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INDEX
AAbsorbed performance, 35Abstraction, 31, 35, 136, 137, 178Academic tenacity, 9, 78, 79, 179Acculturation, 7Adaptation/adaptational aims, 11, 24,
37, 48, 51, 145Adler, Alfred, 6, 58, 103, 117, 126,
146, 147, 191Adolescent egocentrism, 6Adversity, 56, 61, 114, 115Affect
-laden affinity, 83, 85, 99neuroscience, 9, 16transformation, 152
Affective neuroscience, 16, 168Affirming responses, 70, 75, 99Agency/agentic, 4, 24, 48, 53, 54, 58,
60, 126, 131, 151, 157, 159,165, 166, 190, 192
Alienation, 133, 146, 185Allon, 143, 144, 146, 153, 174, 175,
184, 185Allport, Gordon, 136, 139, 140, 141America, 177, 188Anxiety
disintegrative, 56feelings of, 4
frustration and, 3low-grade of, 127
Approach orientation, 59,60, 141
Appropriation (ownership) of thenew, 125, 140
Arendt, Hannah, 4Aristotle, 24, 189, 190Asia, 187At-homeness, 153Atomism, 131Attachment
emotional, 92mother-infant, 168social, 169
Attention/attentivenessand concentration, 73and involvement, 84, 87issues, 16practice of teaching, 180
Attestation, 185Attitudinal component of learning, 26Attrition, 82Authentic learning, 36–37, 39,
77, 121Autonoetic consciousness, 173Autonomous creativity, 117Awe, 195
© The Author(s) 2017E.M. DeRobertis, The Phenomenology of Learning and Becoming,DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-95204-5
219
BBandura, Albert, 41, 44, 58, 156Basic confidence, 56, 58Becoming, 1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 13–16, 20,
24, 25, 27, 37–40, 42, 44–45, 48,52, 54, 57, 59–61, 65–80, 81–85,87, 89–91, 93, 95–97, 101,105–109, 113–115, 118–119,121–122, 123–153, 156, 164,168–173, 178, 182, 184,187–189, 191–192
Behaviorism, 20, 156Believing recognition, 183Belonging
interpersonal, 61sense of, 43, 78, 98, 126, 127, 140
Biological factors in learning, 7Bipolar existential realities, 151Bodily resonation, 125, 139Body
human, 25, 26, 107, 111language, 125of literature, 28meanings, 26, 30, 38, 139, 157network of, 9
Body-meanings, 22, 26, 30, 38,139, 157
Bondingempathic, 79function of, 55
Bowlby, John, 4Bracketing, 44, 45Brain
activity, 158based education, 181, 194conceptualization of, 170creation steps, 160function of, 161, 169, 172network of, 9
Bruner, Jerome, 188, 192Buber, Martin, 134Bühler, C. M., 77, 97, 138, 151
CCacioppo, John, 168, 171Calculative thought, 34Care/caring
dedicated, 105genuine, 7mutual, 70, 75parental, 8reliable, 56
Cartesian/cartesianism, 69, 72,131, 136
Causality, 159, 162, 163Challenge
cultural, 151developmental, 14environmental, 82and involvement, 104, 117students life, 128, 182
Changehuman, 107interruptive, 53natural, 107personal, 38, 42in psychotherapy, 42
Changing needs, 79, 80, 104Chiao, Joan, 171, 172China, 149, 186Choice, 47, 57, 97, 108, 162,
164–166, 190Classroom climate, 193, 194Co-constitution, 25, 27, 120Co-emotionality, 69, 72Co-regulation in learning, 118,
168, 192Cognition, 7, 9, 32, 125, 163, 166,
173, 183Cognitive/cognitivist
computational, 156social, 16, 170traditional, 31, 32
Colazzi, Paul, 13Collaboration, 6, 61, 132, 194
220 INDEX
Collaborative creativity, 117Collectivism/collectivist culture, 133,
149, 172College, 14, 45, 49, 67, 78, 80,
81–101, 179, 182, 188Communal experience, 90Communication, 60, 67, 84, 88, 127,
159, 169, 172, 194Communities of practice, 193Community, 38, 58, 70, 72, 74, 75,
78, 90, 129, 180, 191, 193, 194Community emphasis, 90Community feeling, 58, 191Competence, 9, 33, 43, 48, 51, 54,
59, 61, 126, 128, 140, 141Completion
incomplete, 148, 185temporary, 59, 127
Computational thinking/computationalism, 35, 36
Confidencelearning, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 59,
62, 77, 138personal, 70, 75self-, 8, 13, 40, 41, 44, 53, 63, 141
Configurationexperiential, 26structural, 124
Connectedness, 43, 132, 151Conscientiousness, 78Consciousness
activity of, 45child’s, 55leaners, 77pre-adult, 5self-, 110
Consent, 57, 68, 138Consumerism, 6Contemporary teacher, 191Context (in learning), 7, 53, 61, 84,
88, 91, 99, 151Cooperation, 6, 58, 77, 173, 191
Corporeal orientation, 26Counseling, 13, 41, 62Creative design, 97Creative élan, 129, 130, 133, 144,
153, 175Creative expansion, 77, 100, 129Creative experience, 101, 103–122,
130, 131, 132, 133, 143, 144Creative fidelity, 195Creative learning, 101, 173Creative power, 2, 11, 12, 15, 23,
58, 146Creativity
childhood, 103, 121collaborative, 117learning and, 120, 132, 143–146,
148, 152, 153, 173, 192monologal, 116paradigmatic, 106–113, 114, 120,
121, 122, 130, 132, 185Critical pedagogy, 191Critical thinking, 182, 187, 194Cross-cultural perspective, 16, 123,
148–150Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 15,
104, 191Cultural neuroscience, 16, 171, 172Culture
concerning, 146–153foreign, 149formation, 16human, 7, 180rejection of, 133Western, 174
Curiosity, 8, 111, 195
DDamasio, Antonio, 9, 167, 170Dedicated mother, 4, 56Dedication, 84, 87, 100, 128, 145,
182, 185
INDEX 221
Dependency, 4, 60Dependent state, 3DeRobertis, Eugene, 1, 4, 6–9, 12, 15,
16, 19, 55, 62, 79, 123, 129,136–138, 140–142, 145, 147,151, 166, 172, 173
Descriptionadult, 15participant, 47structural, 14, 21, 45, 47, 68, 69,
82, 83, 90, 98, 106Descriptive phenomenological
method, 1, 17Despair, 56, 59, 131Determinism, 23, 159Developmental perspective, 8, 15, 123Devotion, 56, 108Dewey, John, 2, 178Dialogal alignment, 59, 60, 126, 128,
140, 141, 152, 168, 185, 187Dialogal creativity, 116Dialogal perspective, 4–7, 39, 59, 60,
101, 116, 119, 121, 126, 128,140–142, 148, 152, 168, 185,187, 191, 195
Dialogue, 26, 90, 100, 101, 125, 129,132, 139, 146, 148, 152, 157,183, 184, 185, 194
Differentiated form, 31, 58Differentiation, 5, 119, 137–139,
142–143, 146, 150, 152, 174Disclosure, 24, 25, 61, 123, 125, 128,
138, 144, 150, 168Disconnect, 35, 57, 60, 76, 146Discovery
creation vs., 149creative, 58, 129personal, 27self-, 107, 110, 119, 120, 122, 130,
143–144, 194Disintegration, 124, 151, 152Distanciation, 57, 138
Divergent thought, 11, 120, 121, 143,149, 150, 152, 179
Dopaminergic activity, 184Dreyfus, Hubert, 13, 19, 20, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 120, 156Dreyfus, Stuart, 13, 19, 20, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 120, 156Dualism, 23, 171Dynamic systems neuroscience, 16, 159
EEbbinghaus, Hermann, 28Edleman, Gerald, 159Education
formal, 14, 17, 90, 91, 128,186, 194
higher, 14, 38, 100, 179, 180,181, 192
holistic, 2positive, 189progressive, 2traditional, 194Western, 188
Educatorseasoned, 181social role, 182student vs., 14, 66–70, 77–79, 82,
84, 85, 89, 91, 93, 96, 99Efficacy, 41, 58, 70, 75, 140Ego, 3, 37, 69, 72, 93, 100, 107, 110,
111, 128, 130, 142, 150, 151Egocentric/egoic, 5, 145, 189Eidetic, 19, 42, 46, 119, 177Eliot, T. S., 134Embellishment, 90, 129, 143, 175Embodied/embodiment, 8, 25, 26,
31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 69, 72, 125,127, 139, 140, 158, 166, 167,168, 170, 195
Empathic contact, 42Empathy, 43, 167, 170, 174
222 INDEX
Empiricism, 136, 178Empowering/empowerment, 44, 56,
60, 70, 75, 126, 176, 183Enaction/enactive perspective, 160Enactive neuroscience, 16Encouragement, 41, 58, 61, 104,
118, 193Enculturation, 7, 133, 134, 182Endogenic, 171Energy
mental, 34positive, 189productive, 107, 112
Engagement/engagingcognitive, 100marked, 70, 74student, 16, 100, 179, 180
Enjoyable/enjoyment, 70, 73, 77, 85,89, 95, 99, 100, 128, 184
Enriching/enrichment, 128, 142, 150Enthusiasm, 12, 14, 62, 66, 67,
69, 72, 77, 79, 91, 92, 94,127, 184
Epigenetic, 161, 171Epistemology, 2, 156Epoché, 45, 68Equalized centering, 145Erikson, Erkison, 4, 117Ethics/ethical development, 7,
137, 178Ethnocentrism, 4, 18Eustress, 117Evolution, 3, 7, 10, 12, 60, 95, 130,
133, 142, 147, 155, 184, 189Evolutionary psychology, 10Excitement, 9, 14, 69, 72, 90, 92, 93,
108, 129Executive functioning, 165, 166Existence
animal, 11communal, 147human, 1–18, 135, 184
Existential-humanistic self-development theory, 15
Existential learning theory, 156Existential neuroscience, 16Experiaction, 130, 131, 137,
138, 147, 155, 173,177, 185, 192
Experience/experientialchild, 70, 74, 75, 107, 111creative, 101, 103–122, 130–133,
143–144educational, 103learner, 34, 84, 86lived, 21, 66, 68, 141, 192multicultural, 149participants, 44, 45, 46, 79,
115, 116personal, 45, 86, 105, 120, 169
Explication, 21, 31, 40, 47, 48, 53,67, 68, 70, 82, 85, 91,106, 108
Expressive dialogue, 125, 139
FFad (educational), 181, 189Faith, 60, 90, 91, 94, 126, 129, 140,
183, 184, 190Fantasy, 8, 121, 144, 185Feedback
affirming, 128, 142positive, 48, 50, 51, 54, 59, 70, 75teacher, 70, 75
Feeling, 26, 58, 60, 61, 62, 93, 99,108, 109, 111, 113, 125, 131,134, 140, 167, 168,182, 191
Felt/lived experience, 21, 66, 68,141, 192
Fidelity, 9, 175, 195
INDEX 223
Field (interpersonal learning), 4, 5, 8,15, 23–26, 29, 31, 35, 39, 48–49,53–54, 56, 60–61, 65–66, 76,91–92, 101, 104–105, 113,115–134, 139–145, 150, 152,155, 157, 161, 168, 170–174,182–185, 191–192, 195
Finitude, 59, 76Flexibility, 138, 152, 174Flow, 32, 34, 43, 44, 97, 107, 109,
111, 113, 116, 120, 125, 131,152, 156, 164, 190, 191
Four Cs, 194Frankl, Viktor, 35, 62, 171, 191Freedom
personal, 149psychological, 103, 104, 117relative, 120, 148, 151
Freeman, Walter, 158, 159, 160,161, 164
Freud, Sigmund, 3, 5Fromm, Erich, 6, 7, 10, 11, 151Frustration, 3, 56, 114, 115Fulfillment, 8, 58, 91, 95, 97, 101,
121, 122, 129–132, 136,142–143, 155, 182
Fuller, Andrew, 13, 19, 22–26,45, 143
Functional interdependencies, 24, 39,90, 120, 129, 143, 145, 161,175, 192
GGemeinschaftsgefühl, 6General structural description, 14, 21,
46, 47, 68, 69, 82, 83, 90,98, 106
Genes/genetic, 8, 10, 147, 159,172, 178
Genuineness, 43, 156
Gestalt, 8, 19, 20, 24, 35, 124,155, 157
Gestation, 3, 7Giorgi, Amedeo, 1, 10, 13–17, 19, 20,
22–31, 38, 41, 42, 44–47, 62, 65,68, 98, 119
Gnostic, 174Goldstein, Kurt, 145Grit, 78Growth
cell, 159future, 108, 112, 121, 156human, 9neural, 169personal, 150
Guidance, 25, 48, 50, 53, 58, 60, 146,151, 172, 183, 194
Guidelines, 33
HHalf-life, 68, 179Handling, 4, 55Hardiness, 78Harter, Susan, 135Health/healthy development, 4, 9,
13, 58, 151, 169, 172, 192Heidegger, Martin, 8, 19, 25, 35,
36, 133Hemispheric specialization, 172,
173, 175High-impact practices, 180High school, 14, 81–101, 119, 180High-stakes testing, 186, 187Holding, 4, 55Holism, 46, 159Holistic education, 2Homeostatic aims, 145Homogenized/homogenizing, 125,
186, 191Homunculus, 136, 163
224 INDEX
Hope, 9, 42, 43, 48, 50, 51, 53, 56,58, 60, 92, 98, 113, 126,184, 194
Horney, Karen, 8, 56, 141Human relatedness, 4Humanistic skills revolution, 194Human science, 1, 136, 178, 179Hume, David, 135, 137, 183Humility, 37, 134, 146,
148, 153Husserl, Edmund, 2, 15,
124, 183
IIdentity, 107, 110, 141, 142, 193Idiographic level of analysis, 46Imagination
creative, 96, 97, 101, 120, 129,130, 133, 146, 147, 148, 159,172, 173, 176, 185, 186
learners, 23, 96, 157, 184mobilized, 65, 128, 142
Imaginative free variation, 46Imaginative projection, 48, 53, 54, 58,
76, 126Imaginative variation, 19, 46Immersed involvement, 14, 99, 100,
101, 128, 139, 142, 184,188, 191
Incipient form, 31India, 149Individualism/individualist
perspective, 5, 117, 133, 136,140, 148, 172
Infants/infancy, 3, 4, 5, 54–56, 58,105, 129, 138, 168, 169
Information processing, 31, 32, 33,133, 164, 165, 173
Insight, 6, 12, 13, 20, 24, 27–30, 41,59, 67, 120, 122, 144, 149, 150,156, 157, 170, 187, 189
Inspiration, 58, 61, 62, 66, 111,113–114
Intellect/intellection, 9, 31, 36, 149Intellectualism/intellectualist, 36,
136, 155, 194Intention, 74Intentional arc, 35Intentionality, 6, 35, 56–58,
131, 164Interdependency, 4, 12Inter-hemispheric cooperation, 173Inter-learning, 37–38, 39, 77Interpersonal, 4, 8, 13, 14, 16, 39,
48, 52, 55, 60, 61, 70, 75, 77,84, 85, 101, 113, 115, 117,125–128, 132, 137, 139–140,147, 148, 151, 152,168–170, 180, 191–192,193, 194
Interpersonal neurobiology, 16,168, 169
Intersubjective, 4, 5, 9Intuitive, 13, 20, 26, 32, 34, 140,
168, 191Invariant meanings, 46Investment, 61, 84, 87, 88, 91,
96–100, 126–128, 142,183–184
Involvementcreative, 90immersed, 14, 99, 100, 101,
128, 139, 142, 184,188, 191
mutual, 69, 72, 78, 84, 88proactive, 58
JJames, William, 10, 11, 178Japan, 186
INDEX 225
KKierkegaard, Soren, 133, 146Knowledge
abstract, 35pre-symbolic, 26self-, 169, 172, 189unconventional, 149
Knowles, Richard, 4, 9, 56, 59, 62, 66Koffka, Kurt, 7, 27, 35Kohut, Heinz, 8, 56, 135Küpers, Wendelin, 13, 19, 25, 37–38
LLangeveld, Martinus Jan, 103,
117, 177Learning
authentic, 36–37, 77, 121dialogal, 7enthusiastic about, 14, 65–80,
81–101, 119, 121, 122existential, 13, 38–40, 41–63, 76,
99, 118, 122, 141–142,151, 156
future, 41, 85, 89, 90, 99, 121, 184holistic view of, 12human, 1, 8, 9, 11, 13, 20, 21, 25,
123–125, 177lifelong, 2, 10, 14, 121, 127,
129–130, 142, 144, 188, 191nature of, 13, 16, 40phenomenology of, 19–40, 140,
155, 156and quasi-learning, 27–28social, 6, 156structural meanings of
human, 21–27traditional, 28typological variants of, 28–38
Learning by the detection andovercoming of inadequateassumptions, 29–30, 39
Left hemisphere, 172, 174–176Lewin, Kurt, 144Libet, Benjamin, 165Lifelong learning, 2, 10, 121, 127,
129, 142, 188Lifespan, 4, 7, 12, 13, 15, 36, 54, 78,
83, 105, 126, 129, 138, 141,159, 170, 195
Lifeworld (lebenswelt), 2Listening, 51, 96, 99,
109, 128,140, 182
Locke, John, 147, 178, 189Logical thought, 183Love, 6, 9, 69, 71, 74, 79, 87, 89,
110, 134, 189
MMaking sense/sense making, 26,
140, 192Markus, Hazel, 135Mastery, 26, 30, 41, 43, 90, 97, 120,
121Maxim, 34May, Rollo, 6, 8, 11, 21, 140,
152, 172McGilchrist, Ian, 173, 174, 175Meaningful learning, 193Meaning-idea, 26, 29, 30, 31, 38,
125, 139, 157Meaning-making
dynamic, 160transformative, 43
Memorable experience, 37Memory
associative, 120autobiographical, 173child, 17natural, 28
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 5, 10, 19,20, 35, 56, 156, 184
226 INDEX
Metacognition, 166Mind-brain-education, 192Minkowski, Eugène, 58, 62Mirror neurons, 170Modeling/models of behavior, 25,
79, 156Monologal creativity, 116Montagu, Ashley, 7Montessori, Maria, 185Mood, 26, 69, 71, 90Moral development, 4Motivated learning, 14, 91, 95,
101, 128Motivation
diverse, 145, 148extrinsic, 101intrinsic, 66, 194learners, 156student, 14
Motor intentionality, 35, 56Multicultural experiences, 149Murray, Edward, 7, 10, 15, 23,
136, 137Mysterious, 107, 108, 170Myth, 6, 43, 49, 136
NNarrative, 15, 21, 43, 46, 123, 141,
142, 155, 166–167, 172–173,179, 192, 193
Natural scientific, 16, 17, 20, 68,179, 189
Naturalism, 178Nature and nurture, 7, 8, 127, 145,
161, 188Neuroanthropology, 16, 171Neurophenomenology, 16, 164Neuropil, 161Neuropsychoanalysis, 16, 168, 169Neuroscience
cognitive, 164, 168, 170
contemporary, 4, 9, 16, 156, 158cultural, 16, 171, 172
Newness, 28, 30, 48, 52, 55, 56, 59,62, 65, 119, 123–124, 126, 132,138, 141, 150, 168, 193
Nomothetic level of analysis, 46Non-cognitive, 9, 82Nonsense, 22, 28, 39Noögenic, 171Novel/novelty, 7, 13, 24, 28, 30, 37,
39, 47, 48, 53, 65, 106, 108,113, 118–121, 125, 127,145, 151
OObstetrical dilemma, 3Omnipotence, 105Ongoing learning, 7, 13, 14, 41, 62,
77, 82, 126, 170Ontological/ontology, 2, 100,
140, 183Optimal development, 9Optimal frustration, 56Orbitofrontal cortex, 164, 167Ordered world, 79Originally unfolding meanings, 21–23,
39, 119Ownership, 133, 140, 157, 164,
166, 187
PParadoxical dimensions of
learning, 36, 77, 192Paradox principle, 146Parietal cortex, 166, 167Partial learning, 31Passion, 72, 79, 91, 92,
93, 108Passive synthesis, 124Pathic, 174, 180
INDEX 227
Pedagogical relationship, 14, 68, 69,71, 79, 84, 183, 189
Pedagogical third space, 193Pedagogy, 16, 177–179, 191Perception/perceptual
experience, 131, 164Persistence, 78Person
creative, 117, 119, 131developing, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 133,
138, 141, 145, 148, 173individual, 171
Personal development, 2, 32, 84,86, 99
Personal interest, 91, 94Personality, 15, 35, 50, 122, 135,
137, 145Personality integration, 15, 135Personalized, 31, 84, 85, 87Personhood, 2, 24, 79Perturbations in learning, 185Phases in skill acquisition, 30–35Phenomenology of practice, 180, 181Physiognomic/physiognomies, 26,
130, 143, 186, 192Piaget/piagetian, 5–6, 169Positive feedback, 48, 50, 51, 54, 59,
70, 75Positive psychology, 9, 15, 136,
188–190Positivism/positivist perspective, 1,
101, 136, 178Possessive-relationship, 140Possibilities, 10, 25, 30, 43, 57–59,
83, 85, 106, 108, 115, 120, 127,130, 131, 143, 145, 152, 158
Prediction, 21, 186, 192Prefrontal cortex, 165–167Pre-reflective experience/pre-reflexive
ground of learning, 8, 25Production, 103, 116, 119, 121, 129Professionalism, 183
Progression, 32, 34,126, 195
Progressive education, 2Projection, 6, 42, 48, 53, 54, 58, 61,
65, 76, 122, 126Propriate/proprium, 140Prudent judgment, 32Psychoanalysts, 3, 6Psychogenic, 171Psychologism, 147Psychopathology, 3, 171Psychosexual development, 3Psychotherapeutic, 13, 53, 54, 62Punctual self, 147
QQuasi-learning, 27–28Questioning, 8, 48, 53–54, 76,
92, 94, 99, 126, 195
RRationalism, 185, 186Rational thought, 15, 37, 185–186,
189–191Readiness potential, 165Ready-to-hand, 35Re-attunement, 26, 70, 75, 139, 152Receptive mirroring, 79Reciprocity, 91, 93Reconfiguration
integrative, 143structural, 23, 25, 125
Reductionism, 8, 158, 159, 171Relationships
developmental, 143human, 2, 4learning, 66, 70, 75, 99, 101, 142,
168, 177, 182possessive, 140structural, 24
228 INDEX
student-educator, 14, 66–70,77–78, 82, 84, 85, 89, 96, 99
supportive, 42Reliable care, 4, 56Renewal (personal), 62, 119, 185Reorganization, 23–25, 39, 60, 124,
137–138, 140, 143, 145, 150,152, 155, 157, 161, 174, 183
Representationalism, 35, 36, 156Resilience, 78, 172, 192Respect, 1, 2, 3, 8, 11, 21, 26, 33, 42,
47, 52, 70, 71, 75, 83, 91, 93–94,116–117, 120, 124, 138–139,141, 147, 169, 175, 188, 190,192–194
Retention, 81, 180Ricoeur, Paul, 57, 137, 141Right hemisphere, 166, 167, 169,
173–175Risk, 37, 104, 118, 126, 141, 188Rogers, Carl, 8, 15, 103, 104, 117,
118, 141, 156, 185, 193Rogers, Natalie, 117Rules, 32, 33, 34, 36,
130, 158
SSafety, 42, 57, 69, 71, 103, 104,
107, 109, 114, 117–118,130, 150, 156
Schachtel, Ernest, 8, 55, 103, 117Schneider, Kirk, 137, 146, 147Schore, Allan, 135, 167, 169Self/selfhood, 2, 4, 11, 15, 79, 107,
110, 123–124, 135–138, 142,147–150, 155, 167, 169
Self-acceptance, 141Self-belief, 127Self-confidence, 8, 13, 40, 41, 44, 53,
63, 141Self-consciousness, 110
Self-cultivation, 134, 146–148,150–153, 173, 185, 188,189, 191
Self-development, 2, 12, 15, 16, 79,122, 132, 135, 137, 138, 140,141, 143, 146, 150, 155, 167
Self-discovery, 107, 110, 119, 120,122, 130, 143, 144
Self-doubt, 48, 53, 54, 63, 77, 126,127, 152
Self-enriching aims, 77, 132, 145Self-esteem, 81, 141Self-expression, 15, 70, 74, 79, 90, 99,
103, 107, 110, 119, 120, 122,127–133, 140, 142–143,184–186, 190
Self-motivated/self-motivation, 75,77, 78, 91, 95, 101, 122, 128
Self-reliance, 4Self-respect, 8, 141Self-system, 133, 138, 140–143, 145,
149–152, 185Self-transcendent/self-
transcendence, 77, 129,131–132, 142, 144, 145, 148,173, 183
Self-trust, 127, 140Self-worth, 8Seligman, Martin, 171, 172,
188, 189Sensorimotor, 22, 32, 140, 164Separation-in-connection, 138, 175Serial learning, 19, 22, 23, 28Siegel, Daniel, 135, 158, 167, 169,
172, 174, 192Situated learning, 193Situatedness, 10, 38, 157Skill acquisition, 13, 30–36, 39,
44–48, 53–54, 62, 120Skinner, B. F., 135, 136, 156Social acceptance, 48, 50, 54, 59, 81Social-cognitive neuroscience, 16
INDEX 229
Social learning theory, 6, 156Social nature of human existence/
sociality, 1–18, 132Sociogenic, 171Somatosensory system, 174Spielraum, 103Spitz, René, 4Spontineity/spontaneous
involvement, 140Stages of Skill Acquisition
(Training), 13, 30–36, 39,44–48, 53–54, 62, 120
Standards movement, 186, 188Steady state, 145Strasser, Stephen, 4, 25, 137, 140,
152, 183Straus, Erwin, 8, 57, 130, 138, 140,
143, 156–158, 173–175Striving (and counterstriving), 9, 56,
57, 126, 129, 146, 155, 186Student
college, 97formal, 66–70, 77–78, 82, 89,
96, 99helping, 194school, 87
Student-educator relationship, 14,66–70, 77–78, 82, 84–85, 89,96, 99
Subjectivistic perspective, 133,186, 191
Subjectivity, 4, 5, 26, 124, 135, 166,189, 191
Successacademic, 82, 84, 86child, 107, 110educational, 81student, 82, 182
Sugarman, Jeff, 190Sullivan, H. S., 127, 140, 147Superposition, 162, 163
Supportneuroscience, 168social, 82, 168, 193structural, 58
Supportive relationship, 42Symbolically represented
experience, 79, 173Symbolic expression, 26, 168
TTactile field/touch, 4, 12, 55, 73Taylor, Charles, 147, 186, 194Technical orientation, 20, 31Temporal cortex, 166The experience of adequate
performance, 30Theoretical exploration, 13Theory, 1, 5, 6, 15, 118, 129, 135,
140, 148, 156, 163, 178–179,187, 192
Third force learning theory, 156Thompson, Evan, 160, 166Thompson, N.R., 55Thrownness, 133Training, 16, 23, 25, 32, 39,
181, 187Transcendent potentials, 10Transcendent power, 11Transformational view of learning, 26Trends in education, 1621st century skills, 194Typological lifeworld variations, 27Typological variants of
creativity, 113–117Typological variants of learning, 21,
28–38, 124
UUncertainty, 42, 47, 49, 53, 59, 76Unconventional outlook, 107,
108, 120
230 INDEX
Unconventional perception, 107–108,110, 118–120, 130, 149, 150
Underdevelopment, 3, 7Understanding
adequate, 14, 147distorted, 60emotional, 174empathic, 103non-Western, 148preexisting, 96self-, 151, 191transformative, 29
Uniqueness, 36, 84, 87United States, 6Units of psychological significance, 46Unity building power, 23, 65,
123, 157Unopposed acquisition of new
understandings, 28–29, 39, 77Unselving, 185, 188Upsurge, 57, 58, 138
VValidation/valuing, 11, 70, 75, 99,
122, 128, 158
Van den berg, J. H., 13Van Kaam, Adrian, 56, 62Van Manen, Max, 16, 68, 178,
179, 181Vision, 55, 149Voice, 7, 55, 56, 60, 71, 76, 90, 122,
129, 143, 148, 184–185Von Bertalanffy, Ludwig, 145von Eckartsberg, Rolf, 7, 12, 130Vulnerability, 4, 17, 33, 34, 56,
126, 175Vygotsky, Lev, 5, 146, 147
WWelcoming, 4, 55, 58, 69, 70, 96, 99,
127, 182Well-being, 9, 14, 148, 189Werner, Heinz, 5Will, 6, 9Winnicott, D. W., 4, 55, 58, 104, 105,
129, 167World-openness, 4, 8–9, 54–56,
76–77, 100, 129, 143, 148, 150,151, 157, 169
INDEX 231