The Origin and Growth of Liberalism

RI 2 is essentially the historical narrative/background you could use to explain the evolution of ideology & the emerging conflict between individualism & collectivism (conservative vs liberal, capitalism vs socialism etc.)!!

To what extent is resistance to liberalism justified?

Enlightenment: Absolutism vs Individualism

Ind Rev: laissez faire capitalism vs socialism

Illiberalism: Fascism vs Communism vs liberalism

Cold War (Foreign Policy): Liberal Democracy (individualism) vs Communism (collectivism)

The most effective government is the one that governs the least

2.2 appreciate how citizens and citizenship are impacted by the promotion of ideological principles

2.3 appreciate that individuals and groups may adhere to various ideologies

2.1 appreciate Aboriginal contributions to the development of ideologies

2.4 explore Aboriginal contributions to the development of liberalism

2.5 examine the relationship between the principles of liberalism and the origins of classical liberal thought (John Locke, Montesquieu, Adam Smith,

John Stuart Mill)

classical liberalism

Absolutism / Feudalism

19th Century Liberalism

What is Classical Liberalism? Embraces the principles of individualismRule of lawIndividual rights and freedoms

Private propertyEconomic freedomSelf-interestCompetition

2.6 analyze the impacts of classical liberal thought on 19th century society (laissez-faire capitalism, industrialization, class system, limited government)

What events/concepts demonstrate the bracketed items? laissez-faire capitalism

Industrialization

class system

limited government

classical liberalism

- for that time period

“Liberal” Ideas

Shift Left = ChangeChange = Liberal

CLASSICAL LIBERALISM

Absolutism / Feudalism

Change = Progress/Modernism

2.7 analyze ideologies that developed in response to classical liberalism (classic conservatism, Marxism, socialism, welfare capitalism)

Classical conservatism

Marxism

Socialism

Welfare capitalism

CLASSICALLIBERALISM

Absolutism / Feudalism

Shift Left = ChangeChange = Liberal

SOCIALISM

ModernLiberal

Perspective

CLASSICALConservati

sm

ModernConservativePerspective

L I B E R A L I S M

Shift Left = Liberal

NEW IDEA!! EROLD IDEA!! OLD IDEA

Reactionary

CLASSICALLIBERALISM

SOCIALISM

ModernLiberal

Perspective

CLASSICALConservatis

m

ModernConservativePerspective

L I B E R A L I S M

Reactionary

MARXISM

2.8 analyze the evolution of modern liberalism as a response to classical liberalism (labour standards and unions, universal suffrage, welfare state, protection of human rights, feminism) labour standards and unions

universal suffrage

welfare state

protection of human rights

feminism

19th Century Liberalism

What is Classical Liberalism? Embraces the principles

of individualism

Rule of law Individual rights and freedoms

Private property Economic freedom Self-interest Competition

What is Socialism?

Embraces the principles of collectivism

Collective norms Collective responsibility

Public property Economic equality collective-interest Co-operation

2.9 evaluate ideological systems that rejected principles of liberalism (Communism in the Soviet Union,

fascism in Nazi Germany)

Illiberal Governments: USSR & Nazi Germany

Hitler & Stalin: What is significant?

Rise to power

Illiberal activity (techniques of dictatorship)

“Selling” themselves as liberal

Attacks on Liberalism: Ideological differences between fascism & communism

2.10 analyze how ideological conflict shaped international relations after the Second World War (expansionism, containment, deterrence,

brinkmanship, détente, nonalignment, liberation movements)

What events demonstrate the bracketed items? Expansionism:

Containment:

Deterrence:

The Cold War, 1945 - 1989

What events demonstrate the bracketed items? Brinkmanship:

Détente:

Nonalignment:

Liberation movements:

2.11 analyze perspectives on the imposition of the principles of liberalism (Aboriginal experiences, contemporary

events)

2.12 analyze the extent to which modern liberalism is challenged by alternative thought Aboriginal collective thought,

environmentalism, religious perspectives, neo-conservatism, postmodernism, extremism)

2.13 evaluate the extent to which resistance to the principles of liberalism is justified

A note on the environmental argument/case study...

Environmental concerns are a difficult argument in support of collectivism because there is no real evidence to support it will work... Kyoto – Failed Copenhagen - .....

It could be used to support individualism if you suggest that as collectivism fails, the solution may be a more individualist approach... Private enterprise will develop environmental

technology, as there is a lot of money to be made... We can see this in the auto industry (hybrids)