The Present Perfect The Past Perfect - Speechify

The Present Perfect&The Past Perfect

Review

4-1 Past participle

4-2 Forms of the present perfect

4-3 Meanings of the present perfect

4-4 Simple past vs. present perfect

4-5 Using since and for

4-6 Present perfect progressive

4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect

4-8 Using already, yet, still, and anymore

4-9 Past perfect

Content

Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.

Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her

grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.

Jenna _____ very good care her dog.

He __ a great dog.

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS love





He __ a great dog.

loves

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS be





He __ a great dog.

loves

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS give

is





He __ a great dog.

loves

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS find

gave

is





He __ a great dog.

loves

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS take

gave

found

is





He __ a great dog.

loves

be

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS

gave

found

takes

is





He __ a great dog.

loves

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS

gave

found

takes

is

is

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

She has forgotten his name.

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

REGULAR

VERBS

IRREGULAR

VERBS

SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

finish

stop

wait

see

make

put

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

REGULAR

VERBS

IRREGULAR

VERBS

SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

finish

stop

wait

see

make

put

finished

stopped

waited

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

REGULAR

VERBS

IRREGULAR

VERBS

SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

finish

stop

wait

see

make

put

finished

stopped

waited

finished

stopped

waited

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

REGULAR

VERBS

IRREGULAR

VERBS

SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

finish

stop

wait

see

make

put

finished

stopped

waited

saw

made

put

finished

stopped

waited

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

REGULAR

VERBS

IRREGULAR

VERBS

SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

finish

stop

wait

see

make

put

finished

stopped

waited

saw

made

put

finished

stopped

waited

seen

made

put

4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

REGULAR

VERBS

IRREGULAR

VERBS

SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

finish

stop

wait

see

make

put

finished

stopped

waited

saw

made

put

finished

stopped

waited

seen

made

put

past perfect tense

present perfect tense

4-1 LET’S PRACTICE

SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

stop

go

take

write

stopped

went

took

wrote


SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

stop

go

take

write

stopped

went

took

wrote

stopped


SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

stop

go

take

write

stopped

went

took

wrote

stoppedgone


SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

stop

go

take

write

stopped

went

took

wrote

stoppedgone

taken


SIMPLE

FORM

SIMPLE

PAST

PAST

PARTICIPLE

stop

go

take

write

stopped

went

took

wrote

stoppedgone

taken

written

4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

He has finished all his work.



(a) I have worked very hard this year.

(b) The students have worked hard.

(c) Alex has worked very hard.









STATEMENT: have/has + past participle



CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve

pronoun + has =k’s


(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.

(e) She’s/He’s gone home.

(f) It’s been hot all week.

















(g) I have not gone home yet.

(h) Fatima has not gone home.

NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle


(g) I have not gone home yet.

(h) Fatima has not gone home.

NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION:

have + not = haven’t

has + not = hasn’t


(g) I haven’t gone home yet.

(h) Fatima hasn’t gone home.


(i) Have you read

the report?



(j) Has Marcy gone home?

(k) How long have you worked there?


(j) Has Marcy gone home?

(k) How long have you worked there?

QUESTION :

have/has + subject + past participle


(l)

Have you read all

of this article?


(l)

Have you read all

of this article?

No, I haven’t. I

have only read a

few pages.


(l)

SHORT ANSWER:

have/haven’t

Have you read all

of this article?

No, I haven’t. I

have only read a

few pages.


(m)Has Kyung

finished her

homework?


(m)Yes, she has. She

did it after school.

Has Kyung

finished her

homework?


(m)

SHORT ANSWER:

has/hasn’t

Yes, she has. She

did it after school.

Has Kyung

finished her

homework?

___________________ a snake?


PRESENT PERFECT you

touch

ever

___________________ a snake?


PRESENT PERFECT

Have you ever touched

you

touch

ever

________________


PRESENT PERFECT touch

never

No,

a snake.

________________


PRESENT PERFECT

I’ve never touched

touch

never

No,

a snake.

_________________ a shark?


PRESENT PERFECT

Justin

see

ever

_________________ a shark?


PRESENT PERFECT

Has Justin ever seen

Justin

see

ever

Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,


PRESENT PERFECT

South Africa.

Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,


PRESENT PERFECT

has

South Africa.

4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

Tyler has taken his first steps.

Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.


MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED

BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME

PRESENT PERFECT


MEANING #1


(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.

(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.

(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?

MEANING #1





MEANING #1





occurred before now or

sometime in the past

MEANING #1





MEANING #1





no

w

X

MEANING #1





no

w

before now

X

MEANING #1





no

w

tim

e?

X

before now

X

MEANING #1


MEANING #1


(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.

(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.

MEANING #1




activity repeated

before now, unspecified past times

MEANING #1


MEANING #1




MEANING #1




no

w

X

MEANING #1




no

w

X

before now

XXX

MEANING #1


PRESENT PERFECT

MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN

IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE

PRESENT.


MEANING #2


(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.

(g) I have played the violin for six years.

I learned to play six years ago, and I still

play it.

MEANING #2



(g) I have played the violin for six years.

I learned to play six years ago, and I still

play it.

present perfect +since

for

past present

MEANING #2


MEANING #2:

xx

x

8:0

0 no

w



MEANING #1: Something happened before

now at an unspecified time.

MEANING #2: A situation began in the

past and continues to the present.

Kyung has already taken the test.

OR ?


MEANING #1: Something happened before

now at an unspecified time.


past and continues to the present.

Kyung has already taken the test.


MEANING #1: Something happened

before now at an unspecified time


past and continues to the present

I’ve been studying since 8 AM.

OR ?






I’ve been studying since 8 AM.






Rosa has been to Italy three times.

OR ?






Rosa has been to Italy three times.

4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT

I had an angel fish when I was a child.

I have had many otherfish since then.


SIMPLE PAST

(a) They completed the game at 4:00.


SIMPLE PAST


PRESENT PERFECT

(b) They have already completed the game.


SIMPLE PAST


PRESENT PERFECT

(b) They have already completed the game.

specific time

unspecified time


SIMPLE PAST

(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.


SIMPLE PAST


PRESENT PERFECT

(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.


SIMPLE PAST


PRESENT PERFECT

(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.

specific time

unspecified time


SIMPLE PAST

(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.


SIMPLE PAST


PRESENT PERFECT

(f) Eli has been camping for 9 days.


SIMPLE PAST


PRESENT PERFECT

(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.


SIMPLE PAST


PRESENT PERFECT


for activity began & ended in past


SIMPLE PAST


PRESENT PERFECT


for activity began & ended in past

for / since activity began & continues


SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?We have been in Tokyo

many times.

OR


SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME

We have been in Tokyo

many times.

OR

UNSPECIFIEDPRESENT

PERFECT


SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Barry has never been to Tokyo.

OR



Barry has never been to Tokyo.

OR

UNSPECIFIEDPRESENT

PERFECT


SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Gina went to Tokyo

last month.

OR



Gina went to Tokyo

last month.

OR

SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST

4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR

I have been here since 6:00 AM.


(a) I have worked here

since noon.

since Wednesday.

since April.

since 2006.

since May 9, 2007.

since yesterday.

since last week.



since noon.

since Wednesday.

since April.

since 2006.

since May 9, 2007.

since yesterday.

since last week.



since noon.

since Wednesday.

since April.

since 2006.

since May 9, 2007.

since yesterday.

since last week.



since noon.

since Wednesday.

since April.

since 2006.

since May 9, 2007.

since yesterday.

since last week.



since noon.

since Wednesday.

since April.

since 2006.

since May 9, 2007.

since yesterday.

since last week.



since noon.

since Wednesday.

since April.

since 2006.

since May 9, 2007.

since yesterday.

since last week.



since noon.

since Wednesday.

since April.

since 2006.

since May 9, 2007.

since yesterday.

since last week.



since noon.

since Wednesday.

since April.

since 2006.

since May 9, 2007.

since yesterday.

since last week.

Since Specific point in time


(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.

CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.




(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.





present perfect + since






present progressive NOT used







(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.











simple present NOT used




(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.







simple past NOT used






simple past NOT used

INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007.


(f) I have known her since I was fifteen.

MAIN CLAUSE

(present perfect)

SINCE-CLAUSE

(simple past)



MAIN CLAUSE

(present perfect)

SINCE-CLAUSE

(simple past)

(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer.



MAIN CLAUSE

(present perfect)

SINCE-CLAUSE

(simple past)

(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer.

Since time clause


(h) I have worked here

for fifty minutes.

for five hours.

for ten days.

for about six weeks.

for almost two months.

for many years.

for a long time.



for fifty minutes.

for five hours.

for ten days.



for many years.

for a long time.



for fifty minutes.

for five hours.

for ten days.



for many years.

for a long time.



for fifty minutes.

for five hours.

for ten days.



for many years.

for a long time.



for fifty minutes.

for five hours.

for ten days.



for many years.

for a long time.



for fifty minutes.

for five hours.

for ten days.



for many years.

for a long time.



for fifty minutes.

for five hours.

for ten days.



for many years.

for a long time.



for fifty minutes.

for five hours.

for ten days.



for many years.

for a long time.

For length of time


(i) I have worked here for twelve years.

I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.




(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.





present perfect + for + length of time






past present






past present

simple past






past present

simple past

past present


Mary has been playing the piano

since ___________.

3 hours

she was six



since ___________.

3 hours

she was six

she was six



since ___________.

3 hours

she was six

she was six


for ___________.



since ___________.

3 hours

she was six

she was six


for ___________. three hours


Alejandro has studied English

since ________________.

he started school

15 years



since ________________.

he started school

15 years

he started school



since ________________.

he started school

15 years

he started school


for __________________.



since ________________.

he started school

15 years

he started school


for __________________. fifteen years


I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.

for

since



for

since

since



for

since

since

My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years.



for

since

since

My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years.for

4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Dee has been workingfor ten hours.


(a) Dee has been working since

6 o’clock.

(b) She has been working for

ten hours.


(a) Dee has been working since

6 o’clock.

(b) She has been working for

ten hours.

STATEMENT:

have/has + been + -ing


(c) How long has she been working?


(c) How long has she been working?

QUESTION FORM:

have/has + subject + been + -ing


(d) Mary is playing the piano right now.



PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

in progress right now

duration of time not mentioned



PRESENT PROGRESSIVE


duration of time not mentioned

Mary has been playing the piano right now.


(e) Mary has been playing since noon.



(f) Mary has been playing for an hour.



PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

began in past


time expressed





began in past


time expressed

Mary is playing the piano since noon.



(g) CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.



(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy.




(i) CORRECT: She has owned it

for one month.





for one month.

(j) INCORRECT: She has been owning

it for one month.





for one month.

(j) INCORRECT: She has been owning

it for one month.

non-action verbs progressive tenses


My sister _________ the phone.

usePRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR




use

is using

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR




use

is using

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


She _____________ it for three

hours. I need to make a call.



use

is using

has been using

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


She _____________ it for three

hours. I need to make a call.


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


dance


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


dance

are dancing


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


Her parents __________.

They ________________

together for over thirty years.

dance

are dancing


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


Her parents __________.

They ________________

together for over thirty years.

dance

are dancing

have been dancing


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


go


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


go

going


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR


Where are you _______for

the summer holiday?

I am ______ to the beach.

I ______________ to the beach

go

going


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR



the summer holiday?


I ______________ to the beach

go

going

going


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR



the summer holiday?


I ______________ to the beach

go

going

going

every summer since I was a child.


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

OR



the summer holiday?


I ______________ to the beach

go

going

going

have been going

every summer since I was a child.

4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs.

PRESENT PERFECT

These guys are hiking.They have been hiking for several days.


PRESENT PERFECT


(a) My cousin is hiking with his friends.

They have been hiking for several days.


PRESENT PERFECT




PRESENT PERFECT

(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.


PRESENT PERFECT




repeated activities

unspecified times in the past

PRESENT PERFECT


duration of present activities,

action verbs


PRESENT PERFECT

(c) INCORRECT: My cousin has been hiking

many mountains.



PRESENT PERFECT

(d) The guys have known each other for

ten years.


PRESENT PERFECT

(e) INCORRECT: The guys have been knowing

each other for ten years.


ten years.


PRESENT PERFECT

(e) INCORRECT: The guys have been knowing

each other for ten years.


ten years.

duration of present activities,

non-action verbs


PRESENT PERFECT

(f) I have been studying medicine for one year.

OR

(g) I have studied medicine for one year.


PRESENT PERFECT

(f) I have been studying medicine for one year.

OR

(g) I have studied medicine for one year.


PRESENT PERFECT

same meaning


PRESENT PERFECT

(h) Rolf has been running every day since he

was a child.

OR

Rolf has run every day since he was a child.


PRESENT PERFECT

(h) Rolf has been running every day since he

was a child.

OR

Rolf has run every day since he was a child.


PRESENT PERFECT

usual, habitual activities

either tense okay

(i) I’ve been studying Spanish ever since I

visited Mexico.

OR

I’ve studied Spanish ever since I visited

Mexico.


PRESENT PERFECT


either tense okay

(i) I’ve been studying Spanish ever since I

visited Mexico.

OR

I’ve studied Spanish ever since I visited

Mexico.


PRESENT PERFECT


either tense okay


PRESENT PERFECT

How long ___ your family ______ here?

We __________ here for ten years.

live


PRESENT PERFECT



live

has


PRESENT PERFECT



live

livedhas


PRESENT PERFECT



live

lived

have lived

has



How long ___ your family _________ here?

We _____________ here for ten years.

live





live

has





live

been livinghas





live

been living

have been living

has

4-8 USING ALREADY, YET, STILL, AND ANYMORE

I already fed the dog.


ALREADY

(a) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago.



ALREADY

(a) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago.


happened before now

Position: midsentence


YET

(b) I usually feed the dog, but I haven’t

fed him yet.


YET

(b) I usually feed the dog, but I haven’t

fed him yet.

did not happen before now

Position: end of sentence


STILL

(c) I fed the dog thirty minutes ago. He is

still hungry. He still wants to eat.

(d) I liked classical movies when I was

in college. I still like them.

(e) It hasn’t rained all week. It still isn’t

raining.


STILL






raining.


STILL






raining.


STILL

situation continues to exist







raining.


STILL

situation continues to exist



ANYMORE

(f) I used to be a teacher, but I retired.

I don’t work anymore.

does not continue



ANYMORE

(f) I used to be a teacher, but I retired.

I don’t work anymore.

does not continue



ALREADY

(a) I already fed the dog.

affirmative

sentences


ALREADY


affirmative

sentences

YET(b) I haven’t fed him yet.


ALREADY


affirmative

sentences

YET(b) I haven’t fed him yet. negative

sentencesANYMORE(f) I don’t work anymore.


ALREADY


affirmative

sentences

YET(b) I haven’t fed him yet. negative

sentencesANYMORE(f) I don’t work anymore.

(c) He is still hungry.

(e) It still isn’t raining.

STILL affirmative

or negative

sentences


already

yet

still

anymore

She doesn’t have any money.

She _______ spent it all.


already

yet

still

anymore

She doesn’t have any money.

She _______ spent it all.already


already

yet

still

anymore

I did some homework, but I

______ have more to do.


already

yet

still

anymore

I did some homework, but I

______ have more to do.still


already

yet

still

anymore

We used to be friends, but we had an argument.

We don’t like each other ________.


already

yet

still

anymore

We used to be friends, but we had an argument.

We don’t like each other ________.anymore

4-9 PAST PERFECT

When they arrived at the store, it had already closed.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(a) When they arrived at the store, it had

already closed.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(a) When they arrived at the store, it had

already closed.

two events in the past

1st event - Past Perfect

2nd event – Simple Past

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(b) The store had already closed when

they arrived.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(b) The store had already closed when

they arrived.

FORM: had + past participle

4-9 PAST PERFECT

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(c) It’d closed.

She’d gone home.

He’d gone home.

They’d gone home.

We’d gone home.

You’d gone home.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(c) It’d closed.

She’d gone home.

He’d gone home.

They’d gone home.

We’d gone home.

You’d gone home.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(c) It’d closed.

She’d gone home.

He’d gone home.

They’d gone home.

We’d gone home.

You’d gone home.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(c) It’d closed.

She’d gone home.

He’d gone home.

They’d gone home.

We’d gone home.

You’d gone home.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(c) It’d closed.

She’d gone home.

He’d gone home.

They’d gone home.

We’d gone home.

You’d gone home.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

(c) It’d closed.

She’d gone home.

He’d gone home.

They’d gone home.

We’d gone home.

You’d gone home.

CONTRACTION:

I / you / she / he / it / we / they + ’d

4-9 PAST PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT

XXbefo

renow

now

(d) I’m not cooking now.

I’ve already ordered

pizza.

4-9 PAST PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT

XXbefo

renow

now



pizza.

occurred before now,

at an unspecified time

4-9 PAST PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

XX XXbefo

renow

now



pizza.

befo

renoon

noon

(e) I was not cooking at noon.

I had already ordered

pizza.



4-9 PAST PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

XX XXbefo

renow

now



pizza.

befo

renoon

noon

(e) I was not cooking at noon.

I had already ordered

pizza.



occurred before another

time in the past

4-9 PAST PERFECT

PAST PROGRESSIVE

(f) I was waiting when

the pizza arrived.

piz

za

arr

ive

d

began

waitin

gXX

4-9 PAST PERFECT

PAST PROGRESSIVE


the pizza arrived.

in progress at a particular

time in the past

piz

za

arr

ive

d

began

waitin

gXX

4-9 PAST PERFECT

PAST PROGRESSIVE PAST PERFECT

XX


the pizza arrived.

piz

za

arr

ived

(g) The pizza had arrived

when he came home.


time in the past

piz

za

arr

ive

d

began

waitin

gXX

4-9 PAST PERFECT

PAST PROGRESSIVE PAST PERFECT

XX


the pizza arrived.

piz

za

arr

ived

(g) The pizza had arrived

when he came home.


time in the past

completed before a

particular time in the past

he c

am

eh

om

e

piz

za

arr

ive

d

began

waitin

gXX

4-9 PAST PERFECT

1st

2nd

I had already gone to bed

when it started snowing.

a. it started snowing ____

b. I went to bed ____

4-9 PAST PERFECT

1st

2nd




b. I went to bed ____

2nd

4-9 PAST PERFECT

1st

2nd




b. I went to bed ____1st

2nd

4-9 PAST PERFECT

1st

2ndI tried to go shopping, but the

store had closed.

a. store closed ____

b. tried to go shopping ____

4-9 PAST PERFECT

1st


store had closed.



1st

4-9 PAST PERFECT

1st


store had closed.



1st

2nd

4-9 PAST PERFECT

1st

2nd

A friend called to suggest a good movie.

She had seen it last Friday.

a. the friend saw the movie ____

b. the friend called ____

4-9 PAST PERFECT

1st

2nd





1st

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PHOTO CREDITS

Documents

The Present Perfect The Past Perfect - Speechify