The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

● The Periodic Table is a tool used to organizeinformation about the elements

Developing the Periodic Table

● Dimitri Mendeleev• first scientist to notice the

relationship between the elements● Arranged his periodic table by

atomic mass

Developing the Periodic Table

● In 1913: Henry Moseley reagendedthe elements by atomic number, not atomic mass

Organization and Structure of the Periodic Table

1

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Atomic Number = Number of protons

in the nucleus

Atomic Mass = Number of

protons plus neutrons

ElementalSymbol

•Each box on the Periodic Table contains information about the structure of an element

•The boxes for all the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number

Organization and Structure of the Periodic Table

Column = Group or Family

18 columns on the Periodic Table

Row = Period

7 rows on the Periodic Table

Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Metals

● Left side● Properties of metals:

● Hard● Shiny● Malleable● Ductile● Good conductors of heat and electricity

Nonmetals ● right side

● Properties of nonmetals:● Dull● Brittle● Poor conductors of heat and

electricity● Many are gas at room

temperature

Metalloids● stair-step line● Have properties of both metals and nonmetals ● Properties of metalloids:

● Semiconductors ● Solid at room

temperature ● Brittle● Hard

Families of the Periodic Table

Families on the Periodic Table

● Elements on the periodic table are grouped into families based on their chemical properties

● Each family has a specific name● Elements in the same family contain the

same number of electrons in their outer energy levels

ALKALI METALSGroup 1● BE CAREFUL! Hydrogen is not

a member, it is a non-metal● Includes: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr● All Metals ● All solid at room temperature● Soft and silvery, shiny● Very reactive, especially with

water● Conduct electricity

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 2● Includes: Be, Mg, Ca,

Sr, Ba, Ra● All Metals● Solids at room

temperature● White, silvery, and

malleable● Reactive, but less

than Alkali metals● Conduct electricity

BORON FAMILY Group 13● Includes: B, Al, Ga,

In, Ti, Uut● Solid at room

temperature● Most are Metals

● 1 Metalloid (Boron)

● Reactive

CARBON FAMILY Group 14● Includes: C, Si, Ge,

Sn, Pb, Uuq● Contains 3 metals,

2 metalloids, and 1 non-metal Carbon (C)

● Reactivity varies● Solids at room

temp

NITROGEN FAMILYGroup 15● Includes: N, P, As, Sb, Bi,

Uup● Contains 2 metals, 2

metalloids, and 2 non-metals

● Reactivity varies● Nitrogen is the only gas

at room temperature, rest are solids

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16● Includes: O, S, Se, Te,

Po, Uuh● Contains 1 metal, 2

metalloids, and 3 nonmetals

● Reactive● Oxygen is a gas, the

rest are solids at room temperature

HalogensGroup 17● Includes: F, Cl, Br, I, At,

Uus● 4 Nonmetals, 1

metalloid, Uus is unknown

● Very reactive

● Has 2 gases, 1 liquid (Br), and 3 solids

Noble GasesGroup 8● Includes: He, Ne, Ar,

Kr, Xe, Rn, Uuo● All Exist as gases● All Nonmetals● Helium (He) has only

2 electrons in the outer shell = Full

● Not reactive with other elements

TRANSITION METALS● All Metals● Almost all are solids

at room temperature (Hg is liquid)

● Good conductors of heat and electricity

● Less Reactive than Alkali and Alkaline Earth

Rare Earth Metals● Some are

Radioactive● The Rare Earths

are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals

● Conduct electricity

● Also called Lanthanide and Actinide Series