The Parotid Temporal Regions E-learning

8/2/2019 The Parotid Temporal Regions E-learning

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The Parotid & Temporal Region

edited by :

C.W.TSuliman Qaralleh


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Parotid Region

Extends between:

the ramous of the mandible

anteriorly

&

the mastoid process

posteriorly

Contains:Parotid Gland

&

Str. Inside it


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Structures Within Parotid Gland

1. Superficial:

Facial n. & its

terminal branches

2. Middle:

Retromandibular V.

& the terminal part of

superficial temporaland maxillary veins


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Parotid Gland

Largest S. G.

Wedge-shaped gland:

Base:inferior-posteriorly

to the zygomatic archApex: inferiorly to the

neck of the mandible

Covered by C.T. sheath

(parotid capsule)

derived frominvesting

layer of deep cervical fascia

* P. gland is Divided by Facial n. into superficial & deep parts


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Processes of The Parotid Gland

Extensions of parotid tissue into certain regions

Glenoid Process:upward to into the posteriorpart of the mandibular fossa

Pterygoid process:

forward deeply betweenthe ramous of the mandible

and the medial pterygoid muscle

Facial processforward superficiallyover the masseter muscle


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Accessory part of parotid gland:

a small part of facial process

that separates from the main

gland


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Relations To Parotid Gland

Superficial (lat.):

Parotid fascia

Great auricular n.

Skin

Superior:

EAM

TMJ


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Parotid Duct (Stensen's duct)

- Pass ant. & horizontal over the masseter m. & belowto the zygomatic arch

- At ant. Border of masseter:

pierces buccinator m. to enter the oral cavity

- Opens into oral cavity opposite to the upper secondmolar

Accessory Parotid Duct drains into its own small duct which

opens into main duct (Stinsons duct)


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The external carotid artery (ECA) will provide blood supply to the

parotid tissue, the vein is the retromandibular vein so it will provide

the drainage to it , the sensation over the parotid gland come from thegreat auricular nerve and it takes from the glossopharyngeal nerve

(IX) for secretion which is the lesser petrosal nerve

Read Your Text For additional Blood Supply, Innervation & Lymph

Drainage of Parotid Gland


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Clinical: Mumps

A viral infection to parotid gland causing swelling & pain

Pain is due to swelling within tight parotid fascia (p. capsule)

Pain is worse during chewing because the gland is compressed

between the ramous of the mandible and the mastoid processWhen the mouth is opened

Parotid duct may also become obstructed with stones (calculi)& cause a painful swelling


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Parotidectomy

Surgical removal of the parotid gland

Most common cause: cancer

* 80% of salivary gland tumors occur in Parotid g.

Risks of surgery:

1. Facial n. (VII)

2. ECA

3. Retromandibular vein

*Important step in Parotidectomy:

Identification, isolation, and preservation of those structures


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The Temporal Region

The region that situated on the side of the head

Boundaries:

Sup.& post.:

sup. Temporal line

Ant.:

frontal process of

zygomatic bone

Inf.:zygomatic arch

*continues inf. & deep to zyg. Arch with

infratemporal region


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Contents of Temporal Region1. Temporalis m.

largest muscle of mastication

Originates from the whole floor of thetemporal region

insertion into the coronoid process ofthe mandible and the anterior border ofthe ramous

innervated by two nerves we name themthe temporal nerves coming from theanterior division of the mandibularnerve

action elevation (the anterior part of it)and retraction (the posterior part of it)

2. Temporal fascia: deep fascia coveringthe muscle and its attached ascontinuation of the epicranialaponeurosis laterally

3. Deep temporal a. origin from themaxillary a.

& nerves ( the same as arteries )


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4. Superficial Temporal a. & v.:

pass posterior to the TMJ

5. Auriculotemporal nerve:

fromthe posterior division ofmandibular nerve

pass posterior to superficialtemporal vessels

it gives sensation over thetemporal region


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Q1. What is (are) the cutaneous innervation of the skin over theparotid region?

Q2. What muscles control her whistling?

Q3. What is the connection between the right side facial weakness

& the parotid swelling?

Q4. What is the diagnosis?

Q5. What is the treatment?

Q6. What is (are) the structure(s) that may be endangered of suchkind of treatment?

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The Parotid Temporal Regions E-learning