The Philippine Environmental Governance Project

Training Lecture for RARE Conservation Program for Sustainable Fishing and MPA

Management in the Philippines

16 September 2010

Part One - Orientation

The Philippine Environmental Governance Project

General Overview

Life of Project: October 2004-September 2011 5 technical areas in addressing threats to biodiversity

• Forest and Forestland Management (FFM)• Coastal Resource Management (CRM)• Solid Waste Management (SWM-UEM)• Waste Water Management (WWM-UEM)• Governance and Advocacy (GoAd)

National project with offices in three regions• Central Visayas (Region 7 part of Region 6)• Mindanao (ARMM, Regions 9,11,12)• Northern Luzon (Solano-closed/Manila)

Ridge to Reef

Project biophysical targets

Over 263,000 ha of natural forests under improved management

Over 51,000 ha of forest lands under productive development About 112,000 ha of coastal areas under About 112,000 ha of coastal areas under

improved improved managementmanagement

Established 27 new marine sanctuaries Established 27 new marine sanctuaries covering 1700 hacovering 1700 ha

Fifty (50) existing MPAs under improved Fifty (50) existing MPAs under improved managementmanagement (>2600 ha)(>2600 ha)

Twenty (20) LGUs investing in waste water treatment facilities

Over 100 LGUs meeting the good environmental governance index

Project biophysical targets

Ninety LGUs diverting > 25% of waste away from disposal to recycling, composting etc

Leveraged > Php 1.3 billion in LGU budget allocations for NRM ( 2005-2010 ) ( > USD 25 million )

Achievements Towards 7 Year Targets

Seven-Year Target Year 6 Target

Accomplishments

Year 6 As of Sept 2010*

Indicator 1: Number of government institutions meeting good environmental governance index (cumulative)

100 LGUsBaseline GSA of at least 20 LGUs

Baseline GSA conducted in 24 LGUs

81 LGUs (81%)

Indicator 2: Hectares of natural forest under improved management

280,000 ha 20,000 ha 20,682 ha (103%) 282,775 ha (101%)

Indicator 3: Hectares of forestlands under productive development

64,000 ha 31,905 ha 30,172 ha (95%)** 62,269 ha (97%)

Indicator 4: Coastal areas under improved management

117,000 ha 10,728 17,351 ha (161%) 128,719 ha (110%)

Achievements (cont’d)

Indicator 5: Number and hectares of new marine sanctuaries established

29 sanctuaries(762 ha)

5 sanctuaries8 sanctuaries (160%)359.7 ha

29 MPAs (100%); 1,721.7 ha (226%) At end of Year 5, 29 additional MPAs were reported to be at “established” level in the process of strengthening their management. Total: 58 MPAs 2,173.7 ha

Indicator 6: Number and hectares of existing marine sanctuaries under improved management

60 sanctuaries (2,700 ha)

5 sanctuaries5 MPAs (100%)192.56 ha

55 MPAs (92%);2,850.6.ha (106%)

Indicator 7: Number of LGUs diverting at least 25% of waste from disposal to recycling and composting

100 LGUsSWM planning and implementation TA to at least 12 LGUs

6 LGUs have draft SWM plans for legitimization

90 LGUs (90%).

Indicator 8: Number of LGUs investing in wastewater facilities

26 LGUs1 LGU with investment;WWTF design TA to at least 9 LGUs

1 LGU (100%); 9 projects in 8 LGUs presented to LCEs/SB/ SP for 2011 funding.

20 (77%)

KBAs

FFM is supporting at least 10 terrestrial KBAs

CRM is operating in 9 marine KBAs

UEM is supporting 13 wetlands and marine KBAs

Convergence Area – Tañon Strait

Ongoing activities in CRM, FFM and UEM

Effort in CRM and UEM is being increased (UEM will target Cebu side and possibly Negros Occ urban centers).

PLGU and DENR of Negros Or. and Cebu are being capacitated to scale up FFM, UEM and CRM

Convergence Area – South Negros / Sulu Sea

• Ongoing activities in CRM, FFM and UEM

• EcoGov effort in CRM and UEM will be increased

• PLGU of Negros Or. will be capacitated to continue support to FFM, UEM and CRM

• Coordination with GTZ, PSA

Other Convergence Areas

Camotes Sea

• Ongoing activities in CRM, FFM and UEM

• EcoGov effort in CRM and UEM will be increased through PLGU and CSCRMC

• FFM support in mangrove management

Other Convergence Areas

Sarangani Bay

• Ongoing efforts in FFM and UEM

• Increased EcoGov efforts in FFM and UEM

• Coordinate with ongoing activities to establish WAQMAs (JICA, WB), water and sanitation programs (WB), water quality monitoring of EMB

Processes that promote principles of:

• Transparency• Accountability• Participation• Functionality

What is environmental governance?

Forests and Forestlands Management (FFM)

Solid Waste Management (SWM)

Waste Water Management (WWM)

Coastal Resources Management (CRM)

Focus on critical marine KBAs (ie Davao Gulf, Visayas Sea, Illana Bay)

Strengthen MPA networks and Inter-LGU clusters (5)

Mainstream / Institutionalize CRM activities and scale up

Facilitate climate change adaptation at community level

Identify and leverage sustainable financing opportunities

CRM Programming Priorities FY 2010

• Continue to strengthen MPAs and networks

• Institutionalize participatory MPA M&E (3 tools)

• Focus on sustainable financing for alliances and networks

• Advance framework for mariculture development

• Finalize and disseminate knowledge products

• Develop learning / investment destinations

CRM Programming Priorities FY 2011

EcoGov Core Indicators and Targets: Intermediate Results

Intermediate Result: Improved environmental governance (forest, water, coastal resources; municipal waste) particularly in Mindanao and other conflict affected areas

EG 2 Target: 80 government institutions meeting good environmental governance index benchmark

Reduced illegal logging & conversion of natural

forests

Improved management of municipal waste

• 250,000 ha of natural forest under improved mgt

• 14,000 ha of bare forest lands under productive dev’t

EG 2 Targets EG 2 TargetsEG 2 Targets

• 106,700 ha of coastal area under improved management

• 20 new marine sanctuaries established (400 ha)

• 50 existing marine sanctuaries managed (2,500 ha)

• 90 LGUs with 25% diversion of SW into recycling/ composting

• 20 LGUs with investments in sanitation facilities

• Individuals/HH with access to or benefited by sanitation facilities

Reduced overfishing & destructive fishing

EG 2 Targets





EG 2 Targets





EG 2 Targets




EG 2 Targets




EcoGov Core Performance Indicators EcoGov Core Performance Indicators

Indicator: Coastal areas under improved management

Definitions:Improved management -- whena. LGUs have legitimized coastal and/or fisheries mgt planb. LGUs have approved annual budget for CRM/FRM c. There is functional LGU-based resource mgt organization, including

enforcement d. LGU implementing good CRM/FRM practices

Sufficient condition: First three conditions + at least 2 good practices

For LGUs with CRM plans: implementation in two zones in addition to protected areas (e.g. municipal fisheries zone + mangrove management zone)

For LGUs with FRM plans: at least one action related to enforcement + at least one action on management of fishing effort

Area computed 5 km from shoreline, not 15 km (municipal waters in RA 8550). Can be effectively managed by LGU.

Method: Annual (semi-annual) assessment

EcoGov Core Performance IndicatorsEcoGov Core Performance Indicators

Indicator: Number and hectares of new marine sanctuaries established

Definitions:New sanctuary = it has not been previously established

Established:

a. With legitimized plan, which is basis for municipal ordinanceb. Management body formed c. Funding allocation from LGU and/or other sourcesd. At least 2 implementation activities initiated, one of which

should be on enforcement


EcoGov Core Performance Indicators EcoGov Core Performance Indicators

Indicator: Number and hectares of existing marine sanctuaries under improved management

Definitions:

Existing = it has previously been declared or established through initiatives of LGU, communities, other projects including EcoGov (i.e., EG 1 and new ones to be established in EG 2)

Improved management = established (per indicator 5) with implementation activities maintained for at least one year and have resulted in reducing effort and destructive fishing in no-take areas

Threshold actions: enforcement, and regulation of illegal fishing outside the no-take areas, IEC conducted, participatory biophysical M&E initiated


EcoGov Outputs EcoGov Outputs

Established network of marine sanctuary managers (CRM)

a. MOA among at least 3 LGUsb. Written plan of joint actions for the networkc. Joint financing scheme for the management of marine sanctuaries d. External linkages for technical, financial and entrepreneurial

supporte. Implementation of M and E activities using the MPA rating system

Functional inter-LGU alliances (CRM)

a. Formal agreement among LGU members indicating clear objectives of the alliance and individual and collective responsibilities of members

b. Existence of strategic action plan with implementation of at least one key interdependent activity

c. Existence of working group/unit that facilitates inter-LGU decision-making and a system fro managing conflict

d. Sustained financial and manpower contributions from component LGUs

e. Technical and support agreements with partner resource organizations (e.g., provincial government)

Map from Ong et al. 2000 with marine biogeographic regions(Alino and Gomez 1994)

South China Sea

North Philippine

Sea

SouthPhilippine

Sea

Sulu Sea

VisayanSeas

Celebes Sea

CRM Sites in Marine Priority Conservation Areas

• Baler Bay (Aurora)

• Camotes Sea (NE Cebu)

• Tañon Strait (NE Neg. Or. & SW Cebu)

• Bohol Sea (SE Bohol & Siquijor)

• Sulu Sea (S Neg. Or.)

• Davao Gulf

• Illana Bay (Zamboanga del Sur)

• Sibugay Bay (Zamboanga Sibugay)

• Celebes Sea (Basilan)

Jurisdiction over National Integrated Protected Area Systems (NIPAS)

Political economy of managing MPA networks and alliances

Scientific inputs to protected area management vs local capacities

Coastal law enforcement Political will and vested interests Measuring threat reduction – M&E and

other tools Scale – does size matter?

Some issues and concerns in CRM implementation

Mariculture zoning Mangrove co-management Sustainable financing mechanisms

internal - - LGU budget, EUF, penaltiesexternal - - grants, loans, equity (projects)

Integrating climate change considerationsDRR and CCAocean acidification vs sequestration?

Some issues and concerns in CRM implementation (cont’d)

Documents

The Philippine Environmental Governance Project