THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR

THE ALL-IMPORTANT CHINA TRADE

John Hay - Open-Door Policy

Boxer Rebellion - 1900

THE “NEW” WHITE MAN’S BURDEN

American American Missionaries in Missionaries in

ChinaChina

19051905

FILIPINO INDEPENDENCE?

Philippines purchased from Spain for $20 million as part of Treaty of Paris

Emilio Emilio AguinaldoAguinaldo

William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft

First Governor-General of the PhilippinesFirst Governor-General of the Philippines

THE ANTI-WAR PROTESTORSIn 1899, the Anti-Imperialist League is Founded.

Members include William Jennings Bryan, Mark Members include William Jennings Bryan, Mark Twain, and Andrew Carnegie.Twain, and Andrew Carnegie.

THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR1899 - 1902

• U.S. refuses to recognize Filipino independence.• War Estimates• Filipino Forces =

100,000 men• U.S. Forces =

74,000 men• Filipino Goal• Inflict constant

casualties on U.S. troops

The Oregon The Oregon Volunteer Infantry Volunteer Infantry

in 1899in 1899

A NEW EMPEROR?

GUERRILLA WAR PHASE 1900-1902

• Filipino Tactics• Low on ammunition, Aguinaldo abandons

conventional warfare.• American Tactics• Take no prisoners• Burning villages

• Concentration Camps

Filipino dead in Filipino dead in their trenchtheir trench

THE WATER CURE

A picture of a “water detail,” A picture of a “water detail,” reportedly taken in May, 1901, in Sual, reportedly taken in May, 1901, in Sual,

the Philippines. “It is a terrible the Philippines. “It is a terrible torture,” one soldier wrote.torture,” one soldier wrote.

AGUINALDO IS CAPTURED

April 1, 1901 – Aguinaldo swears an oath of loyalty to the United States.

““Let the stream of blood cease to Let the stream of blood cease to flow; let there be an end to tears flow; let there be an end to tears

and desolation.”and desolation.”

Fighting continues under Filipino General Miguel Malvar for one more

year.

FIGHTING AN INSURGENCY1902 - 1913

The Moro Rebellion (1901-1913) after the conclusion of the Philippine-American War

• The Moro peoples assumed that once the Philippines was liberated from the Spanish, they would be self-governing. They resisted the American takeover of the Philippines in 1899

• Conflict involved sporadic confrontations between the Muslim Filipinos (Moro) living in the southern part of the Philippines and Americans.

A Filipino Bolo A Filipino Bolo KnifeKnife

LEGACY OF THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR

• Deaths• U.S. = 4,326 soldiers (mostly from

disease)• Filipinos(?) = 34,000 soldiers; 200,000

civilians• Moro Indians (?) = 10,000 to 20,000

men• Philippines will remain an important

naval base for U.S. through World War II• Philippines will gain independence on

July 4, 1946.