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The Permanent Canines,
Maxillary and Mandibular
Dr Preeti Sharma
Reader
Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
The four canines are placed at the four
corners of the mouth.
They are the longest teeth in the mouth.
The middle labial lobes are developed
incisally into strong well-formed cusps.
Because of labiolingual thickness of crown
and root and anchorage in alveolar process of
jaws, these are most stable in the mouth.
Crown shape promotes cleanliness.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
The position and form of teeth and bony
portion on the labial surface of teeth called
canine eminence has a cosmetic value.
Ensures normal facial expressions at corners
of mouth.
They support laterals and premolars in
function.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Maxillary canine
The labial and lingual outline is a series of curves
except for the angle made by the tip of cusp. The cusp
has a mesioincisal and distoincisal ridge.
From labial view, the mesial half of the crown
resembles incisor and distal half premolar.
The tooth is wider labiolingually to offset the
directional lines of forces.
Labiolingually 1mm wider than central incisor and
mesiodistally 1mm narrower.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Cingulum shows greater development than
that of central incisor.
The root is thick labiolingually, with
developmental depressions mesially and
distally for better anchorage.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Labial Aspect
The crown is narrower than central incisor.
The cervical line is convex labially, with convexity
towards root portion.
Mesially, crown is convex from cervix to center of
mesial contact area with slight concavity above the
contact area. Contact area is at junction of incisal and
middle thirds.
Distally, the outline is concave between cervical line
and distal contact area (center of middle third of
crown).
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
The cusp tip is on line with the center of root.
The cusp has mesial (shorter) and distal
slopes.
On labial surface shallow depressions are
found that forms three labial lobes.
The middle lobe shows greater development
which produces a ridge on the labial surface of
crown. All areas mesial to this ridge exhibit
convexity except for some insignificant
development lines in enamel.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
The root looks conical in form with a bluntly
pointed apex.
A sharp curve may be seen in the apical third,
mostly distally.
The surface of root is smooth and convex at
all points.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Lingual Aspect
The crown and root are narrower lingually than
labially.
The cervical line shows a more even curvature.
The cingulum is large and may be pointed like small
cusp.
Definite ridges may be found cervical to cingulum.
Well developed ridge may be seen which is
confluent with the cusp tip.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Mesial and distal lingual fossae may also be
seen.
Lingual portion of root is also narrower than
labial.
Lingual ridge of root is narrow but smooth and
convex.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Mesial Aspect
The outline is wedge shaped, greatest
measurement at the cervical third.
Crest of curvature is found at a level more
incisal.
Labial outline exhibits more convexity from
cervical line to the cusp tip than maxillary
central incisor.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Lingual outline is a convex line describing the
cingulum which straightens out as thye middle third
is reached and becomes convex again at the incisal
third.
Flattened area labially at cervical third of crown.
The cervical line curves towards the cusp, an
average 2.5mm.
The mesial surface of root appears broad, with a
shallow developmental depression for part of the
root length.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Distal Aspect
Is somewhat the same except that:
i. Cervical line exhibits less curvature towards cusp
ridge.
ii. DMR is heavier and more irregular in outline.
iii. Surface more concave usually above the contact
area.
iv. Developmental depression is more pronounced.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Incisal Aspect
Labiolingual dimension is greater than the
mesiodistal.
Tip of cusp is just labial to center of the
crown labiolingually and mesial to the center
mesiodistally.
Crown gives the impression of having all of
distal portion stretched to make contact with
first premolar.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
A line bisecting the cusp and cusp ridges
drawn in the mesiodistal direction is almost
always straight and bisects the short arcs
representative of the mesial and distal contact
areas.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Mandibular Canine
Crown is narrower mesiodistally than
maxillary. Though it is just as long mostly.
Root is usually somewhat shorter.
Cusp is not as well developed.
Cusp ridges are thinner labiolingually.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Labial Aspect
Mesiodistal dimension lesser by about 1mm.
Crown appears longer.
Mesial outline of crown is nearly straight with
that of root.
Mesial contact area is near the mesioincisal
angle.
DCA more incisal than maxillary canine.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Lingual Aspect
Lingual surface is flatter.
Cingulum smooth and poorly developed.
Marginal ridges less distinct.
Lingual portion of root is narrower.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Mesial Aspect
Less curvature labially on the crown with very little
curvature directly above the cervical line (as a rule
less than .5 mm).
Cingulum not as pronounced.
Incisal portion of crown thinner labiolingually
therefore cusp appears more pointed.
Cervical line curves more towards incisal portion.
Developmental depression on root is more
pronounced and sometimes quite deep.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
Incisal Aspect
Mesiodistal dimension is less than
Labiolingual dimension but the outline of
mesial surface is less curved.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU
REFERENCES
Wheeler’s. Textbook of Dental Anatomy,
Physiology and occlusion. Ninth edition.
Dr. Preeti Sharma, Subharti Dental College, SVSU