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The Plymouth Colony
Chapter 4 Lesson 3Pages 162-167
Objectives
• Learn how people lived in the Plymouth Colony
• Describe the cooperation and conflict between settlers and Native Americans.
• Explain how English settlers developed ways to govern themselves
The Pilgrim’s Journey
• 1614 – John Smith leaves Jamestown to explore north
• Wrote “A Description of New England”
• 6 states: Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine
Seeking Religious Freedom
• English read Smith’s book and thought about moving.
• Why? – Money– Religious reasons
Seeking Religious Freedom
• King Henry VIII – banned the Catholic church in England.
• Replaced with the Church of England
• Everyone must belong or punished
Seeking Religious Freedom
• Pilgrims – person who makes a journey for religious reasons
• Pilgrims left England for the Netherlands to worship freely
• Had religious freedom, but didn’t like Dutch way of life.
• OPTION: Move to North America
Seeking Religious Freedom
• Virginia Company – paid for their passage
• Pilgrims would pay them back with furs, lumber, and new land
• 1620 – left England on a ship called the Mayflower
Seeking Religious Freedom
• Why did the Pilgrims want to go to North America?
• To build their own society where everyone shared the same religious beliefs
Mayflower Compact
• Mayflower was headed for Virginia, but storms blew it off course
• Landed at Cape Cod in now Massachusetts
Mayflower Compact
• All men signed a compact to keep order
• Compact – is an agreement• The Mayflower Compact agreed
– Fair laws would be made that benefited the entire colony
– They promised to obey these laws
Mayflower Compact
• Majority Rule – if more than half the people agreed to a law or decision, everyone must follow it
• Majority Rule was included in the Mayflower Compact
Mayflower Compact
• Self-Government – The Mayflower compact gave those who signed it the right to govern themselves
• Very new idea ~ they were used to Monarchs ruling
• Only Men signed the compact, but woman must obey
Mayflower Compact
• Pilgrims took several weeks to find a place to settle
• Chose a site on a harbor: This provided easy access to the Atlantic Ocean for shipping and trade
• Fresh water and good land for growing crops was close
• John Smith had already named the area PLYMOUTH
Plymouth
• William Bradford
– One of Plymouth’s early governors
Building a Colony
• Worked hard at making good choices
• But, first winter was HARD
• 50 of the 102 settlers died
Building a Colony – Help arrives
• Samoset – Native American who came in the spring speaking English
• Came back with Tisquantum also called Squanto
• Squanto was from the Wampanoag tribe
Building a Colony – Help arrives
• Squanto – had been taken and sold as a slave in Spain
• He escaped and spent several years in England before returning back to North America
• He learned English and was able to communicate with the Pilgrims
Tisquantum – aka Squanto
• Taught Pilgrims how to plant squash, corn, and pumpkins
• Also how to fish
• Both groups benefited from their cooperation (Pilgrims and Wampanoag)
Tisquantum – aka Squanto
• Squanto helped the colonists trade for furs from other other tribes
• The Native Americans traded for metal goods and cloth
• Metal goods used to make tools and jewelry
Plymouth Grows
• At the beginning all food was divided equally among the colonists
• In 1623, leaders divided the land among the colonists
• The result: the people worked harder
Growing Prosperity
• More colonists came• They prospered from farming,
fishing, and fur trading• However, slow growth the first 10
years• By 1630, only 300 colonists
Trouble Starts
• After 1630, other English came and settled throughout New England
• Not all were friendly with Native Americans
• They did not see a need to cooperate with Indians
• Fights broke out ~ Trade ended
Trouble Starts
• Once trade ended, life became harder for the colonists and Native Americans
• William Bradford (who supported peace at the beginning) now wanted war to push out Native Americans
Trouble Starts
• As homelands for the Native Americans grew smaller, they began to fight with each other over hunting lands
Summary
• Pilgrims leave Europe to establish a society based on their religious beliefs.
• Settlers wrote the Mayflower Compact to set up self-government.
• Early on, Native Americans helped, but as colonists moved into their lands, fighting broke out.
Chapter 4 Review
• Which nation started colonies in the Americas first?
– Spain
Chapter 4 Review
• What did Spain start in the borderlands of New Spain to convert the Native Americans to Christianity?
– Missions
Chapter 4 Review
• Which colony made huge profits as a result of tobacco sales to Europe?
– Virginia
Chapter 4 Review
• What was England’s first permanent settlement in North America?
– Jamestown
Chapter 4 Review
• Which is an example of a primary source?– A photograph of reenactors at
Jamestown– A movie about Pocahontas’s life– John Smith’s book “A Description of
New England”– A recent book about Jamestown
Chapter 4 Review
• What was a key advantage of the Pilgrims’ building their settlement on a bay?
– Near the Atlantic ocean and provided easy access to shipping and trade
Chapter 4 Review
• How did Tisquantum help the first colonists in New England?
– Taught them how to farm and fish
Chapter 4 Review
• Why was Jamestown’s location a poor choice for a settlement?
– The land was swampy and not good for farming
Chapter 4 Review
• How did missionaries affect native Americans in New Spain?
– They held ceremonies to make large numbers Catholic. They taught them Catholic beliefs. Some forced them to work as slaves. Were forced to change how they lived and worshipped.
Chapter 4 Review
• How does the Mayflower Compact form a self-government?
– The people who signed the compact agreed to make and follow their own laws for the common good.
Chapter 4 Review
• What kinds of activities made up the early economies of the North American colonies?
– Farming, ranching, fishing, fur trading, and shipping goods and raw materials back to Europe
Chapter 4 Review
• Why was the House of Burgesses important?
– Helped make laws that were needed to keep order. It was also the first representative assembly in the English colonies. It allowed some of the Virginia colonists to elect members to the House of Burgesses who would represent them.
Chapter 4 Review
• Which is an example of a primary source?
– John Smith’s book “A Description of New England”
