The PILLS project - Background, objectives & main topics

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen Umwelt

PILLS Final Conference19th / 20th September 2012

The PILLS project - Background,

Dr. Nafo Folie 1

objectives & main topics

Dr. Issa Nafo, Emschergenossenschaft

(on behalf of the PILLS partners)

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen UmweltThe consumption of pharmaceuticals is increasing across OECD countries, particularly for antidiabetics and antidepressants

Dr. Nafo Folie 2

Source: HEALTH AT A GLANCE 2011: OECD INDICATORS ©; OECD Health Data 2011, OECD (http://www.oecd.org/health/healthdata)

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen UmweltConsequences of drug residues in waters?

Dr. Nafo Folie 3

http://www.drugsnews.org/?p=1235 http://www.care2.com/greenliving/male-fish-turning-female-due-to-pollution.html

"pharmaceutical residues in water"

10,600,000 results for the search term:

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen UmweltSources and pathways

Households

Factory

Dr. Nafo Folie 4

Municipal sewagetreatment plant

Households

Hospitls

Drinking waterproduction

River

Groundwater


Objectives of the PILLS project

• What is the contribution of healthcare

institutions to the loads of drug residues?

• Which impact may point source

treatment have on the load of specific

drugs mainly consumed in hospitals?

• Which techniques are appropriate to

Dr. Nafo Folie 5

• Which techniques are appropriate to

reduce the emission at point sources?

• What is the role of point sources in terms

of the spread of multi-resistant bacteria?

• What steps are needed for a sustainable

reduction of the overall emissions?


PILLS Partnership

Zwolle

Glasgow

• 2 Water associations

• 2 Universities

Dr. Nafo Folie 6

Limoges

Zürich

Luxemboug

Essen

Zwolle•

• 2 research institutes

• Budget: 8,0 Million Euro

• Project Duration: 2008 – 2012


Main topics

WP 2

Technology

WP 1

Analysis

Design, construction and operation of advanced

waste water treatment technologies at point sources

Characterisation of waste water from point sources

Assessment of different advanced treatment

Dr. Nafo Folie 7

WP 4

Communication

WP 3

Assessment

Communication of the issues and of the results of

the project.

Assessment of different advanced treatment technologies (Removal of pharmaceuticals, of

ecotoxicological effects and antibiotic resistant

bacteria; costs and environmental balance)


- by chemical analysis

Characterization

• Selection of 16 PILLS common pharmaceutical active substances

• Determination of loads based on consumption data

• Measurement of substance concentrations

• Contribution to loads in catchment areas

Sulfamethoxazole

Dr. Nafo Folie 8

Diclofenac

Ciprofloxacin

Carbamazepine

Diatrzoate


- by evaluation of ecotoxicological effects

Characterization

• Short-term and long-term toxicity tests with organisms from different

aquatic trophic levels and representing functions

• In-vitro screening tests for the assessment of specific effects (e.g.

cytotoxicity or endocrine disrupting effects) and general toxicity to

bacteria and algae

• iIn-vivo tests on organisms like snails, worms, water fleas or fish.

Dr. Nafo Folie 9

• iIn-vivo tests on organisms like snails, worms, water fleas or fish.

• Comparison of ecotoxicity potential of hospital and municipal waste

waterspecific effects

http://cache.eb.com

Pictures: C. Kienle, Oekotoxzentrum/Eawag;

M. Hammers-Wirtz, gaiac RWTH Aachen


- by evaluation of antibiotic resistant bacteria

Characterization

• Determination of the quantity of antibiotic resistant genetic elements

of bacteria (the resistant Integrons) → importance of antibiotic

resistance in a sample independently of the quantity of bacteria

• Determination of the proportion of bacteria harbouring a resistant

Integron in a same sample (the relative abundance)

• Comparison of hospital and municipal waste water

Dr. Nafo Folie 10

• Comparison of hospital and municipal waste water

Cassette

IntI

IntI

Cassette

Pc

attI attC3 attC2 attC1

PintintI

Scheme: T. Stadler, 2011


Membrane filtration Oxidation processesAdsorption on activated carbon

Microfiltration OzonationPowdered activated carbon

UltrafiltrationAdvanced oxidationprocesses (UV/Ozone,

Granulated activatedcarbon

Technology- Investigated advanced treatment processes

Dr. Nafo Folie 11

Ultrafiltrationprocesses (UV/Ozone,

UV/H2O2, Ozone/H2O2,

Fenton reactions, UV/TiO2. )

carbon

Reverse osmosis


Sm

all

-sc

ale

pla

nts

1.2

m³/

day

1-3

m³/

day

Technology- Schematic illustration of the investigated pilot plants

Dr. Nafo Folie 12

Fu

ll-s

ca

le p

lan

ts

200

m³/

day

240

m³/

day

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen UmweltBuilding of the Pilot plant at Marienhospital Gelsenkirchen, Germany

Dr. Nafo Folie 13

13

Site visit tomorrow 14:00


Communication

- Information and discussion with

stakeholders

Dr. Nafo Folie 14

14


Pills project findings in more detail tomorrow!

Dr. Nafo Folie 15

15


Thank to all the supporters of the PILLS project

www.pills-project.eu

Dr. Jochen Stemplewski and Dr. Emanuel Grün, Kirsten Adamczak, Can Aksüt, Klaus Baumers, Eva Böhling, Carsten Bräuer, Bernhard Hehn, Dirk Hellmich, Eberhard

Holtmeier, Till Möller, Issa Nafo, Ekkehard Pfeiffer, Ulrike Raasch, Prof. Burkhard Teichgräber, Michael Walkstein, Ingo Werner, Daniel Wischniewski, Peter Weingarten andFrank Netz (Marienhospital Gelsenkirchen) Herr Lange, Regina Di Febo, Julianne Joseph (Municipality of Gelsenkirchen, Referat Umwelt), Jörg Alda, Dietmar Loch, Andreas Schiffers (Tutthas & Meyer Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH), Christian Högel, Susanne Zander-Hauck, Harald Jakobs, Hans-Dietrich Eschke, Joanna Will (joint laboratory ofRuhrverband, Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband), Monika Hammers-Wirtz (gaiac at the RWTH Aachen University), Axel Magdeburg (BiK Frankfurt), Jochen Türk (IUTA Duisburg), Prof. Elke Dopp, Jessica Richard (IWW Mülheim), Herman Evenblij, Hans Huijsman, Dirk Kievit, Jan Luijten, Warry Meuleman, Arjan de Mink, Mirabella Mulder (Mirabella Mulder Waste Water Management), Karl Borger (Vitens), Martijn Tas (Vitens), Jacques van Paassen (Vitens), Evert-Jan van den Brandhof (RIVM), Wilko Verweij (RIVM), Marja Woutersen (RIVM), Erik Steenbergen (RIVM), Nico Wortel (Pharmafilter) and the Isala Clinics, Waterboard Groot Salland, Innovatieprogramma KRW, Province

Dr. Nafo Folie 16

Overijssel, the Municipality Zwolle, Vitens, STOWA., Alain Arend, Martina Arenz, Emmanuel Becker, Enrico Benetto, Alex Cornelissen, Melanie Guiton, Elorri Igos, Collins Jury, Kai Klepiszewski, Guy Kneip, Christian Köhler, Oliver O’Nagy, Paul Schosseler, Silvia Venditti, Ministry of higher Education and Research, Daniel Cardao, Henri Hinterscheid, Marcel Klesen, André Weidenhaupt, Jean-Paul Lickes, Luc Zwank, Prof. Johannes Pinnekamp, Silvio Beier, Christopher Keysers, David MontagSilvio Canonica, Andreas Eggmann (Hospital Baden), Jack Eugster, Cornelia Kienle (Ecotox Center, Eawag/EPFL), Lubomira Kovalova, Judit Lienert, Christa S. McArdell, Ruedi Moser (Hunziker Betatech AG), Michael Schärer (FOEN), Hansruedi Siegrist, Michael Thomann (Holinger AG, Liestal), Urs von Gunten, Heinz Wernli (Hospital Baden), Federal Office for the Environment, Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research (SER)/COST Cantons AG, BE, BL, GE, SG, SH, SO, SZ, TG, VD, ZH; Prof. A. Reller, University of Augsburg, Kantonsspital Baden, Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), Colin Dalglish, Karin Helwig, Colin Andrew Hunter, JiaQian Jiang, John MacLachlan, Moyra McNaughtan, Ole Pahl, Joanne Roberts, Dainis Sudmalis, Zhengwei Zhou, Bill Dickie, Bill Glass, Philip Grieve, Hugh Hamill, Victoria Hepworth, Jed Mather, Kevin Milne, Jenny Webb, Mark Heggie, Andrew Rawlins, Ian Ridgway, Ashley Roberts, Scottish Water, Ken Allinson, Brian Ellor, Mark Haffey, Archie Johnston, Harry Keddie, Willie Lindsay, George O’Sullivan, Stuart Pheasant, Adam Zyndul, Olivier Barraud, Magali Casellas, Christophe Dagot, Corinne Maftah, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Thibault Stalder, Dupuytren Hospital, the city of Limoges, Joint Technical Secretariat of the NWE Interreg programme: Daniel von Hugo, Isabelle Lecroart , Scientific Board members: Florian Keil, Thomas Schwartz (KIT Karlsruhe), Thomas Steger-Hartmann (Bayer Health Care) and Pim de Voogt (IBED University of Amsterdam).

… and you for your attention!

Documents

The PILLS project - Background, objectives & main topics