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The Outbreak of World War I. Leading up to World War I. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism. Militarism. Glorification of the military Leads to increased suspicions between countries & made war more likely Readiness for war came to dominate national policies. Alliances. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Outbreak of World War I
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Leading up to World War I
Glorification of the military
Leads to increased suspicions between countries & made war more likely
Readiness for war came to dominate national policies
Militarism
Distrust amongst great powers leads to alliances
Intended to create powerful combinations that no one would attack
Two main sets of alliances emerge:Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, ItalyTriple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia
Alliances
the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries
Why European focus on Imperialism?EconomicPoliticalCultural
Imperialism
Germany: Proud of new military power & industrial leadership
France: wanted to regain position as Europe’s leading power; sought revenge for “lost provinces”
Russia: promoted idea of Pan-Slavism, felt duty to defend all Slavic people
The Balkans: Rising nationalism creates “powder keg in Europe”
Nationalism
June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary assassinated by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip
“The Spark”
July 28, 1914: Austria declares war on Serbia
August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia
August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France
August 4, 1914: Germany invades Belgium(Schlieffen Plan put in action)Great Britain declares war on Germany
October 28, 1914: Ottoman Empire enters World War I
The war begins
Two Sides in World War IAllied Powers: Central Powers:
Allied Powers
1. More Soldiers2. Greater
Industrial Power
3. Superior Navy
4. 32 countries
Advantages of Each Side
• Central Powers
1. Well-trained Army2. Well equipped Army3. Territory allowed for
rapid troop movement/communication
World Leaders during WWI
Nicholas II [Rus]
George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied Powers:
Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Central Powers:
Enver Pasha[O.E.]
German plan to attack France by invading Belgium
Goal was to achieve quick victory against France, avoid fighting a war on two fronts
The Schlieffen Plan
Austria-Hungary wanted to punish Serbia
Germany wanted to stand strong behind its ally
Russia saw an attempt to oppress Slavic people
France feared facing Germany alone later on
Great Britain felt compelled to protect Belgium
How the war escalated
A New Kind of Conflict
September 5, 1914Allies block German offensiveGermans forced to retreat
1st Battle of the Marne (Western Front)
Outcome:1.German plan for
quick victory ruined2.War turns into a
stalemate3.Trench warfare
begins
Trench warfare
Trench warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Life in the trenches
Life in the trenches
Trench Foot
February 21 – December 18, 1916Germans launch offensive against the
FrenchOne of longest & most devastating
battlesMore than 500,000 dead
Battle of Verdun
Battle begins July 1, 1916Allied offensive against
GermanyOne of the largest &
bloodiest battles of World War I
Over 1 million troops killed
Battle of the Somme
Machine Gun
Improved Artillery
Weapons of World War I
Poison Gas
Victim of a gas attack
Tanks
U-boats
Airplanes
Zeppelins
Russia suffers from major shortagesFood, clothing, weapons, ammunition
Allies could not ship suppliesBlockade by Central Powers
Russia suffers major casualties
The Eastern Front
