1.2. MECHANICAL DRAFT

/ec"anical drat tower utilied large ans to orce or suc% air t"roug" circulated

water. T"e water alls down word over ill suraces, w"ic" "elp increase t"e contact

time #etween t"e water and t"e airA t"is "elp maimie "eat transer #etween t"e

two. Cooling rates o mec"anicaldrat towers depend upon t"eir an diameter and

speed o operation.


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ig.19 Induced Grat Cooling Tower

ig.*+ Natural Cooling Tower

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CHAPTER 12

CONCLUSION

$t t"e end we understand "ow electricity is developed #y #urning o coal, and w"ole

t"e department o power plant is playing very muc" important role or generatingpower. $nd NTPC is one o t"e plant w"ere electricity is generated. $nd I saw all

t"e views o all department o power plant. $nd I come to %now t"at a#out t"e

controlling system o power plant.

Documents

The NTPC Power Plant