The pharynxThe

pharynx

Anatomy of The pharynx Site

Midline of the neckFrom skull base to esophagusIn front of upper 6 Cervical vertebra

Behind :The Nose

The MouthThe larynx

Seen from behind

Shape

Irregular Fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane

Length: 15 cm

Relation

Anterior

surface of the

pharynx

the pharynxCompartments

• Nasopharynx• Oropharynx• Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx)

Seen from behind

• Nasopharynx• Oropharynx• Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx)

Seen from lateral

Muscles of the pharynx

• Circular muscles: Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles.• Longitudinal muscles:

stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus

• All muscles of the pharynx innerveated by cranial root of accessory nerve except stylopharyngeus which is supplied by glossopharyngeus nerve

Extention

Three constrictor

cricopharyngeus

stylopharyngeus

Nasopharynx -Behind the nasal cavity-Extends from skull Base superiorly to the soft palate inferiorly- Communicates

inferiorly with the oropharynx through the pharyngeal isthmus

- The nasopharyngeal tonsil lies in the roof

- The pharyngeal opening of ET lies in the lateral wall

Nasopharynx (important landmarks)

• The pharyngeal isthmus• Opening of auditory tube

and tubal elevation• The salpingopharyngeal

fold

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx Behind the oral cavity (in front

of 2nd&3rd Cervical vertebra)From the soft palate superiorly

to tip of epiglottis inferiorly

Communicates: Anteriorly with the oral cavity Superiorly with the

nasopharynx Inferiorly with the

laryngopharynxThe paatine tonsils lie laterallybetween the anterior and

posteriorpilars

Oropharynx (lateral wall)

• Median epiglottis fold vallecula lateral epiglottis fold

The floor

laryngopharynx Behind the Larynx (in front of

3rd to 6th Cervical vertebra)

From the tip of epiglottis superiorly to

the lower border of cricoid cartilage

Inferiorly

Communicates:- Anteriorly with the Larynx- Superiorly with the

oropharynx- Inferiorly with the

esophagus

The hypopharynx does not only

lie behind the larynx BUT also

Projects laterally on each side of the larynx

So it is formed of :- Postcricoid region

( behind the larynx)- Two pyriform fossa (on

each side of the larynx

Seen from behind

Cross section

laryngopharynx

Blood supply

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

The lymphoid tissue in the

pharyngeal aponeurosisaggregates in some areasforming tonsils:1-one nasopharyngeal

tonsil2- two palatine tonsils3- two lingual tonsils4-two tubal tonsils

Lymph drainag

e

Nerve suppl

y

Nerve SupplyMotor ---► XI Except : Stylopharyngeus --►IX

Sensory --►- Nasopharynx: V- Oropharynx: IX- Laryngopharynx: X Autonomic:- sympathetic: SCG- Parasympathetic: through VII

Palatine tonsils1.Defintion2.Site3.Covering4.Variability in size5.Blood supply6.Lymph drainage

The anterior pillar formed by

palatoglossus muscleThe posterior pillar formed

By palatopharyngeus mThe tonsils lie between the

Two pillars