3/14/2019

1

The Periodic Table

• Most elements are metals and occur on the left side.

• The nonmetals appear on the right side.

• Metalloids (semimetals) are elements that have some metallic and some nonmetallic properties.

The Periodic Table

1

2

3/14/2019

2

Common Names of Groups (Families)

3

4

3/14/2019

3

Each element has its own unique symbol. One or two letter symbols are used to represent elements. Most of the time, the symbol is derived from the name of the element. The first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is always a lower case.

Examples: C is the symbol for carbonCr is the symbol for chromium

Element Symbols

Copper: The origin of the name comes from the Latin

word cuprum meaning the island of Cyprus famed for its

copper mines

Iron: The origin of the name comes from the Latin

word ferrum meaning iron.

The Periodic Table and the Elements

• What is the periodic table ?

• What information is obtained from the table ?

• How can elemental properties be predicted base on the PT ?

• Different periodic tables can include various bits of information, but usually:– atomic number– symbol– atomic mass– number of valence

electrons– state of matter at

room temperature.

5

6

3/14/2019

4

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)

Mendeleev proposed that the properties of the chemical elements repeat at regular intervals when arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.

Mendeleev is the architect of the modernperiodic table.

He arranged hisperiodic table incolumns by theformula of theelement’s oxide.

Chemistry Connection: Dmitri Mendeleev

• Dmitri Mendeleev was born in Siberia in 1834 as the youngest of 14 to 17 children.

• He was a student and professor at the University of St. Petersburg.

• Based on periodic trends, Mendeleev predicted the existence of three elements (gallium, scandium, and germanium) before they were discovered.

• He narrowly missed beingawarded the Nobel Prizein 1906.

7

8

3/14/2019

5

1

H1.01

3

Li6.94

11

Na22.99

19

K39.10

37

Rb85.47

55

Cs132.91

87

Fr(223)

4

Be9.01

12

Mg24.31

20

Ca40.08

38

Sr87.62

56

Ba137.33

88

Ra(226)

21

Sc44.96

39

Y88.91

57

La138.91

89

Ac(227)

22

Ti47.88

40

Zr91.22

72

Hf178.49

104

Rf(261)

23

V50.94

41

Nb92.91

73

Ta180.95

24

Cr52.00

42

Mo95.94

74

W183.85

25

Mn54.94

43

Tc(99)

75

Re186.21

26

Fe55.85

44

Ru101.07

76

Os190.2

27

Co58.93

45

Rh102.91

77

Ir192.22

28

Ni58.69

46

Pd106.42

78

Pt195.08

29

Cu63.55

47

Ag107.87

79

Au196.97

30

Zn65.39

48

Cd112.41

80

Hg200.59

5

B10.81

13

Al26.98

31

Ga69.72

49

In114.82

81

Tl204.38

6

C12.01

14

Si28.09

32

Ge72.61

50

Sn118.71

82

Pb207.2

7

N14.01

15

P30.97

33

As74.92

51

Sb121.75

83

Bi208.98

8

O16.00

16

S32.07

34

Se78.96

52

Te127.60

84

Po(209)

9

F19.00

17

Cl35.45

35

Br79.90

53

I126.90

10

Ne20.18

18

Ar39.95

36

Kr83.80

54

Xe131.29

2

He4.00

58

Ce140.12

59

Pr140.91

60

Nd144.24

61

Pm(147)

62

Sm150.36

63

Eu151.97

64

Gd157.25

65

Tb158.93

66

Dy162.50

67

Ho164.93

68

Er167.26

69

Tm168.93

70

Yb173.04

71

Lu174.97

85

At(210)

86

Rn(222)

90

Th(232)

91

Pa(231)

92

U(238)

93

Np(237)

94

Pu(244)

95

Am(243)

96

Cm(247)

97

Bk(247)

98

Cf(251)

99

Es(252)

100

Fm(257)

101

Md(258)

102

No(259)

103

Lr(260)

105

Db(262)

106

Sg(263)

107

Bh(262)

108

Hs(265)

109

Mt(266)

110

Ds(271)

111

Rg(272)

112

--(277)

114

--(285)

116

--(289)

1IA

2IIA

3IIIB

4IVB

5VB

6VIB

7VIIB

8VIII

9VIII

10VIII

11IB

12IIB

13IIIA

14IVA

15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

18VIIIA

Groups and Periods of Elements

• A vertical column on the periodic table is a group or family of elements.

• A horizontal row on the periodic table is a period or series of elements.

• There are 18 groups and seven periods on the periodic table.

→

→

→

→

→→ →→

• • •

→

→

→

→

→

→

→

→

→

→

Common Names of Groups (Families)

Several families have common trivial names.

• Group I are the alkali metals.

• Group II are the alkaline earth metals.

• Group VII (17) are the halogens.

• Group VIII (18) are the noble gases.

9

10

3/14/2019

6

The Periodic Table-atomic radius

Li F

Which is larger: a lithium atom or a fluorine atom?

A. A lithium atom

B. A fluorine atom

C. There is no way to tell without memorizing the periodic table.

The Periodic Table

CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR

11

12

3/14/2019

7

As

S

Which is larger: an arsenic atom or a sulfur atom?

A. An arsenic atom

B. A sulfur atom

C. There is no way to tell without memorizing the periodic table.

The Periodic Table

CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR

13