Slide 2 The Presidency The Congress The Judiciary Slide 3 1
Slide 4 2 3 Slide 5 4 Slide 6 Magna Carta stood for 400 years The
Magna Carta stood for 400 years. The ideas of greater Parliamentary
power grew Petition of Right In 1628, King Charles II asked
Parliament to levy heavier taxes, but they refused until he was
willing to sign the Petition of Right. Petition of Right
firstlimited the kings powers by not allowing him to imprison or
punish people without a jury impose martial lawquarter troops
without the consent of citizens The Petition of Right [1628] first
limited the kings powers by not allowing him to imprison or punish
people without a jury of his peers (or law of the land), to impose
martial law, or to quarter troops without the consent of citizens.
extended the power of the Parliament by requiring their consent on
most matters Most importantly, it extended the power of the
Parliament by requiring their consent on most matters challenged
the theory of the divine right It challenged the theory of the
divine right! 5 Slide 7 1688 In 1688, Parliament overthrew King
James who escaped to France. Glorious Revolution. T his became
known as the Glorious Revolution. William and Queen Parliament
invited King William and Queen Mary of the Netherlands Mary of the
Netherlands to take the throne. Slide 8 William and Mary did away
with the Dominion of New England and restored the assemblies
English Bill of Rights They also signed the English Bill of Rights
(1689) William III (of Orange) Mary II Queen Mary II, after a
painting by William Wissing Public domain image Slide 9 6 Slide 10
So, as you can see,the foundation of British government are these
three: 1. Magna Carta 2. Petition of Right 3. English Bill of
Rights Slide 11 7 8 Slide 12 9 Slide 13 William Penn 10 Slide 14 11
12 Slide 15 Review 1-10 1. Early English settlers brought knowledge
of political systems from __________ __________ _______? 2. The
English colonists brought what 3 ideas that helped shape our
current democracy? 3. What document was signed by King John I and
protected rights such as trial by jury, due process, protections of
life, liberty and property? 4. What document signed by King Charles
II limited the kings powers by not allowing him to imprison or
punish people without a jury of his peers (or law of the land), to
impose martial law, or to quarter troops without the consent of
citizens? 5. What document guaranteed, passed in 1689 guaranteed
trial by jury, protection from cruel and unusual punishment,
ensured that the King could not raise taxes or an army without
Parliaments approval and it granted freedom of religious worship to
all Christians, except Catholics, and persons denying the Trinity
(Jews, etc.). 6. The first colony established was Virginia. What
year was this? 7. What is a charter? 8. Colonies directly
controlled by the king who appointed a governor and counsel of
advisors was called a what? 9. Colonies that were organized by
someone to whom the King gave a land grant were called what? 10.
Colonies that were based on charters granted by the king and given
very generous powers of self-rule were called what? English Common
Law Ordered, Limited, & Representative Government Magna Carta
Petition of Right English Bill of Rights 1607 Charters based on
charters granted by the king Royal Colonies Proprietary Colonies
Charter Colonies Slide 16 Slide 17 The British government found
itself in serious debt after the French & Indian War-
133,000,000!!! The British government found itself in serious debt
after the French & Indian War- 133,000,000!!! Taxes in Great
Britain rose tremendously! Taxes in Great Britain rose
tremendously! Slide 18 As a result, Prime Minister George
Greenville decided to institute a tax in the colonies on molasses,
reasoning that the colonists had gained the most as a result of the
French and Indian War and needed to pay their share of the debt.
George Greenville Courtesy of Florida Center for Instructional
Technology. (1722- 1770) Member of the House of Commons and First
Lord of the Treasury Source: Benson J. Lossing, The Pictorial
Field-Book of the Revolution (New York: Harper & Brothers,
1852) Keywords: portrait, House of Commons, Lord of the Treasury
Slide 19 SUGAR ACT of 1764 The SUGAR ACT of 1764 (Grenville
American Revenue Act) was passed by Parliament. forbade the import
of foreign molasses It replaced the Molasses Act of 1733 which
forbade the import of foreign molasses (no molasses from French,
Dutch, Spanish colonies). ignored the Molasses Act Most merchants
and traders ignored the Molasses Act of 1733 and smuggled molasses
from the West Indies or bribed tax collectors. Slide 20 Courtesy of
The Manhattan Rare Book Company 13 Slide 21 Actual British
Government Stamp 14 Slide 22 Slide 23 The purpose of the Stamp Act
was to help pay for the large number of British troops in the
colonies Slide 24 Protests Protests broke out in New York City,
Newport, RI, Boston, MA Hartford, CT and Charleston, SC. Mobs
burned effigies tarred and feathered Mobs burned effigies
(likenesses) of tax collectors and some were tarred and feathered.
The Bostonians paying the exciseman or tarring & feathering.
(Cartoon). Lithograph by Pendleton, 1830, after print published in
London in 1774. Colorized. Public domain image Slide 25 The British
were surprised and outraged by the colonists unwillingness to
accept the taxes British paid 25 times more The British paid 25
times more in taxes than the colonists. $1.20 in taxes per year The
average colonist paid the equivalent of $1.20 in taxes per year.
Slide 26 NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION! they were being taxed
without representation in Parliament dated back to the Magna Carta
The problem with that, the colonists argued, was not with the tax
itself, but with the fact that they were being taxed without
representation in Parliament (the right to be taxed with
representation, they argued, dated back to the Magna Carta). What
they wanted was colonial approval of taxes in their own
legislatures. Slide 27 James Otis. The first to use the term was
James Otis. He was a wealthy lawyer who quit his position as the
Kings advocate general of the vice- admiralty after his conscience
got the best of him. Taxation without representation is tyranny. He
said, Taxation without representation is tyranny. James Otis James
Otis, portrait by J. Blackburn, 1755; in the Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C. 15 Slide 28 Stamp Act Congress opposed to the
Stamp Act On October 7, 1765, the first meeting of the Stamp Act
Congress was held in New York City by delegates opposed to the
Stamp Act. The meeting was the idea of James Otis. Delegates from 9
colonies attended (VA, NH, NC and GA declined). Stamp Act protest
by newspaper publisher William Bradford Library of Congress Public
domain image 16 Slide 29 George III by Allan Ramsay, 1762. National
Portrait Gallery, London. Public domain image Slide 30 boycott 14%
drop in trade. The boycott resulted in a 14% drop in trade. British
merchants and workers suffered because of the boycott. Slide 31
Declaratory Act right of the Parliament to raise taxes on the
colonies In 1766, the Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, but it
passed the Declaratory Act which reserved the right of the
Parliament to raise taxes on the colonies. Although the colonists
were happy about the repeal, taxation without representation would
still be an issue. Slide 32 Review 11-15 11. Why did the British
feel it was proper to increase taxes in the colonies? 12. What act
replaced the Molasses Act of 1733 placing allowing merchants to
purchase molasses from foreign nations by paying a tax? 13. What
Act imposed a tax on 55 types of printed material including wills,
diplomas, almanacs, newspapers, playing cards, and dice 14. What
group met for the first time on October 7, 1765 in order to draft
petitions to King George III demanding that he repeal colonial
taxes? 15. What tactic, or form of protest, ultimately led to the
repeal of the Stamp Act of 1765. Sugar Act of 1764 The colonists
had gained the most in the French & Ind. War. Stamp Act of 1765
Stamp Act Congress Boycotted British goods Slide 33 In 1767,
Charles Townshend, the leader of the British Treasury, proposed the
Townshend Acts Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts tax on lead,
paint, glass, tea, silk, and paper (1) placed a tax on lead, paint,
glass, tea, silk, and paper (it would again be used to pay for
troops in the colonies). new and corrupt customs officers (2) It
also ordered new and corrupt customs officers into the area. The
Honorable Charles Townshend 17 Slide 34 Merchants and planters from
all 13 colonies signed nonimportation agreements. The agreements
promised that they would boycott the importation of British goods
in the hope that the Townshend Acts would be repealed. Slide 35 18
Slide 36 Another British law that causes great controversy in the
colonies is the Quartering Act (1765). T he Quartering Act
colonists pay for the quartering T he Quartering Act required that
colonists pay for the quartering (lodging) of British soldiers (as
well as bedding, candles, and drinks). quartering of soldiers in
private homes taxes to be used to pay for barracks and for lodging
in taverns and inns In 1774, the British required the quartering of
soldiers in private homes. The Quartering Act called for taxes to
be used to pay for barracks and for lodging in taverns and inns. 19
Slide 37 Two regiments of British soldiers arrived shortly
thereafter. They set up camp on Boston Common. They suffered
insults and beating when walking the streets. Slide 38 The Boston
Massacre British soldiers were paid very little, and they were not
provided with the necessities of life (food, etc). As a result,
many searched for work in their off hours. One soldier searched for
work near Greys Ropewalk. A small number of colonists showed their
displeasure by rioting and later harassed a sentry in Boston 400
eventually gathered! Slide 39 Boston Massacredeaths of5 colonists.
6 were wounded In the end, the Boston Massacre resulted in the
deaths of 5 colonists. 6 were wounded. Crispus Attucks - 1. Crispus
Attucks - shot twice in the chest (considered the first martyr for
American Independence) Samuel Grey - 2. Samuel Grey - shot in the
head James Caldwell - 3. James Caldwell - shot twice in the back
Samuel Maverick - 4. Samuel Maverick - 17 years old, shot in the
abdomen Patrick Carr - 5. Patrick Carr - shot in the hip, exited
side Boston Massacre, Mar. 5, 1770. Chromolithograph by John
Bufford National Archives and Records Administration 20 Slide 40
Captain Preston and six of his men were charged with murder. Two
prominent lawyers decided to defend the soldiers. Josiah Quincy and
John Adams, despite their patriot loyalties, took the case because
they strongly believed in the right to a fair trial. The lawyers
argued that the men only acted in self-defense. Josiah Quincy John
Adams Slide 41 Slide 42 inform citizens in Massachusetts about the
actions of the To inform citizens in Massachusetts about the
actions of the Britishcommittees of correspondence. British, Sam
Adams set up committees of correspondence. Soon, committees of
correspondence were set up in all 13 colonies. This helped
Americans unite against the British. 21 Slide 43 Review 16-21 16.
What act placed taxes on lead, paint, glass, tea, silk, and paper
17. How did merchants and planters protest the Townshend Acts? 18.
What group held meeting around liberty trees & hanged effigies
of British officials? 19. What act required that colonists pay for
the lodging of British soldiers (as well as bedding, candles, and
drinks)? 20. The event that famously took place on March 5, 1770,
referred to as the Boston Massacre, led to the death of how many
men? 21. What was the purpose of the committees of correspondence?
Townshend Acts Boycotted the importation of British goods Sons of
Liberty Quartering Act 5 To inform MA citizens of British actions
Slide 44 Teapopular in the colonies Tea was incredibly popular in
the colonies. British East India Company was the major source of
tea The British East India Company was the major source of tea in
the colonies. The company was in great financial trouble and the
British government decided to help. Slide 45 Tea Act of 1773 The
Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773 to help reduce the 15 million
pounds of tea in British warehouses. act actually lowered taxes in
the colonies The act actually lowered taxes in the colonies and
allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to
colonial merchants (of their choice) and bypass the wholesalers and
retailers who usually bought it from them first in England. The
British thought the colonists would be pleased by this action. TEA
Slide 46 Tea Act was unpopular To the surprise of Parliament, the
Tea Act was unpopular. destroy colonial merchants American tea
smugglers hated it American merchants argued it was an attempt to
destroy colonial merchants by cutting them out of the tea trade and
American tea smugglers hated it for obvious reasons (many colonists
purchased smuggled tea). trick to get colonists to accept British
taxes The Sons of Liberty argued that it was a trick to get
colonists to accept British taxes, regardless of how small it was.
Slide 47 boycott The colonists again instituted a boycott. liberty
tea Daughters of Liberty served coffee or liberty tea made from
raspberry leaves. prevented ships carrying British tea from
unloading Sons of Liberty prevented ships carrying British tea from
unloading. Slide 48 darkness of night The Sons of Liberty rowed
quietly out to the three ships in the darkness of night and boarded
them on Dec. 16, 1773 "The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor."
1773. Copy of lithograph by Sarony & Major, 1846. Credit:
National Archives and Records Administration NOTE THE INACCURACY!
Public domain image Slide 49 dumped 342 crates of tea into Boston
Harbor $90,000 The men dumped 342 crates of tea into Boston Harbor
which was valued at about $90,000. quietly rowed back to shore.
When they were finished, they quietly rowed back to shore. Slide 50
King George III was outraged! He asked Parliament to pass a series
of very harsh laws designed to punish the people of Boston. King
George III Slide 51 The Intolerable Acts Coercive Acts The
Intolerable Acts (or Coercive Acts), as they were nicknamed by the
colonists Did several things: 1. closed Boston Harbor 2. limited
power of MA legislature, made the governor more powerful. 3. local
officials were to be appointed by the royal governor. 4.Town
meetings could only be held once per year. 5.British officials
charged with major crimes were to be tried in England. 6.
Quartering Act was extended to include private homes. 22 Slide 52
23 Slide 53 The meeting consisted of a lot of arguments and a lot
of prayer. In the end they did the following: Denounced the
Intolerable Acts and Quebec Act. Denounced the Intolerable Acts and
Quebec Act. Called for a boycott of all British goods as well as an
exportation ban. Called for a boycott of all British goods as well
as an exportation ban. Urged colonies to train militias. Urged
colonies to train militias. The delegates also agreed to meet again
in May 1775. The delegates also agreed to meet again in May 1775.
"The Bostonians in Distress." Copy mezzotint attributed to Philip
Dawe, 1774 Credit: National Archives and Records Administration
Slide 54 first battle of the Revolution On April 19, 1775, the
first battle of the Revolution ensued with 70 men standing on
Lexington Lexington Green against 400 British troops on their way
to Concord. 8 colonists were killed In the end, 8 colonists were
killed with no British fatalities. Courtesy of the Army National
Guard Slide 55 LEXINGTON AND CONCORD With Paul Reveres
announcement, the Colonists and the British began fighting in April
of 1775 American RevolutionThe first battle of the American
Revolution lasted only 15 minutes, but its impact has lasted for
over 200 years Slide 56 When the British returned from Concord they
met 300 colonial militia on the North Bridge (just outside of
Concord). Fighting broke out, and the colonials drove the British
back. As the British retreated, they were picked off by snipers
hiding in trees and in the fields (likely 11,000 militia
participated). Slide 57 Lexington and Concord Word of the Battles
of Lexington and Concord spread quickly. war was now inevitable
Many colonists realized that war was now inevitable. There was no
possibility of resolving the differences between the colonies and
Great Britain peacefully. 24 Slide 58 Review 22-29 22. Why did
colonists oppose the Tea Act of 1773? 23. List three things the
Intolerable (Coercive) Acts did? 24. How did colonists outside of
Massachusetts demonstrate their support for the people of Boston?
25. In what year did the First Continental Congress meet? 26. What
was accomplished during the first meeting of the Continental
Congress? 27. Massachusetts militiamen who could be ready for
battle in a minute, were referred to as what? 28. Where was (a) the
first engagement between British troops and Massachusetts
militiamen, & (b) what was the result ? 29. The 1 st battles of
1775 convinced many colonists of what? They thought it was an
attempt to destroy colonial merchants. 1.Closed Boston harbor 2.
Limited town meetings to once a year. 3. Extended quartering act to
private homes Boycott British goods 1774 Minutemen Lexington 8
colonists were killed; no British were killed. That war was
inevitable. Slide 59 OLIVE BRANCH PETITION By July 1775, the Second
Continental Congress was readying for war, though still hoping for
peace Most delegates deeply loyalMost delegates deeply loyal to
King George III Olive Branch PetitionJuly 8 Olive Branch Petition
sent to King who flatly refused it Slide 60 Many of those in
positions of power were also impressed Thomas Paines Common Sense
by Thomas Paines Common Sense I am now convinced of the necessity
for separation. Virginia delegate to Second Continental Congress,
Richard Henry Lee, was moved to say, I am now convinced of the
necessity for separation. Richard Henry Lee By Charles Wilson
Peale, 1784. 25 Thomas Paine Slide 61 Richard Henry Lee That these
United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent
states and that all political connection between them and the State
of Great Britain is, and ought to be totally dissolved. On June 7,
1776, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia resolved before the Congress,
That these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and
independent states and that all political connection between them
and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be totally
dissolved. Richard Henry Lee 26 Slide 62 Voting in favor of Lees
resolution was dangerous treason The delegates realized that Great
Britain would treat a vote in favor of independence as treason.
They realized that a conviction as a traitor would result in their
execution Slide 63 After a day of debate, and 2 colonies (PA and
SC) changing their votes in favor of independence, the delegates
decided to appoint a committee to write a Declaration of
Independence. Slide 64 The committee appointed to draft a
declaration of independence included John Adams, Benjamin Franklin,
Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. The purpose
for creating the Declaration of Independence was to tell the world
why they felt it was necessary to break away from Great Britain and
form their own government. Courtesy of John Buxton. Founding
Fathers The Declaration Committee by John Buxton Slide 65 Thomas
Jefferson chosen to actually write the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson was chosen to actually write the Declaration of
Independence. He was considered an incredibly eloquent writer, but
his earlier writings were much too radical for most Americans 27
Slide 66 The first draft of the Declaration of Independence
included a paragraph on the evils of slavery, blaming King George
III for the institution in the Americas. Southern slave holders and
Yankee traders successfully insisted that it be removed. Early
draft of the Declaration Public domain image Slide 67 free and
independent states. On July 2, 1776, the Second Continental
Congress voted that the 13 colonies were free and independent
states. Declaration of Independence On July 4, 1776, delegates
signed (but not all) the Declaration of Independence. Slide 68
"Reading the Declaration of Independence from the East Balcony of
the Old State House, Boston, Mass. July 18, 1776." Keywords:
Revolutionary War Credit: National Archives and Records
Administration Slide 69 Public domain image Slide 70 John Locke all
men were entitled to the rights of life, liberty, and property
Jeffersons ideas about the rights of human beings came from an
English philosopher named John Locke (1632- 1704) who argued that
all men were entitled to the rights of life, liberty, and property.
property pursuit of happiness. Jeffersons wanted to broaden the
philosophy and changed property to pursuit of happiness. John Locke
Painted by Sir Gotfrey Kneller, 1697 Public domain image 28 Slide
71 purposes of a governmentprotectthe basic rights of life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness The Declaration also argued
that one of the purposes of a government was to protect the basic
rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Governments
only existed if they had the consent of the governed. Governments
only existed if they had the consent of the governed. 29 Slide 72
to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their
future security If the government failed to protect basic human
rights or were the cause of a violation of rights, the Declaration
stated that citizens had a right and a duty to throw off such
Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
Slide 73 Second part wrongs committed by King George III. The
Second part of the Declaration of Independence lists the wrongs
committed by King George III. SUCH AS It lists a variety of abuses
of power SUCH AS : dismissal of legislatures, sending corrupt
customs agents sending troops to America during peace time imposing
taxes without consent requiring the quartering troops depriving
colonists of a trial by jury (pg.154-156) Part II 30 Slide 74 The
third part of the Declaration of Independence officially announced
that the 13 British Colonies were now the United States of America.
It stated that the United States could make alliances and trade as
it pleased. Part III Slide 75 Review 30-39 30. Who wrote the essay
Common Sense which was published in 1776? 31. Who resolved on June
7, 1776. That these United States are, and of right ought to be,
free & independent states? 32. Why was voting in favor of the
resolution above considered an act of bravery by many? 33. Who
served on the committee in charge of writing a Declaration of
Independence? 34. Who is considered the chief author of the
Declaration of independence? 35. On what date did members of the
Second Continental Congress begin to sign the Declaration of
Independence? 36. What was the purpose of the first part of the
Declaration of independence? 37. What European philosopher
influenced Jeffersons premise in the first part of the Declaration
of independence? 38. What was the purpose of the second part of the
Declaration of independence? 39. What was the purpose of the third
part of the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Paine Richard H.
Lee Gr. Britain would consider this treason. Adams, Franklin, and
Jefferson Thomas Jefferson July 4, 1776 Basic rights on which the
nation was founded John Locke Lists the wrongs committed by the
king Announced that the 13 colonies were now the U.S. of A Slide 76
During the Revolutionary War, State governments began to dissolve.
As a result, in May of 1776, the Second Continental Congress began
to ask States to form their own governments. In July of 1776, the
Congress began to organize a national government. Source: National
Park Service Slide 77 Most states createdConstitutions (documents
that set laws and principles of a government), which served 2
purposes: 1. spell out rights of citizens. 2. limit the power of
government. Slide 78 Americans wanted to prevent an abuse of power
so they divided government into two parts: All colonies had a
Legislative Branch: Lawmakers Lawmakers Elected by voters. Elected
by voters. had an Upper (Senate) and Lower House. had an Upper
(Senate) and Lower House. Executive (governor): Carried out laws.
Carried out laws. All states but PA had a governor. All states but
PA had a governor. Samuel Adams Library of Congress Slide 79
Virginia was the first of several colonies to include Bill of
Rights a Bill of Rights which lists the freedoms the government
promises to protect: For example, freedom of: speech religion
assembly press trial by jury 31 Slide 80 The right to vote also
expanded under state constitutions. To vote you had to be male At
least 21 years of age property owner or pay a tax. In some states
free blacks could vote. In New Jersey, women could vote for a
while. Slide 81 national plan of government Members of the
Continental Congress also agreed that a national plan of government
had to be created. Because most Americans were loyal to their
States, few saw themselves as citizens of the United States. They
did not want to turn over powers of the State to a national
government. Slide 82 tyranny weak national government Because
Americans feared tyranny, the Congress created a very weak national
government. 1777 The first American constitution, completed in
1777, was Articles of Confederation the Articles of Confederation
Source: National Archives 32 Slide 83 Articles of Confederation
firm league of friendship The authors of the Articles of
Confederation did not create a nation, but a firm league of
friendship between the 13 states Articles of Confederation each
state only had one vote. The Articles of Confederation created a
Congress with 2-7 delegates from each state- BUT each state only
had one vote. notcreate an executive or judicial branch It did not
create an executive or judicial branch The Articles of
Confederation, ratified in 1781. This was the format for the United
States government until the Constitution 33 Slide 84 34 Slide 85 9
of the 13 states I n order to pass laws, 9 of the 13 states had to
vote in favor. Articles of Confederation Summary of the Articles of
Confederation: loose alliance between states. 1. created a loose
alliance between states. did not provide for a president 2. did not
provide for a president (no executive branch) and laws had to be
enforced by the states. did not create a courtsystem 3. did not
create a court system (no judicial branch) and the government could
not resolve differences between the states. CREDIT: Tholey,
Augustus, artist. "Leaders of the Continental Congress." Wm. Finley
& Co., copyright 1894. Prints and Photographs Division, Library
of Congress. Slide 86 Maryland demanded that all of the land west
of the Appalachian Mountains be turned over to the Congress They
rejected the demand. The larger States rejected the demand. Thomas
Jefferson Fortunately, Thomas Jefferson and other respected leaders
stepped forward and convinced lawmakers to give up their claims to
western lands 1781 They were successful and Maryland ratified the
Articles of Confederation and they went into effect in 1781 Thomas
Jefferson Slide 87 After the Revolution, the United States fell
into an economic depression During an economic depression business
activity slows business activity slows wages fall wages fall prices
fall prices fall unemployment rises unemployment rises Slide 88
depression hit farmers the hardest. The depression hit farmers the
hardest. During the war, there was a high demand for the food
produced by farmers. As a result, farmers borrowed money to buy
more land, livestock, seeds, and tools. farmers could not repay
their loans With the war over and a depression in its place, the
farmers could not repay their loans. Slide 89 In Massachusetts,
farmers were even more outraged when the state raised taxes on
farmers. The courts began to seize land and put farmers in jail for
inability to pay off loans. The state also refused to accept paper
money for debt repayment. Slide 90 Shays Rebellion Daniel Shays In
1786, Daniel Shays, a Massachusetts farmer who served as a Captain
during the Revolution, organized 2,000 farmers to help farmers keep
their land. court houses His men, many dressed in their old Army
uniforms, attacked court houses that were in charge of hearing
cases about land foreclosures and punishments for debtors. Slide 91
During their final assault, Shays and his men decided to attack the
Federal Arsenal in Springfield. The Massachusetts militia was
assembled by the Governor and it defended the arsenal, killing 4 of
Shays men and wounding 24. This was the first time the militia had
been called in after nearly 5 months of attacks. Slide 92 On
February 3, 1787 the farmers were attacked in Petersham, MA by
General William Lincoln. The farmers scattered, and the rebellion
was ended. The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts sentenced 14
of the rebellion's leaders, including Shays, to death for treason.
They were later pardoned by the newly elected Governor John
Hancock. General William Lincoln Governor John Hancock Lincoln,
Benjamin. Painting by Henry Sargent. Slide 93 Shays Rebellion
proved one thing: The federal government was much too weak and a
stronger national government was needed! Shays' Rebellion is
considered one of the leading causes of the formation of the United
States Constitution. Slide 94 Many Americans feared that Shays
Rebellion was proof that the Articles of Confederation were too
weak. Many leaders called for a convention to improve the Articles
of Confederation. They decided to meet in May of 1787 but they
ended up doing a lot more than just improving the Articles of
Confederation! 36 Slide 95 Constitutional Convention Soon after the
Constitutional Convention Philadelphia 1787 met in in Philadelphia,
PA in May of 1787, it was decided that the Articles of
Confederation needed to be set aside and a new, stronger document
needed to be created. Framers 55 delegates, from 12 of the 13
states (all but Rhode Island), helped craft a document that is
still celebrated around the world as a great achievement. These men
became known as the Framers of the Constitution. 37 38 Slide 96
Many notable framers at the Constitutional Convention including:
Benjamin Franklin: 81 years old, (oldest delegate) wise, and well
respected. George Washington: elected president of the convention.
Many thought that he would be able to best control the debate.
Alexander Hamilton: a staunch advocate for a stronger federal
government. He had served as Washingtons personal secretary during
the Revolution. James Madison: highly intelligent, well prepared,36
year old. He was soft spoken but eloquent. He took excellent notes
during the convention which have served historians well. Slide 97
secret It was decided that the meetings during the Constitutional
Convention would be kept secret so delegates could feel free to
speak their minds without outside pressure. Guards were posted at
the doors and all of the windows were closed. Some resented the
secret meetings, believing that government meetings should be open
to the public in a free society. Independence Hall Philadelphia, PA
Slide 98 Edmund Randolph and James Madison put together a plan for
government early on known as the Virginia Plan Edmund Randolph
James Madison Slide 99 Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan created a
strong national government and called for the following: 1.Three
branches of Government Legislative Branch (pass laws) Executive
Branch (carry out/ enforce laws) Judicial Branch (interpret laws-
see if laws are fair and carried out fairly ). bicameral2 houses
2.Legislative Branch would be bicameral or have 2 houses.
membership upon the population of States Both houses would base
membership upon the population of States (therefore, States with
greater population would be better represented) Lower House elected
by people, Upper House elected by Lower House. 3.Chief Executive
(President) would be elected by the legislature. Virginia Plan 39
40 Slide 100 Smaller states objected to the Virginia Plan,
believing that it was unfair to States with smaller populations. As
a result, William Paterson introduced the New Jersey plan to
counter the Virginia Plan. William Paterson Slide 101 New Jersey
Plan T he New Jersey Plan created strong national government and
called for the following: 1.Three branches of Government
Legislative Branch (pass laws) Executive Branch (carry out/ enforce
laws) Judicial Branch (interpret laws- see if laws are fair and
carried out fairly). unicameral one house allow each State to have
one vote only 2.Legislative Branch would be unicameral or have only
one house. The single house would allow each State to have one vote
only. Population was not an issue. elected by legislature 3. Chief
Executive (President) would be elected by legislature could be
multi-person. New Jersey Plan 41 42 Slide 102 The Constitutional
Convention was at a deadlock, as neither side could sway the other.
Many believed that the convention would fail. Scene at the Signing
of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler
Christy. Slide 103 Roger Sherman proposed a compromise Great
Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise). Finally, a delegate from
Connecticut named Roger Sherman, proposed a compromise which came
to be known as the Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise).
bits and pieces from both Taking bits and pieces from both the New
Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan, Sherman created a government
which has changed very little. Roger Sherman Source: National Park
Service 43 Slide 104 Great Compromise The Great Compromise proposed
a strong national government with: 1.Three Branches of Government
Legislative Branch (pass laws) Executive Branch (carry out/ enforce
laws) Judicial Branch (interpret laws- see if laws are fair and
carried out fairly) The Great Compromise Slide 105 Bicameral
Legislature Upper House United States Senate- United States Senate-
Each State would have equal representation (1 state, 2 votes).
Members would be chosen by State legislatures. Lower House United
States House of Representatives- United States House of
Representatives- Each State would be represented based upon
population and elected directly by the people of their State. Slide
106 Slide 107 36 Reps 2 Senators = 38 Electoral Votes electors Each
state would have as many electors as it had representatives and
senators vote for electors When we vote for president, we actually
vote for electors to cast votes for a candidate Slide 108 On July
16, 1787, the Great Compromise was approved by 38 of the 55
delegates. But other issues arose that would require even further
compromise. Slide 109 issue of slavery questions of representation
The issue of slavery became a problem for Northerners and
Southerners not due to moral differences, but because of questions
of representation. Southerners wanted to count their entire
population Southerners wanted to count their entire population of
slaves to boost their numbers in Congress. Northerners objected
citing that slaves were not considered citizens Northerners
objected citing that slaves were not considered citizens and could
not vote. Library of Congress Slide 110 SlaveryNext difficult
issue: Slavery Southern states wanted slaves included in the
population figures used to determine Representatives Northern
states which had few slaves, disagreed 3/5thsCompromise was to
count each slave as 3/5ths of a person Slide 111 Slide 112 Another
issue that arose also related to slavery. Many northerners opposed
slavery and most northern states had outlawed the institution of
slavery. Therefore, Northerners called for an end to the slave
trade in the United States. Library of Congress Slide 113 Slide 114
After resolving a series of important issues, the United States
Constitution was completed on September 17, 1787 and read to the
convention for the last time Slide 115 rising sun As members
stepped forward to sign the Constitution, Benjamin Franklin pointed
to a chair behind George Washington and said, "I have often... in
the course of the session... looked at that sun behind the
President without being able to tell whether it was rising or
setting. But now at length I have the happiness to know it is a
rising sun and not a setting sun." Slide 116 The Constitution was
an incredible achievement. No other nation had created a document
that was as bold or daring. The world watched to see if it would
succeed But first it needed to be ratified by the states! Slide 117
Review 40-54 40. In what city was the Constitutional Convention
held? 41. What was the only state that refused to send delegates to
the Constitutional Convention? 42. Who served as President of the
Constitutional Convention? 43. Who was the oldest delegate in
attendance? 44. Explain the Virginia Plan. 45. Which types of
states did the Virginia Plan favor? 46. Explain the New Jersey
Plan. 47. Which types of states did the New Jersey Plan favor? 48.
Who proposed the Great Compromise? 49. Explain the Great
Compromise. 50. Why did Southerners want to count their slaves as
part of their population? 51. Why did Northerners object to the
counting of slaves as part of the Southern population? 52. Explain
the Three-Fifths Compromise. 53. What was the main reason given by
Southern delegates against banning slavery? 54. Explain the
compromise agreed to by the delegates relating to the importation
of slaves. Philadelphia Rhode Island Washington B. Franklin Called
for 3 branches w. a strong national gov. Large States 3 branches
but unicameral legislature Small States Roger Sherman One house
based on = repre & other based on pop. To boost their numbers
in Congress Slaves were not considered citizens. Count each slave
as 3/5 of person. Would ruin the sountern economy. Slavery to
continue for 20 years, then be regulated. Slide 118 At the
conclusion of the Constitutional Convention Well, Doctor what have
we a got, a republic or a monarchy? a woman approached Benjamin
Franklin and asked, Well, Doctor what have we a got, a republic or
a monarchy? A republic. If you can keep it. Franklin replied, A
republic. If you can keep it. Library of Congress Slide 119
republic A republic is a nation in which voters elect
representatives to govern them. We the people The Constitution
begins We the people which exemplifies the American desire to have
a government controlled by the people Slide 120 Slide 121 John
Locke The theories of political philosophers were also incorporated
John Locke English philosopher John Locke published the Two
Treatises of Government from which the framers drew 2 very
important ideas. Slide 122 1.John Lockes first idea was that all
people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property. These
were cited in the Declaration of Independence, although Jefferson
changed the right to property to the right to the pursuit of
happiness. Slide 123 second idea 2. The second idea was that there
was an agreement between the people and the government. In this
idea, he suggested that citizens give the government its power and
promised to obey its laws; but in turn, the government had an
obligation to protect the natural rights of man. If they failed to
protect those rights, the people could rebel. Social Contract
Theory . This is known as the Social Contract Theory . Slide 124
French political philosopher, Baron de Montesquieu separation of
powers Baron de Montesquieu, suggested the separation of powers in
his book The Spirit of the Laws branches of government legislative
branch executive branch judicial branch He believed in the
separation of powers in which there would be 3 branches of
government; a legislative branch, an executive branch, and a
judicial branch Slide 125 Slide 126 Maurice-Quentin La Tour, 1753
Slide 127 Slide 128 Powers of the government changed under the
Constitution Articles of Confederation Under the Articles of
Confederation, the states had greater power than the federal
government. Constitution Under the Constitution, the States were
required to give up some powers, but kept many of them. sharing of
power between the States and The sharing of power between the
States and national governmentFEDERALISM FEDERAL SYSTEM national
government is known as FEDERALISM (or the FEDERAL SYSTEM). 44 Slide
129 The Federal System gives Americans the ability to vote for both
State and national officials. The federal government acts for the
nation as a whole. The States have power over local matters.
limited government government is restricted in what it can do We
have limited government in that the government is restricted in
what it can do and each individual has certain rights. 45 Slide 130
Federal Powers State Powers Shared Powers Some Examples - Coin
Money - Declare War - Regulate Trade (b/twn states and states and
foreign nations) - Make Treaties - Regulate trade within borders -
Decide who can vote in state elections - Control Education - All
powers not delegated to federal government - Raise taxes - Build
roads - Decide penalties for crimes Slide 131 Of course,
disagreements between the States and the federal government were
inevitable Supreme law of the land. To ensure that disagreements
were resolved with greater ease, it was decided that the
Constitution would serves as the Supreme law of the land. In other
words the Constitution was the final word! Slide 132 To ensure that
the government was not too powerful, the Constitution divided the
government into three separate branches (using Montesquieus theory)
Legislative Executive Judicial Slide 133 Article 1 Legislative
Branch Article 1 of the Constitution created the Legislative Branch
bicameral legislature It created a bicameral legislature: The House
of Representatives 2 year terms The House of Representatives:
Representatives are elected by the citizens of their Congressional
District for 2 year terms. The Senate The Senate: 6 year terms
Senators were originally chosen by state legislatures but in 1913
the Constitution was amended allowing citizens to directly vote for
Senators (Amendment 17). 6 year terms makes laws The main purpose
of the Congress is to makes laws. Article 1 also states the powers
of the Legislative Branch (collect taxes, regulate foreign and
interstate trade, declare war, raise and support armies). Slide 134
Article 2Executive Branch Article 2 of the Constitution created the
Executive Branch Although many feared a strong executive branch
(because of the American experience with King George III), it was
decided that a strong executive branch would be needed to balance
the Congress. James Madison argued that a Congress had the
potential to act tyrannically as well. The President has a 4 year
term10 years. The Executive Branch is headed by the president but
also includes the Vice President and all of his appointed advisors.
The President has a 4 year term, and can serve no more than a total
of 10 years. enforce laws. The main purpose of the Executive Branch
is to enforce laws. Slide 135 Article 3 Judicial Branch Article 3
of the Constitution created the Judicial Branch interpret, or
determine if laws are fair. Article 3 called for the creation of a
Supreme Court and other federal courts created by the Congress to
interpret, or determine if laws are fair. The Supreme Court and
other federal courts hear cases dealing with the Constitution, laws
passed by Congress, and cases that involve disagreements between
states. lifetimeThose who serve on federal courts have a lifetime
tenure. Slide 136 After the creation of the Executive Branch of
government, there was still debate about how the President would be
elected. Some feared a direct vote by the people would lead to the
election of a demagogue. Others feared that citizens from the north
would not get to know candidates from the south and vice versa.
Slide 137 electoral college The delegates decided to create an
electoral college to solve these problems. wise and well educated
people According to the framers, the electoral college would be
made up of wise and well educated people who would chose a
President for us. Picking members of the electoral college would be
determined by the States. In most cases, each State has a slate of
electors for each candidate chosen by the political parties. Slide
138 was necessary to create a The framers also thought it was
necessary to create a System of Checks and Balances as a way to
limit the powers of government. In this system, each branch of
government can check the other 2 branches. Slide 139 For example
Congress passes a bill and sends it to the president to be signed.
signin vetoing The President checks the Congress by either signing
or vetoing (rejecting) the bill. overriding If he vetoes the bill,
it returns to Congress where they can check the President by
overriding the Presidents veto if they get a 2/3 majority in both
houses. Send a bill to the President President can sign or veto the
bill. If he vetoes the bill, it goes back to the Congress Congress
can override a presidential veto IF they get a 2/3 majority in each
house Slide 140 The Congress can also check the Presidents power by
approving or disapproving official appointments (cabinet posts,
ambassadors, judges) in the Senate. The Congress also approves
treaties negotiated by the President (2/3 of the Senate must
approve). Judge Sam Alito Slide 141 Congress can also remove a
President from office if he is guilty of a crime or serious
misbehavior. impeachment. A case against the President must be
brought to the House of Representatives in a process called
impeachment. simple majority 2/3 vote in favor of conviction is
required A President can be impeached in the House of
Representatives by a simple majority, and then a trial is held in
the Senate. A 2/3 vote in favor of conviction is required to remove
the President from office. Andrew JohnsonBill Clinton Slide 142 The
President and the Congress have checks on the Courts. The President
appoints judges. The Senate must approve judges. Congress may also
impeach judges who commit crimes or seriously misbehave. Slide 143
The Judicial Branch has checks over each of the other two but those
checks are enormous. unconstitutional constitutional 1. They can
declare a law or a part of a law passed by Congress or a state
legislature to be unconstitutional or they can affirm that laws
challenged by citizens are constitutional. For example, the Supreme
Court found in 1989 and in 1990 that laws banning flag burning
violated the First Amendment right to free expression (speech). 2.
They can declare acts of the president or a state executive
unconstitutionalconstitutionality to be unconstitutional or the can
affirm the constitutionality of his/her act. For example, the
Supreme Court ruled in 2006 stated that it was unconstitutional to
conduct special military commissions established by the Department
of Defense (in the Executive Branch) for detainees at Guantanamo.
Bay, Cuba, and that they were entitled to broader protections of
their rights. Slide 144 (Legislative Branch) Passes laws Can
override President's veto Raises and supports the military Can
declare war Approves treaties and presidential appointments Creates
lower federal courts Prints and coins money Regulates foreign and
interstate trade Appropriates (set aside for a specific purpose)
money Can impeach and remove President and other high officials
(Executive Branch) Enforces Laws Many veto a bill Proposes laws
Appoints Federal judges Negotiated foreign treaties Serves as
Commander in Chief of the US Military Can grant pardons to those
who have been convicted of federal crimes (Judicial Branch)
Interprets Laws Can declare laws unconstitutional (both federal and
State) Can declare executive actions unconstitutional (both federal
and State) Each of these Checks is a check on which branch? All
photographs courtesy of whitehouse.gov Slide 145 Slide 146 Articles
of ConfederationThe US Constitution 1. Unicameral Congress (1
house) 2. Equal (one) vote in Congress per state 3.No Executive
Branch 4. No Judicial Branch 5.9 out of 13 states had to approve
laws in Congress 6.States could coin their own money 7.States could
regulate trade with states and foreign nations 8.States had great
autonomy to govern themselves 9.Only states had the power to impose
taxes 1. Bicameral Congress (2 houses) 2. In House of
Representative, states were represented based on population; In the
Senate each state got two votes regardless of population 3.
Executive Branch established, lead by US President, carries out
laws 4.Judicial Branch established, headed by Supreme Court,
interprets laws 5.Majority rules! (50% +1 in each house to pass
laws) 6.Congress has exclusive right to coin money 7.Only Congress
could regulate trade with states and foreign nations 8.States
recognize the US Constitution as the final word on all matters
9.Congress can impose taxes as well Slide 147 Review 55-64 55. What
is a republic? 56. List 3 examples of documents/institutions that
contributed to the creation of the Constitution? 57. What two
important ideas were taken from the theories of John Locke? 58.
What important ideas were taken from Baron de Montesquieu? 59. What
important idea was taken from Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 60. Define
federalism. 61. Give 3 examples of federal powers 62. Give 3
examples of state powers? 63. Give 3 examples of shared powers? 64.
To ensure that there was no disagreements about the powers of
government, it was decided that the Constitution would serve as the
___________________________. Nation in which voters elect
representatives to govern them. Magna Carta, English Bill of
Rights, & Fundamental Orders of Connecticut All people had
natural rights and the Social Contract Theory Separation of powers
and that laws should be clear and understandable All government
rested on a social contract and not God given rights Sharing of
power between the States and national government They both would
raise taxes, build roads and decide penalties for crimes. National
G would coin money, regulate trade and make treaties. States would
control education, decide who can vote, and regulate trade within
borders. Supreme Law of the Land Slide 148 Review 65-75 65. Article
1 of the Constitution created what branch of government? 66. What
is the main purpose of the branch above? 67. The branch above is
separated into a bicameral body containing the _______________ and
the ______________. 68. Article 2 of the Constitution created what
branch of government? 69. What is the main purpose of the branch
above? 70. Article 3 of the Constitution created what branch of
government? 71. What is the main purpose of the branch above? 72.
To ensure that the President was selected by wise and well educated
men, the framers created what? 73. In order to limit the powers of
each of the branches of government, what system was put into place?
74. Give an example of how the executive branch can check the
legislative branch. 75. Why is the Constitution referred to as a
living document? Bicameral legislature Make the laws SenateHouse
Executive branch Enforce the laws Judicial branch Interpret the
laws An electoral college Separation of powers The president can
veto a bill. Changes could be made. Slide 149 Ratifying the
Constitution was not an easy task delegates In 1787-88, citizens in
each State had to elect delegates to state conventions to debate
and discuss whether or not to approve the new Constitution 46 Slide
150 Two Groups Emerged Federalists - s ss supported ratification of
the Constitution. Anti- Federalists - o oo opposed ratification of
the Constitution. 47 48 Slide 151 Federalists Federalists supported
ratification because they wanted a strong national government
Alexander HamiltonJames Madison The most famous Federalist leaders
were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay. and John Jay.
Slide 152 Federalists The Federalists ideas about strong national
government were included in the Constitution. Separation of Powers
System of Checks and Balances. System of Checks and Balances.
Shared Powers between State and Federal Government. Shared Powers
between State and Federal Government. Slide 153 The Federalist
Papers In support of their beliefs, Federalists wrote a series of
essays called The Federalist Papers to try to convince the people
of New York to support ratification. Alexander Hamilton, James
Madison, The 85 Federalist Papers were written by Alexander
Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay and John Jay from October
1787 to May 1788. Publius They always used the pen name Publius
when signing their essays. Publius was a Roman statesman. Slide 154
Anti-Federalists George MasonPatrick HenryRichard Henry Lee.
Anti-Federalists opposed ratification because they wanted a much
weaker federal government and stronger state powers. The most
famous Federalist leaders were George Mason, Patrick Henry, and
Richard Henry Lee. Slide 155 Slide 156 The biggest and most
convincing argument of the Anti-Federalists was that of the need
for a Bill of Rights. They argued that rights would be ignored if
they werent spelled out. Federalists argued it was excessive and
unnecessary. They also contended that it would be impossible to
list all of the natural rights of man. Slide 157 Order 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 State Delaware Pennsylvania New Jersey Georgia
Connecticut Massachusetts Maryland South Carolina New Hampshire
Virginia New York North Carolina Rhode Island Date Dec. 7, 1787
Dec. 12, 1787 Dec. 18, 1787 Jan. 2, 1788 Jan. 9, 1788 Feb. 6, 1788
Apr. 28, 1788 May 23, 1788 June 21, 1788 June 25, 1788 July 26,
1788 Nov. 21, 1789 May 29, 1790 Votes For 30 46 38 26 128 187 63
149 57 89 30 194 34 Votes Against 0 23 0 0 40 168 11 73 47 79 27 77
32 Ratification 49 Slide 158 After the ratification of the
Constitution, cities throughout the United States celebrated with
fireworks, ringing church bells, and parades. The Constitution
would be a great experiment. Slide 159 civic virtue 1789 George
Washington, in a great display of civic virtue, came out of
retirement and was elected the first President of the United States
in January of 1789. Slide 160 New York City The Congress met in New
York City, which served as the United States first post-
Constitution capital. There were 59 Representa- tives and 26
Senators. Slide 161 After ratification, Congress decided to create
a Bill of Rights. amendments But first, they had to set up a
process for adding amendments (changes) to the Constitution. They
realized that conditions would change throughout time and that the
Constitution would need to reflect those changes. BUT the Congress
wanted to make the process difficult so that it would not be taken
lightly. Slide 162 Congress Created 2 Ways to Propose Amendments to
the Constitution 1. 2/3 of both houses of Congress can propose
Amendments 2. 2/3 of the states call for a Constitutional
Convention for the purpose of creating amendments (never been done)
2/3 of 2/3 of Slide 163 After Amendments have been proposed they
must be ratified by of the states before it becomes part of the
Constitution. Congress decides how After a successful proposal
process, Congress decides how the bill will be ratified the bill
will be ratified by the States: state legislatures by the of state
legislatures or special state conventions by of special state
conventions (only used once) Slide 164 By December of 1791, of the
states had ratified the First 10 Amendments of the Constitution The
First 10 Amendments James Madison Bill of Rights The First 10
Amendments, all written by James Madison are referred to as the
Bill of Rights NOT Madison insisted that the government was NOT
giving these rights to citizens those rights already existed Slide
165 Religion Speech Press Assembly P e t i t i o n Slide 166 Slide
167 Slide 168 Slide 169 Slide 170 Review 76-82 76. What was the
method used to ratify the Constitution? 77. (a) What were the two
groups that emerged during the debate over ratification, and (b)
what position did each group take in reference to ratification? 78.
Who were the 3 best known leaders of the Federalists and what was
the name of the series of 85 essays they wrote? 79. Who were the 3
best known leaders of the Anti-Federalists? 80. What were the major
objections of the Anti-Federalists to the ratification of the
Constitution? 81. Although the 9 of the 13 states had ratified the
Constitution by June of 1788, which 2 large and very important
States had yet to do so? 82. Who was elected as the nations first
President in January of 1789? States elected delegates to
conventions to approve/disapprove the Constitution. Federalist were
for ratification and the Anti-Federalist were against ratification.
Hamilton, Madison, and Jay; The Federalist Papers George Mason,
Patrick Henry, and Richard Henry Lee It had no Bill of Rights &
the national government had too much power. Virginia and New York.
George Washington Slide 171 Review 83-90 83. What city served as
the United States first post-Constitution capital? 84. Why did
Congress make amending the Constitution a difficult task? 85. What
are the two ways that Amendments to the Constitution can be
proposed? 86. Once an amendment is proposed, (a) what fraction of
the states must ratify it, and (b) what are the 2 ways it can be
ratified? 87. Which amendments are considered the Bill of Rights in
the Constitution? 88. What are the 5 freedoms guaranteed under the
First Amendment? 89. Which amendment guarantees the right to a
trial by jury? 90.Which amendment protects Americans from being
tortured as a punishment for a crime? New York So it would not be
taken lightly. ; of State legislatures or of special State
conventions [used once] A. 2/3 of both houses of Congress can
propose Amendments B. 2/3 of the states call for a Constitutional
Convention for the purpose of creating amendments (never been done)
First Ten Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and
petition Amendment VI Amendment VIII Slide 172 1. Three ideas from
the English that helped shape our democracy were ordered
government, limited government, and _______________ government. 2.
(Ordered/Limited/Representative) government brought the idea that
government is not all-powerful. 3. (Ordered/Limited/Representative)
government is the idea that government serves the will of the
people. 4. The _______ ________ in 1215, protected rights such as
trial by jury, due process, and protections of life, liberty, and
property. 5. The __________ __ ________ first limited the kings
powers by not allowing him to imprison people without a jury of his
peers. 6. The _________ ______ ___ ________ in 1689 guaranteed
several things including protection against cruel and unusual
punishment. 7. The first colony was at
(Boston/Jamestown/Dallas/L.A.). 8. A (charter/petition) was a
written grant of authority from the king. 9.
(Royal/Proprietary/Charter) colonies were controlled by the king.
10. (Royal/Proprietary/Charter) colonies were organized by someone
to whom the king gave a land grant. 11. (Royal/Proprietary/Charter)
colonies were colonies based on charters granted by the king. 12. A
Charter colony was the most liberal as most matters were handled by
the (colonists/king). 13. The (Sugar/Tax) Act of 1764 took measures
to stop smuggling and bribes. 14. The (Sugar/Stamp) Act of 1765
imposed a tax on 55 types of printed material. representative Magna
Carta Petition of Rights English Bill of Rights Slide 173 15.
(James Otis/Patrick Henry) said, Taxation without representation is
tyranny. 16. The (Stamp Act Congress/Sugar Act Congress) occurred
in 1765 to oppose the Stamp Act. 17. The (Sugar/Stamp/Townshend)
Acts placed a tax on lead, glass, paint, tea, silk and paper. 18.
The (Sons of Liberty/Veterans of Liberty) hung lanterns and
conducted mock hangings of British officials. 19. The (Quartering
Act//Housing Act) required the colonists to pay for quartering of
British soldiers. 20. The Boston Massacre resulted in the deaths of
(two/three/five/10) colonists. 21. To inform citizens of
Massachusetts of the actions of the British, Sam Adams set up
(committees of correspondence/committees of action). 22. Another
name for the Intolerable Acts was the (Do-AS-I-Say/Coercive) Acts.
23. The (First/Second) Continental Congress met on September 5,
1774. 24. The first battle of the Revolution was at (Lexington and
Concord/Philadelphia/Jamestown). 25. Common Sense was written by
(Benjamin Franklin/George Washington/Thomas Paine). 26. It was
(Richard Henry Lee/Patrick Henry/Thomas Edison) who said in 1776
that, that These United States are, and of right ought to be, free
and independent states 27. The man chosen to write the Declaration
of Independence was (George Washington/Thomas Jefferson). Slide 174
28. In writing the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was
greatly influenced by (John Locke/Sam Adams/Charles II). 29.
Governments only existed if they had the consent of the
(President/Prime Minister/governed). 30. The 2nd part of the
Declaration of Independence had to do with the wrongs of (Virginia
settlers/George III). 31. Virginia was the first colony to have a
(Petition of Rights/Bill of Rights). 32. The first American
Constitution was the (Bill of Rights/Petition of Rights/Articles of
Confederation). 33. The Articles of confederation (did/did not)
create an executive or judicial branch. 34. Under the Articles of
Confederation, the government (could/could not) force the States to
pay to keep the federal government going. 35. Under the Articles of
Confederation, (five/seven/nine/eleven/thirteen) of the 13 States
had to vote in favor of passing laws. 36. After (Shays
Rebellion/Magna Carta/ the Stamp Act), many Americans were
convinced that the Articles of Confederation were too weak. 37. The
Constitutional Convention met in (Philadelphia/New York) in 1787.
38. The delegates who crafted the Constitution were called
(Framers/Money Launderers/Turncoats). 39. The Big State plan with
membership based on population was the (New Jersey/Virginia) Plan.
40. The two-house legislative plan was called a
(unicameral/bicameral) plan. Slide 175 41. The small State plan
with equal membership from each State was the (New Jersey/Virginia)
Plan. 42. The one-house legislative plan was called a
(unicameral/bicameral) plan. 43. The man who proposed the Great
Compromise was (Ben Franklin/Roger Sherman). 44. The sharing of
power between the States and the Federal Government is known as
(federalism/charter). 45. We have (limited/unlimited) government
which means the government is restricted in what it can do. 46.
Citizens elected to State conventions were called
(delegates/conventioners). 47. (Federalists/Anti-Federalists)
supported ratification of the Constitution. 48.
(Federalists/Anti-Federalists) did not support ratification of the
Constitution. 49. Ratification of the Constitution took the vote of
(five/seven/nine/eleven) States. 50. My favorite course so far this
semester is (government/any other courses here at school, OK, maybe
Economics). Slide 176
