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THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE
IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS
Meshel AlP Josepb
Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sew Gunaan dengan Kepujian (Seni Halus)
2018
PRACTICES Jl IIDlAl TRA1HTlON KOLAM THE OF PRAGVIATISM SE-ISE Jl COlTEVIPORARY ARTWORKS
vlESHEL iVP JOSEPH
The project is submitted in fulfIllment of tbe realJirern~nt tbe degree of Bachdor of Applled Arts with Honours
(Fme Arts)
Faeulty of Applied and Creative Am
CNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAIN AK
2018
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
Grade ___________
Please tick ()
Fif1a l Yea r Proie(t Repn 0 ~a3 e r [=t PhD c==J
DE CLlt RATION OF ORIGINAL WORK
This declara tIOn is made on 1fJX)It- Students Declaration
I MESHEL NP JOSEPH (47547) from FACULTYmiddot OF APPLIED AND CREAT IVE ART Shereby declare that the work entItled THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE iN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS IS my origIna l work I have not copIed from a ny other students work 01 fr om any othe r SOurces excep t where due r eference or acknow ledgement lS
made expliCItly In the text nor has a ny part been written for me by a nother perso n
Date SubmItted MESH] L NP JOS EP H (47547)
Supe rvis ors Declaration
I DR YAKUP BIN MOHD RAFEE hereby certifies that the work ent Itled THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS prepared by the above named s tude nt and was submItted to the FACULTY as a partiaVfull fulfillm e nt for the conferme nt of BACHELOR OF APPLIED ARTS WITH HONOURS (FINE ARTS) and the aforementlOIlod work to the best of my knowledge is the said stude nts work
Received for exa mmatlOTI by Date
I dcc)Jre that Projec lrrhes ls is classdied as (Please tick (Y)
D CONFIDENT IAL (Con tams confidentlal inform at ion under th e Officia l Secn~ t Act 1972)
D RESTR ICTED (Contains restncted information a s specifled by t he orga niza tion where resea rch was done)
o OPEN ACCESS
Validation of ProjectITh esis
1 there fore duly afflrm with free consent and WIllIngly declare that this sa id Projectrrhesi ~ sha ll be placed o[[lclally In the Ce ntre for Acade lnlc Information Services with the abIdi n g mteres t a nd rights as follow s
bull TIns ProJectlT hesis is th e sole legal property ofUmverslty Malaysia Sarawak (UNIl1AS bull The Centre for Acade mlc InformatIOn ServIces has the la wful right to make copies for t he
purp ose of academic and research only and n ot for ot her purpose bull The Centre for Academ ic InformatlOn SI= lvices has the la wful rig ht t o dJ~ itahze the
con te n t for the Local Content Database bull Thl Ce ntre for Acadernlc InformatlOn Services has the law ful ng ht to make COP IP of the
ProjectfThfFjs for academic exchange betw een Higher Lea llllng InstItute bull No dIspute or any cla im sha ll anse from the stude nt ~tse lf neit her thud party on this
Pro)ectlThesis once It becomes the sole property of UNIMAS bull ThiS Pro]ectrrhesis or a ny maten a l da ta and informa l ion rela ted 10 It sha ll not b~
d istrIbuted published or disclosed to a ny pa r ty by the s tudent fxcep t with UNIMAS pe rmiSSIOn
P Supervisor Slgnatu~ h6 I tJ~ ~ shyStudent sIgnature
(Date 1JJ-O II ) 0 jII~d()lf )l e
Current Address
NO 183 TAlVlAN PELANGL JALAN SIALANG TANGKAK JOHOR
Notes If the ProjectThesIs IS CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRI CTED please a ttach together as a nnexure a letter from the orga nisa tion with the penod a nd rea sons of confide ntia lity and restnction
IThe ins trument IS duly prepared by T he Ce ntre for Acade mic Infor mal 1011 Se rvices
II
PENGAKUAN
Projek bertajuk T IlE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION
KOLAM THE IMPL EMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS telah disediakan oleh MESHEL AlP JOSEPH dan telah diserahkan kepada Fakulti
Seni Gunaan dan Kreatif sebagai memenuhi syarat untuk Ijazah SaIjana Muda Seni Gunaan
dengan Kepujian (Seni Hains)
Oiterima untuk diperiksa o leh
UP BIN MOHO RAFEE)
Tarikh
111
PENGESAHAN
Adalah ini diakui bahawa saya MESHEI AlP JOSEPH disertai penulisan yang bertajuk THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM TH E IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS sebagai sebahagian daripada keperluan untuk Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dan Krcati[
dalam Program Sen Halus diterima
Disahkan oleb
~EE) Penyelia
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
I wou ld like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Dr Yakup Bin Mohd Rafee
who had guided me throughout my final year project The leanling outcome was really
extraordinary which able to gain knowledge in a well criticism Special thanks to my parents
who had supported me in financially and encourage me without any disa ppointment by
c rea ting an artwork
v
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Background research
Problem Statement
Sco pe of research
Theoretical Framework
Objectives
Resea rch Questions
Literature Review
Research Methodo logy
Analysis
Data collection and progress
Conc lu sion
Reference
2-3
4-5
5-1 2
12-14
14
15
16
16
17-25
26-33
34-50
51 -65
66-67
68 -70
VI
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
PRACTICES Jl IIDlAl TRA1HTlON KOLAM THE OF PRAGVIATISM SE-ISE Jl COlTEVIPORARY ARTWORKS
vlESHEL iVP JOSEPH
The project is submitted in fulfIllment of tbe realJirern~nt tbe degree of Bachdor of Applled Arts with Honours
(Fme Arts)
Faeulty of Applied and Creative Am
CNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAIN AK
2018
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
Grade ___________
Please tick ()
Fif1a l Yea r Proie(t Repn 0 ~a3 e r [=t PhD c==J
DE CLlt RATION OF ORIGINAL WORK
This declara tIOn is made on 1fJX)It- Students Declaration
I MESHEL NP JOSEPH (47547) from FACULTYmiddot OF APPLIED AND CREAT IVE ART Shereby declare that the work entItled THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE iN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS IS my origIna l work I have not copIed from a ny other students work 01 fr om any othe r SOurces excep t where due r eference or acknow ledgement lS
made expliCItly In the text nor has a ny part been written for me by a nother perso n
Date SubmItted MESH] L NP JOS EP H (47547)
Supe rvis ors Declaration
I DR YAKUP BIN MOHD RAFEE hereby certifies that the work ent Itled THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS prepared by the above named s tude nt and was submItted to the FACULTY as a partiaVfull fulfillm e nt for the conferme nt of BACHELOR OF APPLIED ARTS WITH HONOURS (FINE ARTS) and the aforementlOIlod work to the best of my knowledge is the said stude nts work
Received for exa mmatlOTI by Date
I dcc)Jre that Projec lrrhes ls is classdied as (Please tick (Y)
D CONFIDENT IAL (Con tams confidentlal inform at ion under th e Officia l Secn~ t Act 1972)
D RESTR ICTED (Contains restncted information a s specifled by t he orga niza tion where resea rch was done)
o OPEN ACCESS
Validation of ProjectITh esis
1 there fore duly afflrm with free consent and WIllIngly declare that this sa id Projectrrhesi ~ sha ll be placed o[[lclally In the Ce ntre for Acade lnlc Information Services with the abIdi n g mteres t a nd rights as follow s
bull TIns ProJectlT hesis is th e sole legal property ofUmverslty Malaysia Sarawak (UNIl1AS bull The Centre for Acade mlc InformatIOn ServIces has the la wful right to make copies for t he
purp ose of academic and research only and n ot for ot her purpose bull The Centre for Academ ic InformatlOn SI= lvices has the la wful rig ht t o dJ~ itahze the
con te n t for the Local Content Database bull Thl Ce ntre for Acadernlc InformatlOn Services has the law ful ng ht to make COP IP of the
ProjectfThfFjs for academic exchange betw een Higher Lea llllng InstItute bull No dIspute or any cla im sha ll anse from the stude nt ~tse lf neit her thud party on this
Pro)ectlThesis once It becomes the sole property of UNIMAS bull ThiS Pro]ectrrhesis or a ny maten a l da ta and informa l ion rela ted 10 It sha ll not b~
d istrIbuted published or disclosed to a ny pa r ty by the s tudent fxcep t with UNIMAS pe rmiSSIOn
P Supervisor Slgnatu~ h6 I tJ~ ~ shyStudent sIgnature
(Date 1JJ-O II ) 0 jII~d()lf )l e
Current Address
NO 183 TAlVlAN PELANGL JALAN SIALANG TANGKAK JOHOR
Notes If the ProjectThesIs IS CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRI CTED please a ttach together as a nnexure a letter from the orga nisa tion with the penod a nd rea sons of confide ntia lity and restnction
IThe ins trument IS duly prepared by T he Ce ntre for Acade mic Infor mal 1011 Se rvices
II
PENGAKUAN
Projek bertajuk T IlE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION
KOLAM THE IMPL EMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS telah disediakan oleh MESHEL AlP JOSEPH dan telah diserahkan kepada Fakulti
Seni Gunaan dan Kreatif sebagai memenuhi syarat untuk Ijazah SaIjana Muda Seni Gunaan
dengan Kepujian (Seni Hains)
Oiterima untuk diperiksa o leh
UP BIN MOHO RAFEE)
Tarikh
111
PENGESAHAN
Adalah ini diakui bahawa saya MESHEI AlP JOSEPH disertai penulisan yang bertajuk THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM TH E IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS sebagai sebahagian daripada keperluan untuk Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dan Krcati[
dalam Program Sen Halus diterima
Disahkan oleb
~EE) Penyelia
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
I wou ld like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Dr Yakup Bin Mohd Rafee
who had guided me throughout my final year project The leanling outcome was really
extraordinary which able to gain knowledge in a well criticism Special thanks to my parents
who had supported me in financially and encourage me without any disa ppointment by
c rea ting an artwork
v
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Background research
Problem Statement
Sco pe of research
Theoretical Framework
Objectives
Resea rch Questions
Literature Review
Research Methodo logy
Analysis
Data collection and progress
Conc lu sion
Reference
2-3
4-5
5-1 2
12-14
14
15
16
16
17-25
26-33
34-50
51 -65
66-67
68 -70
VI
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
Grade ___________
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Fif1a l Yea r Proie(t Repn 0 ~a3 e r [=t PhD c==J
DE CLlt RATION OF ORIGINAL WORK
This declara tIOn is made on 1fJX)It- Students Declaration
I MESHEL NP JOSEPH (47547) from FACULTYmiddot OF APPLIED AND CREAT IVE ART Shereby declare that the work entItled THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE iN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS IS my origIna l work I have not copIed from a ny other students work 01 fr om any othe r SOurces excep t where due r eference or acknow ledgement lS
made expliCItly In the text nor has a ny part been written for me by a nother perso n
Date SubmItted MESH] L NP JOS EP H (47547)
Supe rvis ors Declaration
I DR YAKUP BIN MOHD RAFEE hereby certifies that the work ent Itled THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS prepared by the above named s tude nt and was submItted to the FACULTY as a partiaVfull fulfillm e nt for the conferme nt of BACHELOR OF APPLIED ARTS WITH HONOURS (FINE ARTS) and the aforementlOIlod work to the best of my knowledge is the said stude nts work
Received for exa mmatlOTI by Date
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o OPEN ACCESS
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(Date 1JJ-O II ) 0 jII~d()lf )l e
Current Address
NO 183 TAlVlAN PELANGL JALAN SIALANG TANGKAK JOHOR
Notes If the ProjectThesIs IS CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRI CTED please a ttach together as a nnexure a letter from the orga nisa tion with the penod a nd rea sons of confide ntia lity and restnction
IThe ins trument IS duly prepared by T he Ce ntre for Acade mic Infor mal 1011 Se rvices
II
PENGAKUAN
Projek bertajuk T IlE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION
KOLAM THE IMPL EMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS telah disediakan oleh MESHEL AlP JOSEPH dan telah diserahkan kepada Fakulti
Seni Gunaan dan Kreatif sebagai memenuhi syarat untuk Ijazah SaIjana Muda Seni Gunaan
dengan Kepujian (Seni Hains)
Oiterima untuk diperiksa o leh
UP BIN MOHO RAFEE)
Tarikh
111
PENGESAHAN
Adalah ini diakui bahawa saya MESHEI AlP JOSEPH disertai penulisan yang bertajuk THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM TH E IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS sebagai sebahagian daripada keperluan untuk Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dan Krcati[
dalam Program Sen Halus diterima
Disahkan oleb
~EE) Penyelia
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
I wou ld like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Dr Yakup Bin Mohd Rafee
who had guided me throughout my final year project The leanling outcome was really
extraordinary which able to gain knowledge in a well criticism Special thanks to my parents
who had supported me in financially and encourage me without any disa ppointment by
c rea ting an artwork
v
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Background research
Problem Statement
Sco pe of research
Theoretical Framework
Objectives
Resea rch Questions
Literature Review
Research Methodo logy
Analysis
Data collection and progress
Conc lu sion
Reference
2-3
4-5
5-1 2
12-14
14
15
16
16
17-25
26-33
34-50
51 -65
66-67
68 -70
VI
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
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NO 183 TAlVlAN PELANGL JALAN SIALANG TANGKAK JOHOR
Notes If the ProjectThesIs IS CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRI CTED please a ttach together as a nnexure a letter from the orga nisa tion with the penod a nd rea sons of confide ntia lity and restnction
IThe ins trument IS duly prepared by T he Ce ntre for Acade mic Infor mal 1011 Se rvices
II
PENGAKUAN
Projek bertajuk T IlE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION
KOLAM THE IMPL EMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS telah disediakan oleh MESHEL AlP JOSEPH dan telah diserahkan kepada Fakulti
Seni Gunaan dan Kreatif sebagai memenuhi syarat untuk Ijazah SaIjana Muda Seni Gunaan
dengan Kepujian (Seni Hains)
Oiterima untuk diperiksa o leh
UP BIN MOHO RAFEE)
Tarikh
111
PENGESAHAN
Adalah ini diakui bahawa saya MESHEI AlP JOSEPH disertai penulisan yang bertajuk THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM TH E IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS sebagai sebahagian daripada keperluan untuk Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dan Krcati[
dalam Program Sen Halus diterima
Disahkan oleb
~EE) Penyelia
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
I wou ld like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Dr Yakup Bin Mohd Rafee
who had guided me throughout my final year project The leanling outcome was really
extraordinary which able to gain knowledge in a well criticism Special thanks to my parents
who had supported me in financially and encourage me without any disa ppointment by
c rea ting an artwork
v
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Background research
Problem Statement
Sco pe of research
Theoretical Framework
Objectives
Resea rch Questions
Literature Review
Research Methodo logy
Analysis
Data collection and progress
Conc lu sion
Reference
2-3
4-5
5-1 2
12-14
14
15
16
16
17-25
26-33
34-50
51 -65
66-67
68 -70
VI
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
PENGAKUAN
Projek bertajuk T IlE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION
KOLAM THE IMPL EMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS telah disediakan oleh MESHEL AlP JOSEPH dan telah diserahkan kepada Fakulti
Seni Gunaan dan Kreatif sebagai memenuhi syarat untuk Ijazah SaIjana Muda Seni Gunaan
dengan Kepujian (Seni Hains)
Oiterima untuk diperiksa o leh
UP BIN MOHO RAFEE)
Tarikh
111
PENGESAHAN
Adalah ini diakui bahawa saya MESHEI AlP JOSEPH disertai penulisan yang bertajuk THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM TH E IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS sebagai sebahagian daripada keperluan untuk Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dan Krcati[
dalam Program Sen Halus diterima
Disahkan oleb
~EE) Penyelia
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
I wou ld like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Dr Yakup Bin Mohd Rafee
who had guided me throughout my final year project The leanling outcome was really
extraordinary which able to gain knowledge in a well criticism Special thanks to my parents
who had supported me in financially and encourage me without any disa ppointment by
c rea ting an artwork
v
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Background research
Problem Statement
Sco pe of research
Theoretical Framework
Objectives
Resea rch Questions
Literature Review
Research Methodo logy
Analysis
Data collection and progress
Conc lu sion
Reference
2-3
4-5
5-1 2
12-14
14
15
16
16
17-25
26-33
34-50
51 -65
66-67
68 -70
VI
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
PENGESAHAN
Adalah ini diakui bahawa saya MESHEI AlP JOSEPH disertai penulisan yang bertajuk THE PRACTICES OF THERAPEUTIC IN INDIAN TRADITION KOLAM TH E IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAGMATISM SENSE IN CONTEMPORARY ARTWORKS sebagai sebahagian daripada keperluan untuk Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dan Krcati[
dalam Program Sen Halus diterima
Disahkan oleb
~EE) Penyelia
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
I wou ld like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Dr Yakup Bin Mohd Rafee
who had guided me throughout my final year project The leanling outcome was really
extraordinary which able to gain knowledge in a well criticism Special thanks to my parents
who had supported me in financially and encourage me without any disa ppointment by
c rea ting an artwork
v
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Background research
Problem Statement
Sco pe of research
Theoretical Framework
Objectives
Resea rch Questions
Literature Review
Research Methodo logy
Analysis
Data collection and progress
Conc lu sion
Reference
2-3
4-5
5-1 2
12-14
14
15
16
16
17-25
26-33
34-50
51 -65
66-67
68 -70
VI
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
I wou ld like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Dr Yakup Bin Mohd Rafee
who had guided me throughout my final year project The leanling outcome was really
extraordinary which able to gain knowledge in a well criticism Special thanks to my parents
who had supported me in financially and encourage me without any disa ppointment by
c rea ting an artwork
v
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Background research
Problem Statement
Sco pe of research
Theoretical Framework
Objectives
Resea rch Questions
Literature Review
Research Methodo logy
Analysis
Data collection and progress
Conc lu sion
Reference
2-3
4-5
5-1 2
12-14
14
15
16
16
17-25
26-33
34-50
51 -65
66-67
68 -70
VI
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
CONTENT
Abstract
Introduction
Background research
Problem Statement
Sco pe of research
Theoretical Framework
Objectives
Resea rch Questions
Literature Review
Research Methodo logy
Analysis
Data collection and progress
Conc lu sion
Reference
2-3
4-5
5-1 2
12-14
14
15
16
16
17-25
26-33
34-50
51 -65
66-67
68 -70
VI
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
ABSTRACT
Tujuan penvelidikan adaah lmluk membangunkan lerapelllik doam Trods India
Kalam dan meaksonoko1 pragmalisme di dolam karya seni kantemparari Pernyataan
masalah penyelidikan menuyyukkan nilai pragmolisme melatti lerapeutik fidok berlaku dari
segi kebudayoa1 indiOn Kaam Mealui pe1yeidikon ilu memberikon penerapan pragmotisme
yang jeas di daam kebudayaan indian Kaam meolui eSlelika reoli li Dengan menul1jukkan
analisis ke arah pendekolQl1 lerapi jizika di daam kebudayaan India Koam diberikon
peaksanQan sambLingan anlara pragmalisme dan lerapeutik dori segi Kalam Dengon
menganalisa ke ora pendekolan terapi jizika ke daam Kaom beberapa kaedah Iea
digunakan unluk mendopatkon hasi kajion Hosil daripada penyelidikan akan digunakan
sehagai karya seni yang menggunakan objekti( ketiga pellyeidikan hubungon anOra
peng man orlis menjadi amalan terapeutik
Vll
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
ABSTRACT
The purpose o( the research is 10 develop Ihe praclice of Iherapeutic in indian
Tradition Kolam and implemel1l Ihe sense of pragmalism inlO cOl1lemporary arrworks The
problem Slatement of the research shows tie value o(pragmatism sense Ihrough [herapeulic
doemmiddott apply in term af indian cullure Kolam Fram Ihere Ihe middotesearch gives a clear
applicalion ofpragmalism sense into indian cul[ure Kolam through il is aesthelics of reaIlly
By showing the analysis towards physical way of therapy approaches inlO indian cullure
Koam be given the implemenlallOJ7 of connectivily between pragmatism and therapeutic in
term of Kolam By finding the analysis towards physical way o( therapy approaches into
Kolam grounded method had been applied The outcome (rom the research will be apply as
an artwork which is by using third objectives q( the research the (Ol1l1ectwn betrteen [he
experience o(arlisl into therapeutic practices
Keywords Kolan1 pragmatism sense therapeutic indian culture tradition experience
interaction
Vlll
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
CHAPTER 1
10 Introduction
Researcher state the problem based on a specialized art th erap y who IS Sav ita 1akhar
Ga ndesh mentioned that pragmatism shows the value o f aesthetics in a culture Go rdonX
(2017) At the sa me time it is doesnt apply the therapeutic energy towards se nse of
pragmatism in term of Kolam The resea rcher decided to app ly her co ncept by using as an
artist experience which is the same concept being used by arti st Sasha Meret who is diagnosed
with Parkinson in 2003 Artist Sasha Meret sta te his way of pragmatism sense is an ex perience
and interaction between artworks and artist That experience and interac tion give the de finiti on
of pragmatism his experience working with the artwork in 111s studio cure his Parkinson that
shows the way of therapeutic
Based on the problem statement researcher will identify the application of pragmatism
sense into an indian culture Kolarn through its aesthetics of reality This objective will clearly
show the used of definition of pragmatism sense in telm of Kolam In which way the KoJarn
shows it s the aesthetics value towards reality in a religion For example people mind set
towa rd s Kolam just as an art floor it is related to the concept of Hinduism and Jl is a way of
blessing SiromoneyG (1978) Researcher wanted to analyse the statement given by Savlta
laidlar Gandesh and artist Sasha Meret in telm of indian culture Kolam The research will be
proved the aesthetics of its reality towards artist experIence in the practices of therapeutic The
second objectives will show the way of therapy works This therapy gives a clear justification
towards experience from artist Sasha Meret The last objec tive will implement the connectivIty
between pragmatism sense and therapy in teml of Indian cult ure Kolam
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
rhroughout the research qualitative IS one of the major method appy in this research
There is sub deviation of quaiitative one of it is grounded method Researcher used grounded
method to analyse the working of artists towards therapeutic by USing their experiences The
researcher also had used hooks online journal and article to find the latest data collection to
prove the research based on different perspective of the researcher
Background Researeb
Kolam is an indian tradition art wruch was own since 2500 BC till now Based on
kolam history it is also known as middotRangoli as shown in figure t and very COmmon among
Hinduism especiaily nIndia Pakistan Nepal Bengal and V1alaysJa They convey message as
a Hindu which shoving the aesthetics value bf tradition and it is a forn1 of alive in
Indian arts The generation ofkolam are being followed in different state of india since many
decades Kolarn in Tamil adu Munggu in Andra Pradhesh as shown in figure 2 Golam
Koiam in Kerala as shown in figure 3 Mandana in Rajasthaan as shown in figure 4
Chaookpurna in Chlasttigarh Alpana in West Bengal as shown in tlgure 5 ChOWK Pujan in
Utlar Pradhesh and elc ChadhaP (2015) The main purpose decorating kolam is to bnng good
luck believed towards kolam a favour of request to the people who create them and those
110 walk over it- Traditionally kolam done by indian women It is a beauty towards an indjan
women wake up early in the moming to decorate their homc with kolarns This beauty teaches
them sillce ancient Baret (2016)
2
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
Figure 1 Rangoli Kolam ~n lJ2
Webpage
Figure 2 Munggu K l lam 2004 1ebpage Rangoll-or -mun ggu-or-kolalll-D iWill i-floral -pa ttell1 s-Slock -P hoI oJ pg
3
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
hgure 3 Golam K(1am 2002 Webpage www rangolikolamcom
Figure 4 Mandltl nltl Ko lam Webpage httpsllipmimgcomonginals
4
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
I igure 5 Chaookpurnam Ko lam
Webpage http 4 bl blogspoLcom
I igurc 6 Chok Pujan Kolam Webpage httrs i mages-nassl-tmages-amazon cont Images
5
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
Based Oll cOU1ectivity between kolam and pragmatism in Indian culture as we see
kolam are environmental art and strong interaction of the audience Rabbamia (20 15)
Pragmati st has a high metaphysical sense and it is being part of the reality Pihlstrom (2002)
When see the oulline of pragmatist is both ontological epistemologica l and semantic
influence a t it is own philosophy this type of reality commonly remains lrea t to pragmatism
Phil strom S (2000) Based on Joseph Margolis S the ideas as a great example a kind of
pragmatist It is clearl y defined that ontology of art in a pragmatist theo retical framework
regard ing towa rds visualizing w hile abandoning all fom1s of metaphys ical realism that take
artworks to exists in themselves or as such How does the cOIUlectivity go through between
a kolam and pragmati sm It is proven by the researcher Karl Popper s the key idea here is
works of an art as cultural enti ties simplified to menlBl states or to physical objects and events
but in spite of that embodied in physical nature and requiring human mental aClion in order
to ex ist ought to be regarded as Worlds entities roughly in the sense in which scientific
th eo ry natural numbers or societies and intuitions are taken to exist in World 3 Danto
(1981) Other than that through explanation Arthur and Danto regarding interpretation as a
cri teria of the existence and identity of a work in arts Danto Ch 6 198 1 Arto Haapala e h5
(1989) From here the viewpo int it is easily ca n be accepted towards pragmatism and
Popperian World 3 ontology without an artwork a soc ial institution or practice w ithin which
works are created received o rall y and evaluate as works of art there will no artworks without
the cOU1ection of visuahz ing
6
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
Based on research kolam are a symbol of auspiciousness Hinduism having a belie f
Ihal the geometrical patt ern s and designs applied with rice flo ur at the entrance to a home
in vites Goddess Laksmi into the household and dri ves away the evil spirits Throu gh
o bservation towards Bangalo rea ns from North India they enj oy the good energy tha t they
spent with rangoli powder which brought to entire life It is pro ven to be daily art therapy ea rl y
in the morning says that creativity uplifts the prana whi ch mean s to life force SharmaA
(20 16)
12 Problem Statement
Based o n researcher Robinson kolam have several s tyles and are identifi ed with
different names such as Rango li Mandana Munggu and e tc BarrettS (2016) Kolam applied
in pragmatist sense to show the reality of culture to peo ple out there PragmatIsm shows the
va lue of aesthetics in a culture GordonK (2017) At the same time doesnt apply th e
therapeutic energy toward s the sense o f pragmatism in term of kola m this statement mentIOn
by Savita Jakhar The rea lity of kolam has been us ing in many as pects but doesn t shows the
sense of pragmatism Based on the author Moon intends to explain the concept o f m etaphor
and its relation through kolam Nagarajan VR ( l 998) This practice commonly [ollowed by
women can be us ed to mark space and time Based o n Nadarajan ve can relate ko lam witb
ritual ali and ecology The principal of pragmatism to und ers tand the religious and history life
o f itselfbut many people see it Ko lam subjec t matter just as a fl oor art and doesn t rece ive it is
pos iti v ity energy Mookerj ee ( J 998) In pragmatist way mural a rt is no t practiced that much
by A frican Women but they still employ traditio nal va lu es symbols and geometric
combinations Asante Opoku Asane (2011)
7
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
Conclusion of problem statement pragmatIsm shows practical needs of humans to
bel iefs and practice in a trad ition culture to show the va lue o f aesthetics in it Pragmatism
shows the va lue o f experi ence in a re li gious but the sharing of it is energy doesn t spread
much The cOfUlectivi ty between the sense of pragmatism and therapy are not combining
nowadays The formation of the design and pattern ofkolam have capability in the area of
therapeutic Gandash J S (2016)
13 Scope of Research
The scope of research the case srud y on Kolam by using the practices of therapeutic to
appl y in the experience of artist whi ch is knows as pragmati sm sense The pragmatism sense
shows the work of aJ1i st with artwork and the interactions itse lf By using the prob lem
sta tement stated by Savita Jakhar Gandesh will be appl y in an insta llation kolam The space
will be fully utilized to bring the experience of the artists to th e audience
8
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
b Sull1 JG i ( t(tw)Jtb ~II~ )le1 Ii1 11
~plh mm il rt ~l -pCf ICIK~middot
o~ prJt)~ln111l JmpltIJ~1 the v vrl 1)[ Jntsl Ihl
cormclI VI) [Jrm l~l ___ J1nrLKc~ til LhCIiIIP) n p H-middotU(lt lIill
11J1l11 Ihll1lplu[ j c
9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
14 T heofetical ramewofk
By showing Ihe theoretical framework resea rch through thi s diagram will explain from
the problem statemenl di vided into 3 deviations which is objectives By using 3 objectives will
show the final oulcome case stud y lowards Kolam
141 Framewofk
Problem Objectives OutcomesStatement
AplIYlng ~esthetics Idenl lfy the (pra~~a~ ~~~~1se)sen se of pragmatism
Th~ valM~ cH~hdIC 3AIIJ h~t thl p bys lla 1 rqJ~nh ~ t 11) l1 r
Th~ $1J111nLBl ~i tn ( 1 lht7ilp~ lfT~5- 01 tli Elt 1~llll
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9
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
15 Object ives
The objectives of the resea rch will sbow the flow of the overall resea rch
l ldentify ing the applica tion of pragmatism sense into indian culture Kolam through It is
aesthetics of rea lity
2 To a nalyse on physica l way of therap y approaches into indian culture Kolam
3 To implement the cOlUJecti vit y between pragmatism and therapeuti c in term of indian
culture Kolam
16 Research Questions
Based on th e resea rch ques tiO ns kolam Indian tradition art is one of the case study in th is
resea rch T hrough this ques ti on will be proven ho the workjng process goes through it is
case study
I How to identify the way of aesthetics through pragmatism theolY in Indian culture
Kolam
2 How therapy works in indian culture Kolam
3 Why does the cormectivlty between pragmatism sense and therapy ca n be apply in an
Indian culture Ko lam
10
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
CHAPTER 2
20 Literature Review
21 Introduction
As overall btief all of the literature review to idenhfied the defimhon of th e keywords in the
research Researcher had selected some artist to anal yse the way therapy works tn pragmati sm
sense which based on artist expen ence There some fact which had a rgue by some researcher
the used o f pragmahsm sense into an artwork Other than that it is also shows the
argumentative towards the sense of pragmatism in the reality of culture and religion used
21 1 Identifying the of Definition in Pragmatism towards Indian Culture Kola m
Pragmatism defines as strong metaphysical sense a theory shows towards the reality of
religious and it is understanding relating to spiritual and to prevent in the realism issue it self
through a problem requiring a so lution our human ways of representing and to be aware in the
real world Putnam (1978) It is existing to show the function of conceptualized in tetIDS of it
is effectiveness towards audi ence and it is also shows the purpose of an aI1work to share
experiences Pihlstrom ( 996) The facts regarding pragmati sm sense IS a strong metaphysical
sense Which is mean by impor1ance of aes thetics ex perience as consti tuti ve o f ar1 as IS
customary to pragmatist aes thetics (cf eg Shustennan 1992) By thi s fact had been
developed m the pragmatist tra dition from James and Dewey to Shustennan and other
contemporary pragmatists by not overlooking the fact that ar1istic and o ther humanl y shows
the sign of experiences are not culturally loaded but parts of human nature as welJ
II
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
According to pragmatism art is an essential part of life and society and should be analysed in
the context of social and cultural practices and institution Pihl stromS (2000)
The definition of therapeutic relation to a healing treatment It IS also sa id as personal
ex periences ma y ha ve an important impact on the process and outcomes of an therapy
Na hum NE (2008) Other than that based on anist Hiromi Tango an magic known as
therapy It gives audience a new expression towards an art She created her installation to
escape from a di sease From here can be conclude tha t therapy not just hea ling and it can be
involved with expressions
212 Argumentative Towards the Sense of Pragmatism in the Reality of Culture aDd
Religious
Pragmatism express a strong feeling Itking for something in tenn of practical Pragma tism was
origmally the thesis that the meaning of an idea can be found by attention to its practical
consequences P Raymond (2016) The theo) shows seeking the attention of audience As
mention by David Boersema the he approaches his Imowledge based on hi s th eo) was
break ing with much of the philosophical tradition and maintaining in some believes are true It
is proven that pragmatism shows the philosophical tradition in a research whereby can be uscd
in Indian tradition an The second way of pragmatist is William James having a principle to
und erstand the religious life In the scope of pragmatism tradition it is proven the va lue o f
aes thetics through religious life Shustennan (2000) Based on Dr Markus Lamrnenranta
defended the viewpoint towards ability by referring to an extra-anistic reality He mentioned
that kno wledge is more imponant than aesthetic experience artworks should mainly be
12
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
evaluated on the basis of their process of mind reading Putnam (1978) Tills experience can be
applied into an arti st itself there fore the value of aesthetics shows in an artwork
Through viewpo int of Shustelman art as an ac tion which becoming more int ense of
narural human experiences ca n through entirely narural human life be rumed into culturally
high traditions Phil slrom S (2000) Based on researcher kolam is a product of our hum an
culture go beyond all individual members of that culture Kolam to be known as aesthetics
value in a religious culture at the same time the al1 used to experiment into different
perspectives which pragmati sm performances therapy and brains ta nning Through this
argumentati ve of researcher the action of pragmatism shows towa rds the reality of culture
Other than that interaction takes place in an 311work to seek audi ence attention Danto (1 98 1)
213 The Connectivity between Pragmatism and Therapeutic in Indian Tradition Kolam
Kolam is a case study which use to connect between pragmatism and therapy towards
audience The theo retica ll y proven that the capabilit y of hea ling through al1 gets phys ica lly
we ll-being explore in art therapy Alexander C ( 1996) Savita l akhar Gandash is a person who
knows more about many facts in an art therap y She ex plains therapy through ko lam There
were va rious names of art willeh kolam also been included in thi s art form and it 1S also havi ng
so me similar practices She justified that therapy gets a person to conununicate in a different
way Kolam is a case study which may shows audience feedback either inner energy tes ted or
they just looking it as a product of aesthetics
Human visual memory have opportunity In their subconscious and thoughts By thi s
we ca n be seemg toward s pragmatism sense The sense of humor needed to be strong towa rds
13
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14
the creation o f arl Rahbar Nia Zamp Kheiry M (2013) It gives the interaction between the
arlwo rks and people It shows a strong value to a culture throu gh the art itself
214 Analyzing Artwork towards Pragmatist Sense in Contemporary
Based on arlist Sasha Meret shows the value of pragmatism sense towards healing therapy
Pos iti ve Pragm ati sm describe one man s prescription for living well w ith Parkinson s He
was diagn osed with Parkinsons in 2003 at the age of 47 Sasha spending alm os t 16 hours in
studio to create his arlwork While he spending time in studio he started to use ordinary
Objects and making them aesthetically beautiful and surprisingly his Parkinsons can be cure
interviewed by Meghan Sweemey Pragmatism are proven enhancing experience and thought
Sasha Meret is an arlist who going his Parkinsons experience in creating al1work the healing
process th erapy was applied at the same time The energy of It now everyday by curing hi s
sickness Thi s statement same as given by Savita 1akhar which kolam is a way of a11 therapy
The therapy goes by applying everyday morning and they get energy of positive vibrant itself
Based on the statement pragmatism sense shows the meaning of enhancing
experi ence thought and able to conununicate which stated by Putnam (197 8) it is been
appli ed by an arlist which is from Australia and his name is Andrew Paranavitana He works
often takes two avenues of theme a darker sometimes scary world of un seen ni ghtmares and
a nostal gic playground of warm memories much safer and happier than the forme r His uses
his every experience by using the method of tradisional photography to manipulate the
pic tures he took into a piece which can make viewer 10 cormecl with on multiple levels Based
on the s tatement gi ven by Putnam (I 978) and artwork by arlis t Andrew Paranavilana gi ves a
14