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The Persuasive Interview
Chapter 10
COMM 3420
5 Conditions for Persuasion
• Your proposal must create or address an urgent need or one or more desires or motives.
• Your proposal and you as persuader must be consistent with the interviewee’s beliefs, attitudes, and values.
5 Conditions for Persuasion
• Your proposal must be feasible, workable, practical, or affordable.
• Your proposal’s benefits must outweigh objections.
• No better course of action is available.
Analyzing the Interviewee
• Physical and Mental Characteristics–Carefully ask questions
–Avoid Stereotyping
Analyzing the Interviewee
• Socioeconomic Background–Consider memberships–Culture
• Values–Survival–Social–Success–Independence–Progress
Analyzing the Interviewee
– Beliefs• Values are the foundations of our belief
system
– Attitudes• Predictive power• Know what is possible, likely and
impossible (Social Judgment Theory)• Low credibility reduces persuasion• Similarities enhance interests and
attention
Traits and States
Reward
Slap on the Wrist
$500 Fine
5 years in prison
20 years in prison
Life with parole
Life without parole
Death
Death by torture
Latitude of Rejection
Non-commitment
XLatitude
of Acceptance
Lat. OfRejection
Latitude of Rejection
Non-commitment
Lat. OfRejection
X
Latitudeof Acceptance
Sylvia Paul
Researching the Issue
• Be the best informed, most authoritative person in each interview
• Investigate all aspects of the topic, including events that may contribute to the problem
Researching the Issue
• Types of Evidence–Examples: factual and hypothetical–Statistics on relevant areas–Statements from acknowledged
authorities… testimonials–Comparisons and contrasts
between situations
Planning the Interview
• Selecting strategies:– Identification Theory
• Consubstantiality• Mirroring
– Balance or Consistency Theory• Cognitive dissonance
– Inoculation Theory• Set up a straw man
– Induced Compliance Theory• Argue the negative—they argue the positive.• Foot in the door strategy
– Psychological Reactance Theory• Scarcity• Restrict their freedom to accept your
proposal
Planning the Interview
• Developing the Main points– Do not rely on a single reason or
point– Too many points may overload the
interviewee with information.– Do not go to your next point until
there is some kind of agreement.– Know the strength of each point and
introduce it strategically
Structuring the Interview
• Opening the Interview– Design your opening to gain attention, establish
rapport, and motivate the interviewee– Adapt the opening to each interviewee and
setting– Don’t rush, but don’t waste time.– Involve the interviewee from the start
so as to foster an active role throughout the interaction
• Not the sage on the stage but the guide on the side…
Structuring the Interview
• Body of the interview1.Create/discover a Need or
Desire• Develop one point at a
time.• Encourage interaction and
interviewee involvement
Structuring the Interview
2. Get information– Discover new information that will
help you determine what is best for the interviewee and how you can best persuade
Structuring the Interview
3. Presenting the Solution– Details and Evaluation– If there are more than one
solution, deal with them one at a time
– Help interviewees make decisions that are best for them at this time
Structuring the Interview
• Closing the Interview
– Summary– Elimination of objection– Either-or– Think it over– Sense of urgency– Price close
Conducting the Interview
• Types of Interviewees– The indecisive– Hostile
• Yes-but• Yes-Yes• Implicate approach
– Close-minded and Authoritarian• Facts are not enough
– Shopping-Around• Inoculation theory
– Intelligent and Educated• Least persuadable• Demand support for all ideas
Conducting the Interview
• Using Questions– Information-Gathering Questions
• Interviewee’s background, needs, values, beliefs, attitudes
– Verification Questions– Encouraging Interaction Questions– Attention and Interest Questions– Agreement Questions
• To obtain small agreements that will lead to larger ones
Conducting the Interview
• Handling Objections– Do not assume
there are no objections just because the interviewee does not raise questions
Conducting the Interview
–Some common objections to persuasive interviews are:•Procrastination•Money•Tradition•Uncertain future•Need
Conducting the Interview
• Minimize the Objection–Minimize the objection by restating it to seem less important or by comparing it to other weightier matters
–Provide evidence to lessen impact of objection
Conducting the Interview
• Capitalize on the Objection–Use the objection to clarify
your own points: –review the proposal’s
advantages, –offer more evidence, –isolate the motive behind the
objection
Conducting the Interview
• Deny the objection–Directly or
indirectly deny an objection by offering new and more accurate information.
Conducting the Interview
• Confirm the objection–Confirm the objection by agreeing with the interviewee