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Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint include roll, glide and spin. Rolling is a sagittal plane rotation; gliding, a sagittal plane translation; and spin, a transverse plane rotation. These movements are combined to maintain joint contact and stability during flexion and extension. Roll and Glide Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tension increases during flexion, initiating anterior femoral glide/translation; conversely, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tension increases during extension, resulting in posterior femoral glide/translation. These actions are consistent, regardless of which bone is moving.

The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral …...Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint include roll, glide and spin. Rolling is

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Page 1: The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral …...Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint include roll, glide and spin. Rolling is

TibiofemoralArthrokinematics

Theprimaryarthrokinematicsofthetibiofemoraljointincluderoll,glideandspin.Rollingisasagittalplanerotation;gliding,asagittalplanetranslation;andspin,atransverseplanerotation.Thesemovementsare

combinedtomaintainjointcontactandstabilityduringflexionandextension.

RollandGlide

Anteriorcruciateligament(ACL)tensionincreasesduringflexion,initiatinganteriorfemoralglide/translation;conversely,posteriorcruciateligament(PCL)tensionincreasesduringextension,resultinginposteriorfemoral

glide/translation.Theseactionsareconsistent,regardlessofwhichboneismoving.

Page 2: The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral …...Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint include roll, glide and spin. Rolling is

Themenisciareattachedtothetibiaandsupporttheroll-effectduringflexionandextensionascondylarglideischeckedattheanteriororposteriorledges.

Page 3: The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral …...Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint include roll, glide and spin. Rolling is

Rollandglidecharacteristicsdifferspecifictoopenandclosedchainkinematics,simplifiedintermsoftheconvex/concaverule.Iftheconvexfemurrollsontheconcavetibia,rollandglideoccurinoppositedirections;

whentheconcavetibiarollsontheconvexfemur,rollandglideshareacommondirection.

ExampleofConcave/ConvexKinematicsduringFlexion

Internal/ExternalRotation–Spin

Themovingbonerotatesinternallyorexternallyduringrollandglide.Thefemurmovingonafixedtibiarotatesinternallyduringextensionandexternallyinflexion,andthetibiamovingonafixedfemurrotatesexternally

duringextensionandinternallyinflexion.

Page 4: The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral …...Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint include roll, glide and spin. Rolling is

Spinisprimarilyanimposedfunctionofbonyfactorsincludingthevariabilityinsize,articularsurfaceareaand

curvatureofthefemoralandtibialcondyles.

Themedialcondylecurveslaterallybetween25-30degreeswithminimalanterior/posteriorarticulationonthetibialcondylebecauseitisconstrainedbythedeepmedialcollateralligament.Thelateralcollateralligamentprovidessignificantlylessconstraintbecauseitattachestothefibula.Thesecomponentsaretheprimaryforces

behindthe“spin”thataccompaniestibiofemoralrollandglide.

Themeniscideformaccordinglyduringtibiofemoralrotationtomaintainaconcavesurfacefortheconvexfemoralcondyles.

Pedalingincorporatesbothopenandclosedkineticchainattributes.Thefemurmovesonarelativelyfixedtibiawhenextendingduringthepower-phase,andthetibiamovesonarelativelyfixedfemurwhenflexinginthe

recoveryphase.

Page 5: The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral …...Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint include roll, glide and spin. Rolling is

Thefactthatneitherlimbisentirelyfixedwhenpedalingsuggeststhatvirtuallyallarthrokinematicmotionsoccurwithineachpedalstroke.

Page 6: The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral …...Tibiofemoral Arthrokinematics The primary arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint include roll, glide and spin. Rolling is

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