THE PRINTING PRESSAS AN AGENT OFCHANGE

GENERAL INDEX

abacists versus algorists, 4670, 532'Abbey of Free Will* (Rabelais), 393Abbot of Sponheim, see Trithemius, JohannesABC books, 78, 89, 247, 432Abelard, P., 230, 284'The Abuses and Ignorance of Physicians', 541Academiarum Examen (Braillier, P., London:

J.Webster, 1654), 5 sonAcadimie des Sciences, 679-8onAccademia Venetiana, 675accounting, 385, 542

books, 65, 384bookkeeping, double-entry, 381-4, 548,

550, 554-5see also arithmetic; Pacioli, Luca

Aconcio, Jacopo, iO3nAda Eruditorium (periodical), i38nActes and Monuments (Foxe, J.), see Book of

Martyrs'Ad Lectorem' (Osiander, A.), 651Adages (Erasmus), 21911,279,28cmAdami, Tobias, 668nAdams, Henry, xAdd ison, Joseph, 670Address to the Estates of the Empire (Sleiden, J.,

1542). 305Adelard of Bath, 210, 556, 588The Advancement of Learning (Bacon, F., 1605),

338nAdvertisements from Parnassus (London, 1669)

(English translation by Earl of Monmouthof BoccaMni's Ragguagli di Parnaso),6G9n

advertising, 52,59-60,145 (provided by Index),156, 229, 234n, 240-1, 244, 376, 392,406, 539. 553, 562, 587, 687

see also blurbs; publicityAesopian language, 273,674Age of Reason (Paine, T.). I49nAgricola (Bauer, Georg), 221,242,265,469-70,

545, 555-6, 568. 571, 687Agrippa, Henry Cornelius von Nettlesheim,

94-6,276,531Albeit of Brudzewo, 58mAlberti, Leon Battista, 20m, 232n, 237-8, 243,

252, 255-6, 268n, 280, 283-4, 381,548-9, 55in, 556, 564n, 604

Albertus Magnus, 5i3n, 552-3alchemy, 76, 272, 274, 275n, 28on, 437. 474.

562-3, 641see also Paracelsus

Alciato, Andrea, 104Alcuin, 80,90, 316,339Aldine editions, see Aldus ManutiusAldrovandi catalogue, 198Aldus Manutius (Aldo Manucci), 48, 5211, 57,

178, 180, 218-24, 340, 393, 398, 409.412-13, 441, 447. 545n. 691

Aldine editions, 175, i8on, 205,221-3,28on,473. 569n, 691

Aldus' firm, 9817, 139, 198, 22m, 222, 279,580

Alexander de Villedieu, 6o8nAlexander the Great, 339Alexandrian Museum and Library, xiv, 10, 89,

i n , 195, 219, 465, 559n, 687Alexandrian science, 193, 216, 220, 462-6, 469,

494-6, 505, 512, 516, 578, 580, 584-6,593.6O5-6

Alfonso X (The Wise, King of Castile andLeon), 5oon, 603,63011

Alhazen, 59011allegory, 195-9, 260. 28on, 297, 457, 471

see also mythographyAllen, P. S., 175-6,401Almagest (Ptolemy), I7on, 271, 288, 336, 382,

462-4, 466, 505, 510-11, 516, 523.536-7, 581-2, 584-5, 594,604, 612, 618,621, 623, 629-30, 693, 695, 697, 701

769

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GENERAL INDEX

Almagestum Novum Astronomiam Vetcrem(Riccioli,G.B., Bologna, 1651), 62411,629

Almanac de Gotha, 13411almanacks, 178, s83n, 631, 659alphabet, alphabets, see also ABC books

Gothic, 334nGreek, 91,279Hebrew, 91,277,279Latin, 91,203,279

alphabetic versus ideographic, 27nalphabetical order, 89-90, 93, 105, see also

indexesAlphabetum Romanum (Feliciano), 203Alphonsine Tables (Ptolemaic), 582, 583, 596,

60m, 6o6n, 623, 629-30Amerbach

Johann (printer, founder of firm), 76n, 94,104, 139, 223n, 372, 399*1, 447n, 570

Boniface (son, Erasmus* friend and literaryexecutor, legal scholar), io4n

Bruno (son, assisted Erasmus with Hebrew),

Amerbach-Froben firm, 447see also Froben

America, see New WorldAmerican men of letters, 154Amsterdam, 138, 413, 416, 420, 647Amyot, Jacques (transl. of Plutarch), 351An Answer to a Book Bntituled Reason and

Authority (Bambridge, T., 1687), 323nAnabaptists, 423analphabetism, see illiteracyAnathomia (Anatomia) (Mondino dei Luzzi),

512. 538. 573Anatomical Procedures (Galen), 567, 569, 572,

573nanatomy, 267-9, so2n, 525, 528, 535, 538-9,

566-74,616,657-8,667ancien rigime, 135, 145, 427n, 431-2, 68on'ancients and moderns', 122-4, 289-92, 299,

469, 485-7,492, 504, 513-18, 56511, 576,600, 614, 627n, 633, 687, 689

Andernach, Guinther or Winter of, seeGuinther

Andreae, Johann Valentin, 668nAnglicans, 354, 421, 681, 685'anima mundi' (Ptolemy), 589nAnnales school, 41Antarctic Pole, 600Antichita (Mauro, Lucio), 198anti-clericalism, 19, 350, 393-4, 399. 424, 491,

494n, 495, 641-2Antioch, 340Antiquitates Judaicae (Leiden: Raphclengius,

1593). 332see also Arias Montano, Benito

antiquity, antiquities, 22, 219, 248, 392, 575languages of, n6f 224, 280, 340, 342, 464

474,483

texts of, 74» io8n, 124-5, I37n, 173, 224,287, 288-94, 325n, 471, 484, 494, 514,538, 582n, 692, see also Greek, Hebrew;hieroglyphs

views of, 183-90, 194-6, 200-1, 213, 225,299-300,491,499. 545n, 572

anti-semitism, I5on,438n,6xonAntwerp, 99,118, 139,142* 206, 250, 403, 413,

420, 480, 647Apelles, 29 3 nApianus, Petrus (Bienewitz, Peter, I49S-I$52),

521, 534, 56on, 586n, 587n, 599n,65 m

Apologia Pro Galileo (Campanella, T.), 668*apostolate of the pen', 317, 335, 373apothecaries, 65, 242, 246, 253, 272, 362, 457n,

530, 538-9, 54i, 572, 657see also Culpeper, N,

Appollonius of Perga, 499, 502, 586,62011Aquinas, Thomas, 52n, 215n, 271, 286, 294,

314, 320, 391, 496, 513Arabic science, 74-5, 216, 502 (medicine), 512,

523, 538 (medicine), 548, 610, 697astronomy, 215, 463-4, 466, 484, 580, 584,

586, 593, 6o2n, 606, 610 (calendar), 624,626n,685

numerals (Indo-Arabic), 105-6, 277, 467,471,499, 532, see also arithmetic

Arabic studies, 223, see also KoranAramaic, 335,337Arcadia (Sidney, Sir Philip), 259nArcanum Punctationum Revelatum (Cappel,

Louis, Leiden, 1624), 278n, 332nArcetri,645archeology, 183, 195, 198, 200, 218, 225, 237,

289, 336Archimedes, 17011., 193, 211, 237, 242, 288,

459, 471, 494, 496, 497, 499, 500, 502,504, 531, 541, 563, 582n, 586, 638, 697n,700

Areopagitica (Milton, J.), 682Aretino, Pietro, I37n, 147, 228, 394, 399, 405,

417-18, 474-5Arias Montano, Benito, 323, 332n, 443-4,

447-8Aries, Philippe, 431-2Aristarchus, 576n, 577nAristides, 211Aristophanes* works (1498 edn.), 52nAristotle

Aristotelian philosophy, 74-5,199, 216, 290,314-15 (cosmology), 321,362,459,46311,475, 495, 5O3-4, 522-5, 527-9, 532-3,536, 542. 545n, 550, 579, 595, 685,692-5

Aristotelian texts, 74, 271, 288-9, 336, 470,511, 522

De Caelo, 58mLogic, 611

770






GENERAL INDEX

Physics* 537Poetics, 60411Politics, 3811, 546, 60411

arithmetic, 242, 382-7 (business), 429, 467(abacus), 468, 532-3, 542, 544, 548, 554

see also reckon mastersArithnetica (Gemma Frisius), 534Arminians, 418-20, 655Arminius, 304Arnold, Matthew, 457nArrighi, Ludovico degli, 82nars artificialiter scribendi, 159, i68nArs Magna (Cardano, GM 1545), 548, 552,

662ars memorandi, see memory arts

art history, 83, 112, 232, 234, 293nArt 0/Preaching (Reuchlin), 372a'The Art of Tens or Decimall Arithmeticke*

(London, 1619) (Henry Lyte), 241artisan-authors, 242-3, 474, 485-6, 525,

545-^,559.657see also new occupational groups

artists and painters, 84, 188, 214, 232-5, 240,247-9, 253-8, 293, 493, 535, 542, 548,551, 564-5

see also new occupational groupsAston, Margaret, 68n, j u n'Astrarium* (Giovanni de* Dondi), 589nastrolabes, 589astrology, 76, 9% 437. 669Astrottomia Britannica (Wing, Vincent), 32Astronomia Instaurata, 67611Astronomia Neva (Kepler, 1609) 65mAstronomiae Instauratae Mechanica (Tycho

Brahe), 6oon, 625nAstronomki Veteres (Aldine anthology: Venice,

1499), 5<#>nastronomy, 74, 78, 216, 271, 463-6, 484, 490,

500, 502, $09-12, 523, 536, 544» 575-635, 648, 650-6, 672-4, 685-7

see also Brahe; Copernicus; Kepler et al.Atlanta Fugiens (Maier, M.t Oppenheim: de

Bry, i6r8), 275natlases and maps, 9-10, 53, 74, 78-9, 81, 83, 88,

99, 108-10, 113, 124-5, *93. *97» 227»241, 268n, 287, 386-7, 446, 461, 465,469, 472. 479. 48i-3» 492, 503, 504,510-18, 520, 531, 545, 557, 626n, 661,663, 686-7, 697, 701; map-publishers,119, 124, 193, 200, 558-9, 659-60, 702

see also cartography and geography; globesAugsburg, 179, 376n, 403-5, 586nAugustine, St, 100, I74n, 199, 226, 281, 287,

297n, 320, 343, 357* 662nauthorship, 59, 63, 121-2, 146, 153-4. 155-8,

229-30, 233-4, 242-3, 261, 324(scriptural authorship), 337, 454. 543

autobiography, 229, 232n, 236n, 501see also biography

autodidacts, 154,244-5* 247-8,425a, 474, 6oansee also self-help

Ave Maria (College of Paris), 6o8nAverroes, Averroists, 496, 523, 58m'avertissement* 59

see also advertisingAvicenna, 56n, 266, 285n, 502, 523, 657nAvignon, 294,538

Babeuf, 'Gracchus', 423nBabington, Humphrey, 63 3nBacon, Francis, 3-4, 18-19, 21, 42-3, 98n,

I2on, 243, 273, 288, 291, 338n, 455-<$n,54m, 542, 543, 55on, 562-3, 625, 642,645, 647, 653, 657. 665, 694, 697, 706

Bacon, Roger, 73, 214, 277n, 285n, 320, 339,551, 553,606,697

Bade, Josse, see BadiusBadia library, 45Badius (Josse Bade, Paris printer, father-in-law

of Vascosan and Robert Esticnne), 10411,544n

Badius, Perrette (daughter of Josse Bade), iO4n,447

Baer,L.,86nBalbus of Genoa, Friar Johannes, 89nBaldi, Bernardino, 54211, 6240, 67511Bale, John, 2in, 107, H2n, 3O5n, 423nballads, 130,Bambridge. Thomas, 32311Banks, Sir Joseph, 469,699banned books, 405, 416, 444, 639, 656, 676

forbidden books, 137,416-17,420prohibited books, 345n, 347-8, 358, 406,

415,420,675see also censorship; clandestine presses;

Index Librorum ProhibitorumBarbari, Jacopo de\ 547Barbaro, Francesco (Venetian humanist), I37nBardi, Cosimo di, 526'Barlaam andjosephat', 211Baron, Hans, 185Baronius, Cardinal, 78Baroque styles, 68, 77, 219, 260, 312, 408, 627,

662Barrow, Isaac, 63311Bartolus (Bartholists), 524, 548Barzizi, Gasparini (writer on orthography),

Basel, 76n, 94, 99, iO4n, 139, 179, i87n, 250,308n, 30911, 34on, 349. 372, 376n, 392n,399n, 405, 407. 4i i . 419, 44i-2n, 446-7.474, 490, 5<59-7O, 585. 616-17, 624n

Basilica Chymica (CroU), 474Bauer, Georg, see AgricolaBasson

Govert (son of Thomas), 14011, 443Thomas founder), 140, I43nfirm (Leiden), 140

771






GENERAL INDEX

Bastille, 147,351Bayle. Pierre, xv, 138, 143. 418, 420, 645. 646Beatus Rhenanus, iO4n, I37n, 180, 309, 373**,

377Becon, Thomas, 3<5onBede, U5n,595Behrens, C. B. A., 427nBellarmine, Robert, Cardinal, 80, 672belles lettres, 28, 153, 214, 216, 254, 397n, 473,

494, 498, 707Belon, Pierre, 484-5Bembo, Pietro, Cardinal, 28on, 586nBenedetti, Giovanni Battista, 497nBenedictine orders, 16, 95, 393-4, 398, 493Benoist, Rene", 34911Bentley, Richard, 338-9Bernard, St, 226,456,458Berthelet, Thomas (printer), 105Bessarion, Johannes, Cardinal, 48n, 222n, 399n,

545n, 548n, 585-6Besson, Jacques, 240, 555-6B ester man, Theodore, 94Bestiary* 457best-selling works, 122,153,156, 274, 279, 309,

318, 348, 356, 367, 373. 400, 411,415-16, 453, 614, 653, 656, 692, 694

Bettmann Archives, 237Beza, Theodore, I3on, 338n, 352,419Bible Belt, 364Bible, editions and versions

Greek and Hebrew versions: Erasmus'Greek New Testament, 357, 367-8n,372; Pentateuch, 321; Septuagint, 119,335» 339; see also Talmud

Latin Vulgate (Jerome's translation), 327-59(esp. 328n), 367,368n, 369,522,606,612,695, 697, 699, 701

editions: of Robert Estienne, 91, 108;of Gutenberg, 49-51, 179; of Mentelin

(1460), 179, 374n, 440Paris 'edition' (13th c. ms.), 46, 91, 328nprohibitions against editions and trans-

lations of, 328-9, 346-9; see also Trent,Council of

Separate books of: Chronicles, 471;Genesis, 323, 699; Hebrews, 259;Isaiah, 323n, 335; Revelation, 46n;see also Gospels

Special editions: 'Leda' (1572), 259-60;* wicked' (1631), 8 in

Polyglot versions, see polyglot BiblesVernacular translations of, 328-9, 346-9,

358-9. 374, 389» 4O5-6, 411, 415, 44O,691,701-2

Czech, 257nDutch, 68, 346nEnglish: Geneva, 93, 360, 424; King

James (Authorized), 352, 358, 36on;Lollard, 357n; Matthew, 356; Rheims-

Douai, 344, 349; Tyndale-Coverdale,358, 448n

French: Benoist, Rene*, 349n; Lefevred'Etaples, 342, 345; Olivetan, 31m,345; Sacy (Mons), 35m

German: Luther, 179, 206-7, 357, 363,614; Mentelin (1466), 179, 374, 440, 691

Italian, 348-9,411-12Spanish, 349,415n

Bible, illustrations of, 63, 85,108Bible-printing, io6n, 130, 180, 311, 325, 330,

337. 346-8, 356, 358n, 374, 377, 415,440, 447, 449, 660, 691

Bible-reading, ix, 79, 283, 319, 325-6, 330,333-4, 339, 343, 348, 35L 39^, 700-2

Biblia Pauperum Praedicatorum, 64Bibliographic Universelle (periodical) (LeClerc,

J.), I38n, 638nbibliography, 23, 73, 94, 97-9, 106, 112-13,

219, 591bibliophiles, 21, 34, 290, 345, 446Biblioteca Marciana,

see MarcianaBibliotheca Uniuersalis (Gesner, Conrad, 1545),

97Bienewitz, Peter, see Apianus, PetrusBill, John (English printer), 4i7nBillingsley, Henry (tr. of Euclid), 361, 55onbiography, 229, 233, 236, 238, 373, 542n

see also autobiographyBiringuccio, V., 545. 547n, 555Black Death, 25,294black market, see banned booksBlackstone, Sir William, 364Blaeu

Joan (son of Willem Janzoon), 480, 688Willem Janzoon, 480-1, 484, 56on, 600, 617,

624n, 625n, 663n, 676firm of, 273n, 480, 617, 680

Blasius (of Parma) writer on mechanics, 49711Bloch, Marc, xvblock-printing, see woodblocksBlundevill, Thomas, iO3nblurbs, 50,108, 229, 250, 338, 384, 426nBoas, Marie, 530Boccaccio, io6n, I97n, 217, 221, 292-311, 297,

319, 484, 676Boccalini, Traiano, 669nBodin, Jean, 2m, 102-3,194Boethius, 191, 392,497n, 532Bohemia, 474Bois, John, 36onBoke called the Gouernour (Thomas Elyot,

1631), 69nBolgar, R. R., 181-2Bollandists, 33311Bollingen Press, 2840,286Bologna, 13, 100, i03n, 355a, 538, 548n, 572,

579. 58on, 59m, 593

772






GBNERAL INDEX

Bolsheviks, 150Bomberg, Daniel (Venetian printer), 139, 224,

383, 447n. 56911Bomberghe, van (Bomberghen, von) Antwerp

relatives of Daniel, 447nBomberghen, Cornelius von (grand-nephew

of Daniel), 383,447nBonaventura, St, 121BonfUs, Immanuel (c. 1350), 500, 563Boniface, St, 20311Book of the Abacus, see Liber AbaciThe Book of Common Prayer (1559), 350, 365Book of Martyrs (Foxe, J.), 361, 378n, 415, 423'book of nature' (topos), 289, 455-6, 471-2,

474, 476, 478, 486, 501-2, 508, 629,657,659,670,694

A Booke Named Tectonicon (Digges, Leonard),468

book collectors, 222,25on, 633nbook fairs, 57,167,240,245, 307, 392,407.460,

555. 568, 58m, 622,627,662book hands, 26, 82-3,100,188, 202-4,216,299book hunters, I9n, 47,473,492,494,521book lists, 52, 59,99, 517, 579

(Regiomontanus' advance book list, 586-7,590-1)

see also cataloguesbook peddlers, 130, 377, 583nbookbinders, 47, 50bookkeeping, see accountingbookshops, 132, 138, 140, 144-5, 149, 386-7,

399,444,633'books versus nature', 492-4, 501, 503Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, 673-4Bossuet, 333,351Bostocke, R., 695nbotany, 98, 108-11, 258, 265-7, 484-5, 488,

535,687see also herbals

Bouclier de la Foy (Grenier, N.), 4*6nBoulding, Kenneth, 478-82,699Boulliau, Ismael, 63 mBourbon dynasty, 146, 350-1, 363Bourgeois, Louise, 242bourgeoisie, 146, 388, 394-6, 474-S

see also capitalism; middle classBovillus (Bouelles, Charles), 95Boyd, Julian, 116Boyle, Robert, 633,63 8n, 668n, 700Bracciolini, Poggio, see PoggioBrahe, Tycho, 66t 459, 467, 480-1, 500-1, 520,

533-4. 536, 577-8, 581, 583. 585. 59on,593, 596-9, 601-3, 6i7n, 6i8n, 621,623-6,628-30, 632, 634, 640, 648n, 699

Tychonis Braheii . . . Vita. Accessit NicolaiCopernici, Qeorgii Peurbachii et JoannisRegiomontanii by Pierre Gassendi (TheHague: A Vlacq, 1654), 623-4n

Braillier, Pierre, 54m

Brant, Sebastian, 94Braudel, Fernand, 27Brescia, 209Brethren of the Common Life, 15, i6n, 58n,

345-6,692see also *devotio moderna'

Breughel, Pieter (the elder), 259breviaries, 118,178,312,354, 357,390Breydenbach, Bernhard von, 85-6n, 266Bricot, Thomas, 497Brief Narration, (Carrier, J., 1545), 124Briggs, Sir Henry, 532, 534broadsides, 133,135,304,375nBrothers of the Rosy Cross, see RosicrucianBrowne, Sir Thomas, 18, 336n, 455-8, 471,

472,478, 700Bruges, 37-8,179Brunfels, Otto, 14m, 445n, 487nBruni, Leonardo Aretino, 189, 221, 233nBruno, Giordano, 140, 14m, I42n, 29m, 418,

421, 551, 652, 694Brussels, 490,643Bucer, Martin, 370, 373Buda, 586-7, 589Bude, Guillaume, 2in, iO3-4n, 221, 244, 321,

56iBuhler, Curt, 51, 204Bullock, Henry, 399nBunyanjohn 352n, 366Buonarroti, Michelangelo, see MichelangeloBuonarroti, Michelangelo, Jr, 526Burattini, Tito Livia, 283nBurckhardt, Jacob, 26, 48, 164, 171, 182, 201,

220, 225-8, 2^5, 237-9, 243, 285, 300,378, 456, 488-98, 582

Burghley, Lord, see Cecil, Sir WilliamBurgo, Lucas de, see Pacioli, LucaBurgundian court, 46n, 8onBuridan, Joannes, 497, 594Burke, Peter, 177, 300, 387,412Bury St Edmunds herbal, 492Bussi, Gianandrea de' (Bishop of Aleria), I9n,

5On,3i7,399nButler, Pierce, 164,170Butterfield, Sir Herbert, 503, 637, 646Bylica, Marcin, 589nByzantium, 45n, 222-3n, 288

Cabala, 277-8,289,437, 564n, 641'Cabinet des Freres Dupuy', 644Caiusjohn, 528nCalcagnini,6i7Calcar, Jan Stephan of, see Stephanus,

Joannescalendar reform, 466, 536, 578, 594-5, 606-13,

6i6n, 629, 648, 693, 696calendars, 17, 30, 60, 78, 81, 178, 386, 446, 580calligraphy, 50,82,96n, 258'Callippic cycles', 580

773






GENERAL INDEX

Calvin, 67, 363, 376, 381, 39*, 401-2, 405, 410,445n, 594, 655

Calvinism, 311, 342, 350, 377. 388-9, 409,411, 418-19, 421, 427-8, 439, 441-2,447n, 641, 654, 681, 684

Cambridge Platonists, 281Campanella, Tommaso, 18-19,412, 456n, 551,

644n, 645, 652, 668, 675, 694Campanus of Novara, 500, 5i2n, 536n, 547n,

548, 588Campion, Thomas, 22mCandalla, Franciscus (Candale, Francois Foix

de, 16th c. French mathematician),588n

Canon (Avicenna), 56n, 657nCanterbury Tales (Caxton's ed. 1478), H2nCapella, Martianus, 512, 59oncapitalists; capitalism, 'spirit' of, 16, 22, 24, 27,

30, 32, 34, 57, 60, 88, 93, 153, 155, 179,378-404, 410-13, 421, 445, 448, 459,522-3, 550, 552, 554, 560,660, 680,689,702

see also Weber, MaxCapito,Wolfgang, 372Cappel, Louis (French Protestant scholar),

278n,332-3, 337,447nCardan, Jerome, see Cardano, GirolamoCardano, Fazio, 551Cardano, Girolamo (Jerome Cardan), 236,

497, 537, 541, 548, 552, 562, 599n, 661caricatures, 68, 304Carlyle,Thomas, I57nCarmelite Order, 668

see also Foscarini'Carolingian Renaissance*, see under classical

revivalsCartari, Vincenzo, 195,198Cartesians, Cartesianism, 286, 434, 467, 638n,

646, 655, 661, 681see also Descartes

Carthusians, 14,15, 316, 374,379nCartierjacques, 124cartography and geography, 69, 83n, 109-10,

esp. 192-3, 227, 256, 268n, 457n, 469,478-9, 481-2, 484, 5U-I8, 536, 545,555,580,610

see also Mercator; Ortelius; Ptolemycarto lax, 12, 3 3,45n, 47-8

see also Vespasiano da Bisticcicartoonist, 68, 303Casaubon, Isaac, 73n, 77, 274n, 275n, 278n

281-2, 321Cassiodorus, 14, i5n, 5On, 316, 373Castellio, Sebastian, 257n, 419, 442n, 446Castiglione, Baldassare, 429nThe Castle of Knowledge (Recorde, R.), 534nCastro, Alphonse de, 329nCatalan Atlas (1375), 483n

'Catalogue of English Printed Bookes' (1595)(Maunsell, A.), 106

catalogues, 17, 52, 99, 108, 198, 219, 426n,446

booksellers', 91, 97, 98n, 106, 168, 234, 274library, 63-4, 89-90, 6i8n

cataloguing, 45, 90-1, 93, 96, 98, 106, 255Catalogus Illustrimn Vivorum Germaniae (excerpt

from Trithemius' Liber de ScriptoribusEcclesiasticis 1495), 94n, 2oon

catechisms, 12,117,12on, 349-5™, 356, 423-4,435

Catholicon (13th c. Encyclopedia compiled byFriar Johannes Balbus of Genoa('Giovanni di Genoa') printed byGutenberg, 1460), 89n

Caxton, William, 38-9, 104, ii2n, 179, 36m,375n, 383, 457n

Cecil, Sir William (Lord Burghley), 96, I37n,243,36on,4i7n

Celestines, 14Cellini, Benvenuto, 23 6nCelsus, Cornelius, 25 mCeltic language, 342Cennini, Cennino di Drea, 556censors, censorship, 19, I38n, 142, I45n, 273,

283, 332, 333n, 34m, 399, 401, 405,41m, 415-17,420,442, 6i5n, 636-82

decrees and edicts, 317, 328, 347, 348'A Censure upon Certaine Passages Contained

in the History of the Royal Society AsBeing Destructive to the EstablishedReligion and the Church of England'(Stubbe,H.),668

Chabod, Federico, 184-5Chambers, Ephraim, 682Champ Fleury (Tory, G., 1529), 2O3nChampier, Symphorien, 523nChampollion, Jean Francois, 77nCharlemagne, 182,211Charles I of England, 645nt 680Charles V, Habsburg Emperor, 396Charlewood, John, 417n, 652charts and diagrams, 47, 53, 67n, 81, 88, 92,

113, 461, 466-9, 471, 483, 510, 512-13,520-1, 535, 576, 588-9, 590, 599, 611,62on,623-4,663,694,698,701

Chateaubriant, Edict of, 328Chaucer, Geoffrey, U2n, 365, 483, 493Chauliac, Gui de, 244n, 251, 538-9Chaunu, Pierre, 434,435Cheke, Sirjohn,6i8nchemistry, iO2n, 275n» 286, 530

see also Libavius; ParacelsusChenu, M, D.,290Cherbury, Lord Herbert of, 644*1, 645childhood, 8-9, 430-5

see also familyChina, printing in, 27n, 647n, 648, 652, 702

774






GENERAL INDEX

'Chirographic' culture, $)nsee also scribal cultue

Chirurgia (Chauliac, Gui de), 538-9chorography, 516Christianopolis (Andreae, J. V.), 668nChristina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of

Tuscany, 526Christina, Queen of Sweden, 674aChronicle (Eusebius, 1483 ed.), io6nchronicles, 95-6. « 7 , 190, 234. 296, 352, 599Chronicles, see Bible, separate books ofchronologies, 10, io6n, 113, 124, 186-7, 197,

199-200, 483, 580, 610-11, 700Church Councils, see Fifth Lateran, Nicea,

Trent, Vatican II, VienneChurch fathers, 225, 297-8, 319, 341. 39*Cicero, 19m, 204, 217, 279, 293

Ciceronian, 297, 298, 372, 524Cimento {Academic del Cimento), 666-8, 674ciphers, 96-7. *37n. 277, 551, 563, esp. 563nCipolla, Carlo, 60City of the Sun (Campanella, T.), 69n, 668nClagett, Marshall, 211, 496, 497. <*"clandestine book trade and presses, 19, 137-45,

274n, 283, 348-9, 354, 4 " , 413, 416-17,441, 644, 664, 671, 682

Clark, T.J.,64nclassical revivals, 163-302

'Carolingian Renaissance', 94, 173, 182-4,215

Twelfth century, 173, 175-6, 182-4, 538quattrocento, 73, 170, 173-5, 183-41*, 188,

212, 286, 294, 298cinquecento, 116, 180, 188, 200, 286, 302,

369see also Renaissance; 'rinascita*

Clavis Mathematics (Oughtred), 633nClavius, Christoph, 615n, 6i8nClement VIII, Pope, 328clocks, mechanical, 589Clusius, Carolus, 267, 546nCocceians, 65 5nCochin, Charles-Nicolas, I43nCode and Digest (Justinian), see Corpus Juriscodex form of book, 22,33n, 334'codicology*, ionColbert, Jean Baptiste (Louis XIV's minister),

645Coler, Georg, 627nColet, John, 396Colic, Rosalie, 144Colines, Simon de (16th c. Paris printer), 342n,

442, 54on, 545, S<>7nCollege of Physicians (London), 362, 473nCollege de Saint C6me, 54mCollins, Anthony, 338nCologne, 15, 179, 206, 3i6n, 347, 383a. 400,

540Colonna, Agapito, 295

colophons, 59, 89n, 9611, 138, I45n, 235, 56011,Columbus, Christopher, 490, 508, 512, 582-3,

585. 591, 592n, 595, 601Columbus, Realdus, 5290Comenius, Johann Amos, 68-9, 284, 362,

644n, 647comets, 598-9, 602, 61911, 686Commandino, Federigo, 96n, 62onCommentariolus (Copernicus), 58m, 583n,

6i3n, 6i7n,62inCommonwealth of Learning, xiv, 56, 69, 76,

109, 112, 137-42. esp. I38n, 243. 275n,359, 409, 480, 529-31. 563. 638, 654.665,674,691,698-701,706

see also Republic of LettersCompendium . . . de origine regum et gentis

francorum (Trithemius, 1515), 96ncompositors, 52, 81, 87n, 167, 224, 441, 46m,

588n, 627ncomputus, 608, 611-12

see also calendars; EasterComputus (Villedieu, Alexander de), 6o8nComte, Auguste, 64mconcordances, 67n, 92,97Concordance of Discordant Canons (Gratian),

284Concordia Mundi, 448

see also Guillaume PostelCondillac, £tienne de, 146Condorcet, Marie, Marquis de, 26, 146, 299,

3oonConduitt, John (nephew of Isaac Newton), 679Confessions (Augustine), 230confessors, 64, 87, 318Confrerie des Libraires, Relieurs, Enlumineurs,

Ecrivains et Parcheminiers, 49Conies (Apollonius), 62onConsensus Heheticus (1674), 332, 420conspiracies, secret networks, 140-5, 149-50,

274-6 (underworld of learning), 438,443-4

see also clandestine book trade;Rosicrucians

Constantine, 296-7, 334nConstantinople, 25, 45, 210, 220-1, 22211, 223,

369-70,463.586Constitutions Clementinae, 34011Consuetudines (Coutumes, Customs) from the

Grande Chartreuse (Carthusian chapterhouse), 374, 379

Conti, Natale, (Conies, Natalis), 195,19811

'contra Cremonensia' (Regiomontanus), 59onConvent of San Jacopo of Ripoli, I5n, 46nconversion tables, see tablescookbooks, 64,429Cook, Captain, 469,487Coornhert, Dirk, 44211Copenhagen, 533, 581, 625n, 667

775






GENERAL INDEX

Copernicus, Nicholas, 113, 18911, 191. M I ,262, 273. 298, 454, 458. 459, 466, 483.490, 500-1, 503, 509-10, 516, $23, 525,536, 54711,637,639,64811,650-55,659n,664, 679, 683, 685, 692-6

Copernican Revolution, 71, 299, 462,575-635, 638, 649, 672-6, 692; see alsoDe Reuolutionibus

Coptic language, 343ncopyists, see scribescopyright, 229,23 m, 401, 556-7

see also intellectual property rightsCordier, Mathurin, 3i6nComelio, Tommaso, 667Corpus Juris (Justinian), 62n, 103-4, 339. 355n,

503Florentine codex, 103,622n

correspondence, correspondents, 29, 98, 109,121, I9on (epistolography), 217, 232-3,266, 359, 448, 460-1, 642 (Mersenne'snetwork)

'open' letters (primed) 630-1, 643, 662, 674,687

corresponding societies, 149Cort, Cornelius (Dutch engraver), 23mCorvinus, Matthias, (King of Hungary), i n ,

58cm, 586cosmographers, 144Cosmographiae Introductio (Waldseemuller, M.,

St Die, 1507), I2onCosmography (Apianus) ,534Cosmography\ (Munster, S., 1554), 109cosmology, 315,466,498, 503, 510, 518, 595n,

596-9, 602, 663, 674, 687'Cosmopolis' (as colophon), 138-9Cosmotheoria (Fernel, Jean, 1527), 567nCosterJ.,31,119costume manuals, 84-5counterfeiters, 324Counter-Reformation, 125, 314 (Catholic

Reformation), 325-7. 344-5, 348, 354,389, 406-9, 411-16, 421, 426-7 (Englishreactions to), 444, 648, 652-3, 656

see also censors; Index', propaganda; Trent,Council of

Courbet, Gustave, 64The Courtier (Castiglione, B.), 429nCoverdale, Miles, 44811Craig, John, 79nCranach, Lucas, 68,37611Cranmer, Thomas, 349,365Crespin, Jean, 13911Crete, 222-3Croll, Oswald, 275n, 276n, 474Crombie, A. C , 26411, 468, 498, 504-5Cromwell, Thomas, 135, 312, 349, 357Cronberger, Jakob, 404Cruger, Peter, 63oncryptography, 96,97

Cujas, Jacques, 103-4,194-5Culpeper, Nicholas, 362,656Curtis, Mark, 134Curtius, Ernst, 7, 456-7nCybo of Hyeres, 264nCyclopedia, Universal Dictionary of Arts and

Sciences, 7 (Chambers, 1728), 682Cyprus, 375n

Dante, 190, 232n, 293n, 3i9n, 510Danzig, 61711Dark Ages, 175, 258, 294-8, 304-5, 378n, 470,

58211Darnton, Robert, I36nDarwin, Charles, 75n, 461, 617, 657data collection, 107-13,219,227,262,267, 379,

422, 465, 476, 479-80, 483. 487. 505.518, 520, 531, 559, 592, 596. 600, 640,659,663,670, 687,689,694,701

see also correspondents, 'feed-back'Davis, Natalie Z., 384, 543Day, John (printer), 89, 360-1, 549De Arte Predicandi, 6311De Arte Supputandi (Tunstall, C , 1522), 548nDe Bry, Johann Theodore, 141,275n, 276n, 529De Caelo (Aristotle), 58mDe Civilitate Morum Puerilium (Erasmus), 430De Corrupti Sermonis Emendatione (Cordier,

Mathurin, 1530), 3i6nDe Deis Gentium (Giraldi, G. B.), I98nDe Elegantiis Linguae Latinae (Valla, L.), 5211,

I37n, 2O5nDe Emendatione Temporum (Scaliger, J. J., 1583),

61 inDe Fabrica (Vesalius, 1543), 53n, 239n, 262,267,

447n, 487n, 489-90, 53<>n, 568-74,575-7, 616-17

De Fructu qui ex doctrina, percepitur, liber (Pace,R.). 396

De Historia Piscium (Willoughby), 634De Idolotria (Vossius, 1642), 28mDe Inventoribus Rerum (Vergil, P.), 2in, 233nDe Justa Haeriticorum Punitione (Castro, A. de,

Salamanca, 1547), 32911De la Vicissitude ou Vane'te' de Choses en

VUnivers (Le Roy, Louis, 1575), i66nDe Lateribus et AnguUs Triangulorum (Coperni-

cus, N.; 'Sides and Angles of Triangles*,ed. Rheticus, Wittenberg, 1542), 623n,65on

De Laude Scriptorutn (Gerson), 5onDe Laude Scriptorum (Trithemius), 14, 5on,

378n, 380De Ludo Aleae (Cardanof G.), 662De Magncte, (Gilbert, W,)f 520De Medkina (Celsus, C) , 25x11De Methodo (Aconcio, J., Basel, 1558), 103x1De Motu Sanguinis (Harvey, W,)8 375nt 489,

776






GENERAL INDEX

De Occulta Philosophia (Agrippa), 95-6De Oratore (Cicero, 1465 ed.), 204De Prospectiva Pingendi (Francesca, Piero della),

S48De Re Aedificatoria (Alberti), 8311, 55mDe Re Anatomica (Columbus, R.), 52911De Re Me tall tea (Agricola), 242, 568De Re Afffifari (Valturi), 56511De Rebus Expetendis (Valla, G., Venice: Aldus,

1501), 577n, 62onDe Return Natura (Lucretius), 209, 40911De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelstium (1st edn

Nuremberg, 1543; 2nd edn Basel,1566) (Copernicus, N.), 99n, 453, 462,480, 490, 509-10, 575-7, 58m, 58sn,586n, 587, 589, 591, 595n, 614-1811,620-1, 623, 626, 647, 650-2, 662n, 672,675-6, 695n

De Rudimentis Hebraicis (Reuchlin). 367nDe Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis (Trithemius), 94nDe Stirpiutn (Fuclis, L.), 26611De Triangulis (Regiomontanus, 1533), 586n,

591,62mDe Veritate (Cherbury, H.), 644nDe Viris tllustribus (Facio, B.), 232n, 233nDe Vita Propria (Cardano, G.), 236Decades (Livy), 100Decimals Made Easy (Recorde, R.)» S34nDeclaration of the Rights of Man (1789, French),

355ndedications, 106, 401Dee, John, 96-7n, 99, 144, 274n, 276, 361,

534n, 549-50, 554n, 6i8nDefoe, Daniel, 316, 321, 352n, 384deists, I42n, 64m, 645,701Delumeau,Jean, 314Demonologie (James I), 669ndemonology, 433-4,437-9

see also magic; witchesDescartes, Rene", 125, I43n, 245, 290, 3oon,

409,418, 420,459, 53on, 616,633, 64on,642, 647-9, 653, 663-4, 679, 681

'A Description of the Famous Kingdome ofMacaria* (Plattes, G.), 3O5n

Destrez.Jean, I3n, 8onDeventer, I5n, i6n, 34611, 401, 403-4devotio moderna, 14,175n, 315

see also Brethren of the Common Lifedevotional literature, 78, I27n, 315, 380, 391,

542,656,691Dewey, John, 151diagrams, see chartsDialogue on TwoWorld Systems (Galileo), 672,

676-7Dialogues (Plato, Ficino tr., 1483), 46Dickens, A. G., 310-iin, 353, 368Dickens, Charles, 130dictation, 11, 70, 524, 698dictionaries, 17, 81, 88-9, 91, 99-100, 177.

220-2, 245, 337, 362, 566, 579, 671trilingual, 78,2245ee also lexicography

Diet ionnaire (Bayle, P.), 143,420Diderot, Denis, 265Die Allgemeine Relatiuitatstheorie (Einstein),

Die Sieben Busspsalmen (Luther), 3o8nDigges, Leonard, (father of Thomas), 468,

6i8n, 6s9nDigges, Thomas, 458, 618n, 652Dijksterhuis, 498n, 506Diodati, Elias (Elie), 644-5 <*47n, 653-4*1Diodati, Giovanni (Jean), 349, 411-12, 64411,

Dioscorides, no , 484-5,487-8jee also Mattioli

Dirac, Paul Adrian Maurice, 46m'Directions for Seamen bound for far Voyages'

(Royal Soc. pub., 1665), 476Discours Admirables (Palissy), 541Discourses on Livy (Niccolo Machiavelli), 101Discourses on Two New Sciences (Galileo), 677-8dissent, 311, 345nDissenter-s, 316, 352nDivina Commedia (Dante), 3i9nDivina Proportione (Pacioli), 588'Divine Art' (description of printing), 5cn, 62,

15S, 217, 2so, 317, 347Doctrinal des Filles, 64Doiet, Etienne, 36on, 423nDominican order, 5on, 63n, 297n, 3i4n, 375n,

398, 419. 433, 436-9, 495'Domus Charitatis', see Family of Love'Donation of Constantine*, 281Donatus, 46n, 187Dondi, Giovanni de', 589nDoni (Italian publicist), 6i4nDonne, John, 662nDort, Synod of, 420n, 655Drake, Stillman, 524-5, 528-9, 622, 676Dreyer,J. L. E., 500Dryden, John, 192DuBartas, Guillaume de Saluste, 61411Du Bellay, Joachim, 2 inDuhem, Pierre, 494n, 495, 497-8, 501, 506Duns Scotus, Johnv499, 548Durand, Laurent, I43nDurant,Will, 44Dtirer, Albrecht, 68,98n, 176,188,2O3n, 2O5n,

243, 247-8, 268n, 28on, 34m, 404,44?n, 546, 548-5O, 559-OO, 564, 589n

Duret, Noel, 63 m

Easter, 610, 612, 696see also calendar reform

Edward VI of England, 358nEgnazio, Giovanni Battista (16th c. Venetian

pedagogue and editor), 54711

777






GENERAL INDEX

Egypt (ancient culture of), 69n, 77. 2?2n, 287,563

see also Hermetic writings; hieroglyphicsEinstein* Albert, 61513. 618The Elements of Qeometrie of the Most Ancient

Philosopher Euclide ofMegara (Billingsleytr. of Euclid* 1570), 361, 550

Eleuthera (as colophon), 139Elizabeth I of England, 106, I28nElizabethans, 79, 361, 385, 429, 618Elliott, J. H., 496Elsevier

Louis, I4on, 409, 645, 653firm, 338n, 35m, 480, 645^ 64?. 678, 680,

691Elyot, Thomas, 69, 698Emblemata (Alcoati), I75n, 28011emblem books, 68-9, 280emigres, 23, 177, 414, 446, 449

see also Huguenots; Marian exilesEntile (Rousseau, J.-J.)» ISI

empiricists, 472-3,476-7,485,491,494-$, 508,568

encyclopedias, 86n, 89n, 9811, 102, 109, 436,514, 550

see also Cyclopedia-, Grande Encyclopedicengineers* 535, 551, 688-9, 693England's Birth-Right Justified (Lilburne, J.,

1645), 36211The English Tradesman (Defoe, D.)» 384engravers, 56, 77, 84-5, 109, 143, 176, 23m,

23411, 238, 24811, 259-60, 262, 276, 280,283, 447», 480, 510, 532, 535. 54i. 548,567. 577, 625

engraving, art of, 68, 171-2, 200, 263, 302,575, 625

engravings, 85, 234, 259-60see also illustrations; visual aids

Enlightenment, 18, 29, 136, 146, 148, 284,393, 410, 418-20, 439, H3, 449, 558,563, 619, 691, 701

ephemerides, 81, 619, 659, 661Ephemerides (Regiomontanus), 583, 587, 618Ephemerides (Stadius), 596nEphemeris Anni 1337 1557 (London: John

Feild, 1556), 618nEpistles (St Jerome, Rome: Sweynheim and

Pannartz, 1469), I5n, 5onepitomes, 169-70, 464, 630Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (Kepler),

63on, 632, 639Epytoma in Almagestum Ptolemai (Peurbach and

Regiomontanus), $84n, 585The Equatorie of the Planetis (Chaucer), 277nErasmus, 18, iO4n, io6n, 136, 144-5, I74n,

175-6, 180,184, I9on, 19m, 2O5n, 219,221, 223n, 234, 279-80, 297, 3O9n,316-17, 320, 323n, 331, 338n, 341-2,H<5, 353. 357, 372, 396, 399n, esp.

400-2, 405, 4*5-i6, 419-20, 430, 439,457n, 545, 57L 62on, 676,693, 696

*Erasmians\ 'Erasmian humanism*, 207,248,301, 323, 356, 364-8,418, 421. 444.449

errata, 80, 85, 587The Errors of Painting (Fabriano), 257nEscorial, El, 444, 448Essay on National Education, or Plan of Studies

for the Young (La Chalotais), 35mEssex, earl of, 106Estienne

Charles, 387, 509, 54i* 566-7Henri II, 73», 23 m, 447Nicole, 242Robert, 91, 99, iO4n, 108, 2O5n, 328, 331,

336, 34*n* 356. 399-4OI* 4 " , 441, 447.540, 567J1, 691

firm, 22m, 334n, 680etiquette books, 64,430-1Etymologies (Isidore of Seville), 513-14Euclid (of Megara), 23, I7on, 187, 193, 2x2,

214, 237, 242, 288, 290, 361, 471. 494.497n, 499. 5O5, 53L 534, 54L 546-54.552, 588-9, 593, 62on, 623n, 699-70

Translations: English (Billingsley), 361, 534n,549, 55on; French, 541; Italian (Tarta-glia), 546

Euripides, 180Eusebius. io6nevangelism, lay, 3x8, 345-6, 348, 357, 360-1,

371Exegeses Fundamentorum Gnomonicorum (Schei-

ner, C. Ingolstadt, 1615), 56mEyb, Albrecht von, 372n

Fabriano, G. A. Gilio da, 257Fabricius, Hieronymus, 26211, 56211Facio, Bartolomeo, 232n, 233nFama Fratemitas (Rosicrucian manifesto), 275nFamilists, see Family of Lovefamily, 133-4,424-31.447

see also childhood'Family of Love', 140-1,144,275,443-6, 448n,

669Fanti, Sigismondo, 8211FasciculusMedicinae(Ketham, Venice: Gregoris,

1493-4), 536nFaust (Johann Fust), 50, 9sn, 277U, 438Fcbvre, Lucien, 41,434Febvre, Lucien and Martin, H.-J., 5, 33, 35-$,

153,511Fedciigo da Montcfeltro, Duke of Urbino, 48'feed-back', 111, 127, 268, 462, 479, 481-2,

487-8, 518, 573, 631, 68o» 687see also data collection

Feild.John, 6i8nFeliciano, Felice, 2O3nFermat, Pierre de, 530, 537, 554, 662

778






GENERAL INDEX

Fernel, Jean, 2in, 5671^Fcrrara, 349, 50811,593,602'Fcstina Lente* (Erasmus), 28onFibonacci, see Leonardo of PisaFichet, Guillaume, 250,399nf 561Ficino, Marsilio, 4611, 77, 98, 28on-i, 285n-6,

288,438Field, Richard, 415n, 41711field trips, 53n, no , H2n, 233, 266, 484, 687

see also data collectionFiesole, 4511Filarete, 23211Fine\ Oronce, 521, 544-5, 5^7nFirst Narration (Rheticus), 652Fitzer, William (William Harvey's publisher),

Florence, 12,15n, 46-7n, 49-$on, 178-9, i8sn,189, 207, 2I7» 222-3, 232-3, 252-3,293-4, 353n, 382-3. 483. 492, 525-8,553n> 643. $45. 653,667, 671

Florio, John, 27n, 362Fludd, Robert, 69n, 275n, 276n, 529, 549n,

Fontenelle, Bernard, 62411,698forbidden books, see banned booksForesti, Jacobo Filippo, 66hforgery, 122, 147* 281-2, 321, 323-5. 437Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, 551, 644n, 653n,

668,675-6, 694Foxe, John, 2 m, I28n, 304, 3O5n, 31m, 373».

378,415,419,423,446Franciscans, 393,495,, 551Francois I of France, 104, 545Frankfurt, 57, 139-42, 250, 275n, 407. 474,

529n, 6i7n, 627, 655, 668Franklin, Benjamin, 154-5,380-1Frauenberg (Frombork), 579, 593, 62mFrederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 498, 537nFrederick the Wise of Saxony, 376nFreemasons, see Masonsfreethinkers, 142, 257n, 644-5nFrench Revolution, 85, 138, 149, 326n, 362,

388,394Freud, Sigmund, xnfriars, 73,125,285,315,384, 394, 495, 546n-5i,

689,693Friedberg, Peter von, x$nFrisius, Gemma, 529, 534, 599nFroben

Jerome (Son of Johann), 99n, 276n, 6i7nJohann (Basel printer), 99n, io6n, 368, 372,

570firm, 76n, 3O9n, 341, 396, 43onsee also Amerbach

FroHsher, Martin, 2inFrombork, see FrauenbergFroschauer, Christopher (16th c. Zurich printer

printer), 99Frost, Robert, 493

Fuchs, Leonhart, 234n, 266n, 486Fuggers, 539Fuibcrt of Chartres, 497nFulda,3i6fundamentalism, 360, 364, 366-7, 439-40, 657,

704see also literalism (Biblical)

Furet, Francois, 2911, 41411Fust, Johann. 31, 49-50, 60, 95-6, 179

Gaguin, Robert, 250x1, 399nGalen, Galenism, 69, 75, i89n, 193, 242-3,

362, 453-4, 473, 475, 484-5, 486-7,490n, 502-3, 523-5, 529, 566-74(Galenic revival), 616,693

Galileo, 119, 137, 273, 409, 412-13, 456n,458-9,495.496,501-2,504, 523,52S-3on,553, 555, 56m, 577n, 619,620, 630, 631,632, 633. 637, 639n, 64on, 643, 644-5,647-9,652-4,656,657-8, 660-1, 663-4,683,, 685, 694, 697-8

Galileo's Trial, 461, 636, 648n, 654, 666,670-82

Galleus (Antwerp publishing firm), 20Gallus (Roman printer), 2onGardiner, Stephen, 68Gargantua (Rabelais), 73,400Gart der Gesundheit (von Cube, Mainz: Peter

Schoeffer, 1485), 86, 266Gasparini Orthographia (Barzizi, G.), 25OnGassendi, Pierre, 623, 624n (Life of Tycho

Brahe), 629n, 631, 642, 644, 647The Gate of Knowledge (Recorde, R.), 534nGauss, Karl Friedrich, 607,680Gautier, The*ophile, I57nGay, Peter, 298Genealogy of the Gods (Boccaccio), io6nGenesis, see Bible, separate books ofGeneva, 206-7, 328, 331, 349, 36on, 363,

4Q2n, 405, 410-13, 418-20, 44i-2n446, 644, 647n, 654-5, 682, 684

Geoffrey of Meaux (medieval astronomer), 601Geographia (Ptolemy, Bologna, 1477), 192-3,

469,516, 592n,594,659Geographia Generalis emendata et iltustrata ab

Isaaco Newton (Varenius, Cambridge,1672.), 663n

geography, see cartography and geographyGeometrk (Descartes), 633geometry, 252, 277, 497, 525^ 53i-3» 541-2,

547-50, 576» 588-9, 697, 699see also Euclid; quadrivium

George of Trebizond, 399n, 464nGerard of Brussels, 537nGerard of Cremona, 210, 590Germania (Tacitus), 127,201Gerson, Jean, 14-15, 5on, 373Gesner, Conrad, 73, 96n-9,107,109, i n , 268n,

301,483,708

779






GENERAL INDEX

Geynes, John, 473 nGhiberti, Lorenzo, 232n, 252, 293, 55mghost writers, 146Gianandrea de' Bussi, see Bussi, G.Gibbon, Edward, i8sn, 20m, 295, 393Gide, Andre, 352Giese, Tiedemann (Bishop of Kulm, friend of

Copernicus), 652nGilbert, Neal, 102-3Gilbert, William, 520,652Gillispie, Charles, 679Gilmore, Myron, 27-8,301Gingerich, Owen, 54411Giordano of Pisa, Friar, 553nGiotto, 164, 232n, 238, 254, 292-3, 493Giraldi, Giovanni Battista, I95~7n, 198globes, and globe-makers, 273n, 480-1, 484,

516,557,56on, 599-600,659,663,676,697seeafsoBlaeu, W.J.

Glorious Revolution (1688), 142, 682glyphs, 76, 277, 287-8Godfrey of Vorau (14th c. canon), 456n'Godly private prayers for householders to

meditate upon and to say in theirfamilies' (1576), 425

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 493Goliard poetry, 393-4nGombrich, Ernst, 152,268Gospels, 79n, 317, 342-3, 353, 3<*5, 372. 377-8,

428, 579, 616Gothic Revival, 201,213,494Gothic styles, 83, 173, 187, 213-15, 294Gothic typeforms and bookhands, 201-7, 216,

346n, 490, 549nThe Gottingen Model Book, 6$n, 82nGrafton, Richard (English printer), 10411,

350,356grammar, 87n, 91, 350 (Lily)

see also trilingual studies; triviumGrand Atlas (Joan Blaeu), 480,688Grande Chartreuse, priors of, 374, 379nGrande Encyclopedic (Diderot, 1751-7), I39n,

I43n, I47n, 258n, 261, 265, 273n, 556Granjon, Claude (type designer), 2O2n, 2O5nGratian, 284Gray, Hanna, 173,296Graz, 623n'Great Boke of Statutes 1530-1533' (Rastell,

John), 105Greek e'migre's, 139, 220, 22m, 222-3, 359, 512Greek studies, 180, 213, 220-3, 337-8, 355-6,

496, 499, 523 (Greeks versus Arabs),545, 588n, 593-4, 657-8, 696-7, 700

see also trilingual studiesGregory I (the Great), Pope, 67, 213, 493Gregory XIII, Pope, (1572-85), 648nGrenier, Nicole, 42611Greyff, Michael, 375nGriffin, Edward (English publisher), 241

Grimaldi manuscript collection, 22211Grimm, Heinrich, 147, 308Groote, Gerhard, I4-I5n, 345~<*

see also devotio moderna; WindesheimGrosseteste, Robert, 92, io6n, 551,607Grotius, Hugo, I37n, 418n, 420, 421, 480, 647The Ground o/Artes (Recorde, R.), 533n, 534n*Grub Street', 136, 142, 302, 392, 619

in Venice, I37n, 176,228in London, 360

Griinenberg, Johannes (also known as Rhau-Griinenberg) (Wittenberg printer),

Gryphius, Sebastien (printer in Lyons), 400.568n

Guide des Chemins de France (Estienne, C ,1553), 387

guidebooks and handbooks, 65, 78-9, 87, 315,318, 392, 428-9, 545, 555, 593, 659

see also self-helpGuidobaldo da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino,

48, 49, 547nGuillard, Charlotte (16th c. Parisian printer),

87nGuilleretus (Roman printer), 376nGuinther (or Winter) of Andernach, Johannes

566n,567, 569Guizot, Francois, 388Gunter, Richard, 532The Gutenberg Galaxy (McLuhan, M.), x,

16-17, 40-1Gutenberg, Johann, 49,6o, 119,178

tributes to, 25-7n, 48, 89n, 250, 305Guy de Montrocher (or Guido de Monte

Rocherii), 31411

Habsburg realms, 84,118, 405, 407-8, 647Hagecius, (16th c. astronomer), 599nhagiography, 315Hale, John, 136,477Hall, A. R., 557,6o5nHall, Basil, 371Halley, Edmund, 6i9n (comet), 634, 638, 644,

674Hamman, Johannes, (15th c. Venetian printer),

583,584Hanna way, Owen, 474, 530Hardouin, Jean, 324-5Hariot (Harriott), Thomas, 642, 653Harrington, James, I42nHartlib, Samuel, 3O5n, 362, 643n, 668nHarvey, William, 275n, 459, 489, 525, 528-9,

616, 64011, 648-9, 660-I, 664, 667, 685,692

Hassinger, Erich, 37811Haydn, Hiram, 475Hazard, E. (Historical Collections), 116Hazard, Paul, 409Heath, Peter, 394

78O






GENERAL INDEX

Hebrew studies, 223-4, 245, 257, 277-8, 282,289, 321, 33i-3n, 337-8, 340, 359, 367.372, 4oon, 613n, 700see also Bible; Talmud; trilingualstudies

Hebrew vowel points, 278-9, 332, 471,477n

Hedio, Caspar, 370Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 63 3n, 706Heidelberg, 420,654Heilbronn, 490 s87nHeinsius, Daniel, 338nheliocentric theory, 577n, 620, 648n, 6son,

673see also Copernicus

Hellinga, W., ionHelvetius, Jean, 146Hening, William W., 116Henri IV of Navarre, 441Henricpetreius (Heinrich Petri), see Petri,

HeinrichHenry VIII of England, 135, 326, 357-8Henry the Navigator, 192,515heraldry, I34,426nherbals, 86, 108, 262, 265-6, 487n, 492n, 538,

659see also botany

Herbipolensis see Thanner,JacobHerbst, see OporinusHercules, 197,215-16heresies, see Hussites; Lollards; Waldensians'Hermes Trismegistus', 77, I23n, 272, 277,

281-2,285,288n, 321Hermetic writings, i42n, 274n, 277-8n,

279-81, 283n, 285n, 572, 579, 641, 669nHerodotus, 127Heron (Hero) of Alexandria, 586Het Licht see Light of Navigationheterodoxy, 313, 332n, 343n, 404, 418-19,

442-3,447,480see also Family of Love; Nicodemite sects;

RosicrucianHexter, J. H., 364, 386, 388-9, 394. 396, 441Heynlin, Johann (15th c. librarian, U. of Paris),

399nHeywood, John, 376hieroglyphics, 69n, 77-8, 278-84, 288, 563

see also *Horapollo'; EgyptHildebert of Le Mans, i84-5nHippocrates, 237,523nHistoire des Sciences Mathimatiques en Italic

(Libri, 1838), 494nHistoric Animalium (Conrad Gesner, Zurich:

Froschauer, 1551), 98n, 483Historia Reformationis (Myconius), 3o6nHistory of the Council of Trent (Sarpi, P.),

412,413n, 64411History of the Royal Society (Sprat, T.), 668,

682n, 696

History oftheWorld (Raleigh, SirW., London,1614), 45<*n, 563a

Hobbes, Thomas, 647, 669nHofstadter, Richard, I5onHohenzollerns, 363,492Holbein, Hans, 68,17611Holland, see United ProvincesHollandia, voyage of (1595-7), 600Holy Land, 85-on, 337Holzel of Nuremberg (printer), 3O7nHomer, 220,281,321Hondius, Jocundius (17th c. Dutch map

publisher), 480-1, 558, 600Hooke, Robert, 633,664,673Horace, I47n, 256, 577n'Horapollo' (Hieroglyphics of), 77n, 78, I75n,

279, 28on, 437'Horrible Pacts made between the Devil and

the pretended invisible ones* (1623)(attack on Rosicrucians), 43 8n

Hortensius, Martinus, 643The Household Philosophie, probably translated

by Thomas Kyd from Tasso's 1588Italian work, 42411

Hugh of Saint Victor, I23n, 25m, 257,340 (Victorines)

Hugo, Victor, 66Huguenots, 19,14on, 141,143,145n, 326, 350,

351, 352, 410-11, 414. <*24n, 646-7.679

Hume, David, 112Hundred Years War, 538Hus,John, 31 onHussites, 311, 345,692Hutten, Ulrich von, 243, 3O5n, 394,62onHven, 480,

/ Marmi (Doni, Venice, 1552), 6i4nhones anatomicae (Vesalius), 53niconoclasm. 66-8, 293lconologia (Rome, 1603) (Ripa, C), 662nideographic writing, 9n, 27nilliteracy, 60-1, 67, 129-30, 334, 370illuminators, 47, 50, 53, 55,65n, 234, 258, 263,

265,267, 5i2n,589,687illustration

general, 68-70, 85-6, 133, 258-9, 261-3,see also images; visual aids

scientific, 98, 108-9, 266-9, 469-70, 486,SH. 538, 556, 5^2n, 566-9, 573. 575-6,601, 625

scribal, 52, 6511, see also illuminatorsscriptural and religious, 108, 448

images, 53, 66-y, 81, 85, 125, 135, 197. 200,259-60, 263-5, 280, 293, 478-9. 701

Imhotep, 237Imitation of Christ (Thomas a Kempis), 318,

346,39iImprimatur, 329, 347n, 355, 407, 678

781






GENERAL INDEX

In Calumniatorum Platonis (Bessarion, C , 1649),548n

In Praise of Folly (Erasmus), 176x1In Praise of Scribes, see De Laude Scriptcrumincipits, 121,235incunabula, 11, 26, 28, 33, 35-6, 44, 166, i68n,

204-sn, 462, 508, 515Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 125, I45n, 147,

329, 342, 347n, 348» 355, 364, 407, 4" ,413, 415-17, 528n, 639* 644, 652-3, 655,670, 673, 675. 676-7, 695

see also banned books; censorshipindexes, 57, 75, 88, 90-4, 98n, 100-2, 104-6,

109, 246, 277, 328, 517, 564nindividualism, 228-30, 234-7, 254, 321Indo-Arabic, see under Arabic scienceindulgences, 58, 60, 178, 244, 306, 310, 368,

375-7, 7O2Indulgentiae Ecclesiarum Urbis Romae (Rome,

1511), 376nInitia Doctrinae Physicae (Melanchthon, P.),

Innis, Harold, 4mInnocent III, Pope, 301Inquisition, the Roman, 283, 340, 347, 4i3n,

444, 527,666,671,679,682Institutes of the Christian Religion (Calvin), 67,

2o6n, 402Institutio Astronomica (Gassendi), 629ninstrument-makers, 59, 240-1, 246, 261, 273,

504, 526, 53on, 531, 545, 557-8, 561,587, 619, 627n, 640, 659-61, 663, 687,693

An Introduction of the Eyght Partes of Speche(Lily, 1542), 350

Invectiva in Medicum Quendam (Petrarch), 252ninventions, inventors, 20-1, U9-20, 240-1,

246, 25m, 254, 26on, 292, 525 (Galileo),553—4* 556-8, 564n (Alberti's cipherwheel)

see also instrument-makers; patentsInvestiganti (17th c. Neapolitan scientific soc-

iety), 666-7,68onIsaiah, see Bible, separate books ofIsidore of Seville, 191, 513-14, 548Isingrin, Michael 76n, 99nIslam, 288, 330, 335, 337, 463, 466, 609, 6ionIstanbul, see ConstantinopleIvins, Jr, William, 6n, 53-4, 265-6,

Jacobins, Jacobinism, 150, 424James I of England, 351, 358, 360, 412,

James, Thomas (Bodley's librarian), 4160,

Jamnitzer, Wenzel,Jansenism, 333, 351, 396,426n, 662Jefferson, Thomas, 115-16,237Jenson, Nicholas, 205 n

Jerome, St, 80, 17411, 191, 297, 331, 571, 693Epistles, I5n, 5onsee also Vulgate

Jesuits, 282-3, 3i4n, 3^4n, 326, 329, 333-4,348n, 350-1, 397, 407, 423. 523, 530n,56m, 624n, 640, 647-8, 652-3n, 656,678

Jewel, John, Bishop, 437job-printing, 59-60, 375John of Holywood, see SacroboscoJohn of Piacenza, 32onJohn the Scot (Johannes Scotus Eriugena), 339Jordanus Nemorarius (de Nemore), 497n,

498, 537nJoris, David, 446Josephus, 324Joubert, Isaac and Laurent {16th c. Montpellier

professors of medicine). 24411, 539nJournal des Scavans, 460,638,643njournalism, journalists, 130-3, I5on, 156, 228,

246, 316, 394,64311,695journals, see learned journals'Juan Philadelpho of Venice', see Crespin, JeanJung, Carl, 69Juvenal, i8n: 121

'Kalendar* (Ratdolt), io6nKearney, H. F., 663Kepler, Johann, 18-19, 262, 460-1, 5oi-3n,

536, 542, 549, 577, 582, 585, 588-9,599n, 61 in, 616, 6i7n, 6i8n, 620-1,62311, 624J1, 626-32, 639, 64cm, 649,650a, 65 m, 654-5, 660-1, 664, 674,692

Ketham, Joannes de, 536nKeysersberg, Geiler von, 236, 316, 373Kiliaan, Cornilis (b. Cornelius Duffel, 1528)

(also known as Cornelius Kiel, CorneliusKilianus or A. C. Kilianus Dufflaeus),2on, loon

Kingdon, Robert, 330,445Kircher, Athanasius, 282, 333n, 624nKlosterneuberg, 482Knox, John, 364nKoberger, Anton, (15th c. Nuremberg

publisher), 248, 257n, 404, 447nKoestler, Arthur, 75, 509, 614-15, 617, 620,

623,626-8,676,678Kohn, Hans, 359Koran, 330, 334-5. 337, 4*9. 422n, 570, 6i2

see also Arabic studies; IslamKristeller, P. O., I73n, I74n, 208Kuhn, Thomas, 609,615

V Agriculture et Maisons Rusttyues (£sti«mits C),

VApparition du livre, see Febvre, Lucien andMartin, Henri-Jean

VHistoire de I'Crigine et du Premier Progrh de

782






GENERAL INDEX

Vlmprimerie (Marchand, The Hague,1740), i43n

La Chalotais, Louis Rene" de, 35mLa Grande Chirurgie de M. Gui de Chauliac

restitute pat M. Laurent Joubert (Joubert,Isaac, ed. 1578), 244n

La Manihe de bien Traduire d'une Langue aVAuire (Dolet, E., 1540), 36on

La Mothe Le Vayer, Francois de, 644La Popeliniere, Lancelot Voisin de, 4oon'La Semaine' (Du Bartas, 1587), 6i4nLabi, Louise, 242Laelius, Gaius, 662x1'Laetus' (Giulio Pomponio Leto), I38nLamartine, Alphonse de, 153Lando, Ortensio, 13911, 40011Langford, Jerome, 673,676Laplace, Pierre Simon, Marquis de, 58411,

661Lascaris, Constantine, 4811Lateran Council, the Fifth (1515), 347, 613Latin language, 20, 78,187, 189, 191, 256, 279,

294. 297, 313, 3i6, 330, 334, 359. 363see also De Elegantiis (Valla)

Latin-reading elites, xiv, 63-4, 118, 127-8, 242,269, 283, 309, 345, 359, 397, 453, 472,480,490, 520, 522, 524-5, 528, 531, 534,538. 541, 545, 569, 575, 622, 654, 662,690, 691-2, 700

Lauber, Diebold, I3nLaud, William, 645n, 680Laurentii, N. (Florentine printer), 100Lausanne, Academy of, 99law printing and legal studies, 103-5, no-2On,

I33n (poor laws), 194-5, 355n, 362Le Breton, Andre* Francois, I43nLe Maire, Jean, 349nLe Monde (Descartes), 664'Le Operazioni del compasso geometrico et

militare' (Galileo, 1606), 525nLe Roy, Louis, 2in, i66nLe Sanctuaire Fermi au Prophane ou la Bible

defendue au Vulgaire (Le Maire), 34onlearned journals, 460-2, 63 8n, 64on, 643n, 695

see also serial publicationLeClerc, Jean, xv, I38n, I45n, 420, 638n, 645,Leers, Reiner, 138,42on, 646nLeeuwenhoek, Anthony van, 47mLefevre d'Etaples, Jacques, I37n, 285n, 331,

342, 345, 353, 356, 369-70, 442n,

Leo X, Pope, 306,347,613nLeonardo da Vinci, 238-9,248n, 269,484, 509,

550-2,564-6,588nLeonardo of Pisa (also called Fibonacci), 236,

381,467. 537,548, 552nsee also Liber Abaci {Book of the Abacus)

Les Nouuelles Pensies de GaliUe (Mersenne, ed.),

Lehmann-Haupt, H., 57Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 68, I38n, 245n,

284,537, 5<53-4n. 638n, 680Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, 360Leiden,99,I37n, 332, 338,359, 409, 416, 4191*,

480, 535, 54©n, 641, 643, 647, 656,678

Leipzig, 3O7-8n, 539,581

Letter against Werner (Copernicus), 578, 58on,58m, 621

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (Galileo),644.653-4

Letter a (Foscarini). 64411,675Letters to Serena (Toland), I42nLetters on Sunspots (Galileo), 53on, 653nLetters (Theophilactus Simocatta), 579Leviathan (Hobbes), 3o6nLevita, Elias, 22411,447nlexicography, lexicons, 75n, 91-3, 99-1 con,

279, 336Libavius, Andreas, iO2n, 275n, 474, 53onLiber Abaci {Book of the Abacas, c. 1202,

Leonardo of Pisa), 236n, 381-2, 467,537, 548,548n

'Liber Pauperum', 62nLiber de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis (Trithemius,

JO, 94libraries, 22n, 45, 73-5, 78, 132, 145. 149. 158,

220, 221 (University of Wittenberg),245, 288, 367-8 (U. of Wittenberg),395, 400, 473, 503, 511, 518-19, 558,578, 587n, 618n, 625, 634, 670

libraries, manuscript, 48, 209, 222n, 517, 586n,593,622

library catalogues, see catalogueslicensing (of printers), 120, 347, 444, 639, 678,

682see also privileges

life sciences, 69,469,530,537see also anatomy, botany, medicine

Light of Navigation {1612 English translationof Het Licht, Blaeu, W. J.)» 48m

Lilburne, John, 362,423nLily, William (Elizabethan grammarian), 350Lincean Academy (Lincei)$ 653n, 666f 676Linguet, Simon Nicholas Henri, 147Linnaeus (Carl von Linne*), 487Lipsius, Justus, 359n, 442nLister, Martin (17th c. English zoologist), 68onlists of prohibited books, see Index Librorum

Prohibitorumliteracy, 8, 17, 27, 32-3, 35-6, 60-3, 65, 71,

130,158, 167,173, 227, 244n, 247, 252,333, 346, 363, 386n, 396, 414-15, 422,424,432, 529,538,639, 657, 678-9, 682,690, 704, 707

see also Bible-readingliteralism (Biblical), 332,357, 523, 576

see also fundamentalism

783






GENERAL INDEX

literary property rights, 120-2, 229, 240, 320,324. 337. 497n. 526, 543, 559. 667

see also authorship; copyrightliterati, men of letters, 23,30,47, 76, 112,145,

147,153-8,171-2,182,188, 217, 22m,228, 242, 250, 254, 258, 274, 283, 286,371. 374. 392, 400, 404. 445. 44$, 493.5i2n, 535, 54sn, 559.618,672, 702, 704

see also Latin-reading elites; Republic ofLetters

liturgy, 313.35i. 408,446Lives of the Artists (Vasari, 1550), H2n, 232-3,Lives of Illustrious Men (Vespasiano), 4511, 48'Lives of Mathematicians* (Baldi, Bernardino),

Livy, 100-1,188-90Locke, John, xv, 13811, 14311, 418, 420, 638,

647,699logarithm tables, 2On, 467-8,520, 531, 583-411,

62411,626,628,631,661,697see also mathematics; trigonometry

Logic (Aristotle), 611Lollards, 245, 310-nn, 325, 345-tf, 349, 423.

692Lombard, Peter, 31411,365Lopez, Robert, 386-7Louis XIII of France, 135,349Louis XIV of France, 3on, 135,679Louis XVI of France, 85,135n, 352Louvain, 359, 48o-9on, 534n, 535Lowry, Martin, 691Loyola, St Ignatius, 234, 354. 439Lucretius, 209-11,40911Ludlow, Edmund, 142x1Luethy, Herbert, 421,445Lufft, Hans, 65011Lull, Ramon, 9211,31511,34011Luschner, Johann, 375Luther, Lutherans, 68, 98n, 191, 234, 303-13

(Lutheran revolt), 3i9n, 323m 329,341, 347, 350, 353-4, 356-7, 367-75(Strasbourg Reformation), 375-8, 381,391, 404-7. 415, 439n, 449-50, 453-4.614-16, 64m, 649-52, 654, 684, 695

Lyell, Sir Charles, 461Lyons, 179,234n, 250,349, 352^ 392, 399-400,

402,404,409-11.441, 538, 541, 543-4,566n, 568n, 570, 682

Lyte, Henry, 241,

McGuffey Reader, 430McLuhan, Marshall, x, xi, xvii, 911, 16, 40-1,

88, 129,151,171,186, 3i9n, 429Mabillon, Jean, 20911Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de, 146Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 19, 388Machiavelli, Bernardo, 100-1Machiavelli, Niccolo, 100-1, 129, 189, 418,

594.676

Machlinia, William de (printer), 104Mademoiselle de Maupin (Gautier, 1835), 15711Maestlin, Michael, 525, 597-8, 6o2n, 6i7n,

628-9,649,65 m, 654Magellan, Ferdinand, 508,5920magic, magicians, 76, 95-6, 246, 272, 274-9,

284, 286, 289, 438, 562, 64411, 669-70,681

MagnaCarta, 119Magnum Abbreviamentum (Rastell), 105Maier, Michael, 27511Maitland, Frederic William, 201Malebranche, Nicolas, 646Malesherbes, Chretien Guillaumc de Lamoi-

gnon de, 132Malikshah Observatory, 6ionMallet, Abb6,257nMalleus Maleficarum (i486), 436-7,439Malpighi, Marcello, 660, 664-5, 695Mandrou, Robert, 2911,434Manetti, Giannozzo, 21m, 23311Manilius, 210Manipulus Curatorum (Guy de Montrocher or

Guido de Monte Rocherii), 3i4nMannerism, 83, 260,430Mannheim, Karl, 154-5Mansion, Colard, 37-9Mantegna, Andrea, 20311,489, 548Manual for Parish Priests, 31811manuals, 65, 82 (writing), 87 (confessors'),

241,247,249,294 (preachers'), 372, 383.385-7, 392, 399n, 424n-5, 428-9, 456,

5ion, 590see also self-help

manuscript book production and trade, 6n,10-16, 22 (12th c. 'book revolution'),36-9, 47. 55, 59. 65n, 216-17, 25m,380,391,540,622

see also scribes; scriptoria; stationersManutius, Paul, 118,398,675

see also Aldus Manutiusmappaemundi, 479,512,514-16maps, see atlases and mapsMarat, Jean Paul, 657nMarcantonio della Torre, 56611Marcantonio Raimondi of Bologna (engraver),

176,231Marchand, Prosper, 143Marciana (library), 222n, 58611,622Mardersteig, Giovanni, 203 nMarian exiles, 305,36011,446,570mariners and navigators, 7411, 455, 468, 492,

508, 554, 558, 561, 583Mariolatry, 433Marlowe, Christopher, 72Marot, Clement, X3on, 352Marot-Beza (Huguenot) psalter, I3on, 352Marsh (Marshe), Thomas, 6i8nMartin, H.-J., $n, 29a

784






GENERAL INDEX

martyrs, 133, 297. 325, 345n, 361, 423, 424n,441

Marxist interpretations, 25, 146, 388-90, 459,522,550,659,689,706

Mary Tudor, Queen of England, 358, 426Masons (Free Masons), 77, 125, 141-4. 150,

274,282n, 443Masonic lodges, 142-3,149

masons (stone-workers), 6sn, 553nMassacre of St Bartholomew's eve, I33n,

140, 542nMathematical Magick (Wilkins, J.). 555Mathematical Principles of Christian Theology

(Craig, J., London, 1690), 79nThe Mathematical Principles of Natural Philoso-

phy (Newton, I., 1687), see Principiamathematics, mathematicians, 54, iO2n, 240-1,

245,29O,4S8,4<S7-8, 494-SOO, 504, 521,529-35. 537. 542-3. 557. 562-3, 576,657-8, 662, 680, 689, 694, 698-9

see also astronomy; geometry; trigonometryMattioli, Pietro Andrea Gregorio, no, 267,

488Maufer, Petrus, 56nMaunsell, Andrew, 106-7, 659nMauro, Lucio, 198Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 95, 28on'Mazarinades', I33nMeaux, 399Mechanica (pseudo-Aristotelian), 545nMechanick Exercises (Moxon,]., 1683 ed.), iO7n,

154medical studies, medicine, 107, 174, 194,

246-7,251,253, 270, 362,400,473, 496,502, 533. 535. 537-41, 566-74 (ana-tomy), 656-7

see also Galen, Galenism; physicians; surgeonsMedici, 48, 182, 492, 526-7, 666, 68inMedici, Cosimo de, 45,77,98, 526Melanchthon, Philip, 221, 331, 338-9, 533,

543, 58211, 58711, 6isn, 6i8n, 64m,650-1,700

memory arts, use and need of, 66-9,92n, I25n,174, 189, 215-16, 2i7n, 254, 270, 277,287, 291, 296-7n, 334, 336, 456-7, 475,608-9

men of letters, see literatiMenander, 208mendicant orders, 12, oon, 380, 393, 546Mentelin, Johann (printer), 374n, 440,691Mercator, Gerardus, lion, 200, 301, 448, 514,

516,558,56011Merchants Mappe of Commerce (Roberts, L.), 3 85Merrier, Sebastian, 352Mercury, 143-4, 213Merian, Matthieu, 275nMersenne, Marin, Friar, 33311, 460-1, 551, 640,

642-511, 661, 663n, 667n, 66^-9, 68on,681

Merton, Robert K., 29n, 126, 478, 552Merton school (medieval Oxford), 97nMesmer, Mesmerists, 274, 657n, 681, 695Mesnard, Pierre, 228metallurgy, 22, 413, 545'Method for the easy comprehension of

Histories' (Bodin, J.), 102Methodism, 424Meung. Jean de, 394Michelangelo, 175-6,187-8, 238, 260Michelet, Jules, 19,22m, 300middle class, 36m, 394, 397, 557, 680

see also bourgeoisie; capitalismmidwives, 362n, 435Migeot, Gaspard, 35mMilan, Dukes of, 492Miller, Perry, 4mMilton, John, 9m, I42n, 352n, 364n, 678,

682Minerva, 143-4,250'Miracula quae tempore obsidionis Rhodi

Contingerunt', 375nmnemonic devices, see memory artsMoeller, Bernd, 365Mohammed, 335, 337, 552n, 610Mommsen, Theodor, 295-6Monas Hieroglyphica (Dee, John), 96n, 97n,

I37n, 14m, 274n, 280monastic presses, 15-16, 46, 58, 380, 398

see also scriptoria; monasticMondino dei Luzzi (medieval anatomist),

512,538,572-3Monmouth, Henry, Earl of, 669nMonolasphaerium (Fernel.J., Paris: de Colines,

1526), 567nMontaigne, Michel de, 27n, 74, 84, 230-1,

26m, 351Montano, see Arias Montano, BenitoMonte Cassino, 212,217Montmorency (16th c. Constable of France),

62n,395Montpellier, 24411,538-9Montserrat, Abbey of, 375Moody, E.f 497More, Elizabeth, 10511More, Thomas, 105,331,357Moretus, Jan, 408-9,443,647Morhardus, Ulricus (16th c. Tubingen printer),

62411Morison, Samuel Eliot, x, 554, 582-3Morley, Thomas, 244Mortimer, Ruth, 26mMoxon, Joseph, ioyn, 154,273Moyllus,Damiamis(i5thc. Parmesan printer),

8211Muller, Herbert, 466-7MuUer, Nicolas, 676nMumford, Lewis, 4m, 151Mundus Novus {New World; Vespucci), I2on

785






GENERAL INDEX

Munich, 407Munster, Sebastian, 109Muscovy, n oMusset, Alfred de, 153Musurus, Marcus, 52a, 22311Myconius, Friedrich, 3o6nMysteHunt Cosmographicum {Kepler, Tubingen,

1596), 589n, 61711, 654The Mystery of the Vowel Points Revealed

{Arcanum Punctationum Revektum;Cappel, L*, Leiden, 1624), 332n

mythography, 195—7,200mythographers, 180, 195-6,198, 200, 285

Mythologiae (Conti* NM Venice, 15 51), i$8n

Nani (Roman printer), 376nNantes, Edict of, 414,646-7Napier, Sir John, 79n, 468, 531, 532n, 534,

62411, 628Naples, 667-$, 675-6,679-8011Napoleon III, 15onNardi, Jacopo, 526Narratio Prima (Rheticus), 587, 616-17, 654nationalism, n7-18, 350-2, 358-60, 3<>3-4»

371,389,702,706Natural History {Pliny the Elder), 194, 293a,

454,469»659Naude\ Gabriel, 97n, 22m, 276, 3oon, 644navigators, see marinersNetherlands, Dutch, see United Provincesnew occupational groups, 4, 23, 28, 43, 55-^t

57. 59, 75. 167, 173, 232-8, 240-3,247-57, 261, 267, 320, 391*2, 493, 521,531-2,537-42

see also artisan-authors; engravers; reckonmasters; scholar-printers

New World, no , 120 (naming of), 364, 389(discovery of), 481-3 (mapping of),510, 5i7n (early references to)

set also Columbus; geography; atlases'The Newe Attractive . . . concerning the

declyning of the Needle' (Norman R.,London, 1581), 241

*News from the Republic of Letters' (Bayle,P.). W-8

newspapers, see journalismNewton, Isaac, xv, 78-9n, 125, I38n, 14311*

244-5, 273, 286, 290-1, 520, 555, 620,63m, 632-4,63S, 641, 644, 658, <S6i-4,673-4,6?7n, 678-9, 681, 697, 700

Niccoli, Niccolo, 210Niccolb (sculptor), 23 5Nicea, Council of, 327,609Nicholas V, Pope, 220Nicholas of Cusa (Cusanus), 5on, 210, 317,

582,617Nicholas of Lyra, 257Nicholaus (Roman printer), 2on

see also Gallus

Niclaes,H.,447nsee also Family of Love

Nkodemite sects, 141,443-5see also heterodoxy

Nightingale, Peter, 6o7nNinety-Five Theses (Luther), 306-10, 315,

367-8,614Noailles, Francois de, 67811Norman, Robert, 241,56onNorry, Miles de, 242Norton, Thomas, 36m, 545nNorwood, Richard, 66$nNotes on the New Testament (Valla, Lorenzo),

Notre Dame de Paris (Hugo, Victor), 66'Nova Reperta' (Stradarius), 20-1, loon, i88nNovara, Domenico Maria de (Copernicus'

teacher), 602novels, novel-reading, H5n, 150, 152-3, I57nNovum Organum (Bacon, Francis), 2innumerals, 96,123n, 125, 549

Indo-Arabic, 105-6, 277, 471, 499, 532, 587Roman, 193,449,531-2

Nuremberg, 179, 2O5n, 247-8, 3©7-8n, 317,376n, 403-4. 490, 541, 548n, 59on,627n, 640,685

s£j also Petreius, J.; Regiomontanus'Nuremberg Chronicle' (Liber chronicarum,

Nuremberg, 1493), 85-6,197ftNutsel, Kaspar, 3o8n

observatories, 535,558,587,625Occam, William of, 500Ochino, Bernardino, 446Oecolampadius, 446Oedipus Aegyptiacus (Kircher, A., 1652-4),

282Officina (Textor, Basel, 1503), I97n, 443Oldenburg, Henry, 664-5,666n, 667n, 69s'On Coaches' (Montaigne, 158$, tr. John

Florio, 1600), 27nOn Divine Proportion (Pacioli, L.), 548Oft The Teaching of Disciplines (Vives, 1531),

102

On Triangles, see De TriangulisOng, Walter, 9n, 67,92n, 102,172n, 275n, 430Operina (Arrighi, Ludovico degli), 82nOporinus, Johannes, Herbst (16th c. Basel

printer), 76n, 139, I98n, 276n, 419,423n, 44211, 446, 447n, 44«n, 490, 509,535,569,680,691

Oppenheim, 276noptics, 59on, <S26n% 697Optics (Witelo), 59on, 626nOracula Chaldaica, 27711Orbis sensualium pictus (Comenius, 1658), 69nThe Ordinall of Alchemy (Norton, T., 1447),

36m, 545nOresme, Nicole, 497-8, 546,594

786






GENERAL INDEX

Origen, 140Orleans, 216Orpheus, 12311,285Orphica, zjfnOrphism, 284Ortelius, Abraham, 88, 108-11, 193. 200, 227,

301, 479-8™, 483, 5 i 4 , 516, 558orthography, 87,199,544Osiander, Andreas, 327, 6so-2n, 674Otho, L. Valentine, <$24n, 634Otto of Freising, i8snOttomans, see TurksOughtred, William, 245,633n, 642Ovid, 38,210-11,260Oxford, 13, 134, 492, 495. 522, 534n, 536n,

541.623

Pace, Richard, 62n, 396Pacioli,Luca, 2O3n, 384n, 531, 547-51, 588-9nPadua, University of, 100, 482,489,494n, 496,

523, 525, 528, 53on, 535, 537n, 547n.56m, 579,641

Paine, Thomas, 14911Palissy, Bernard, 24m, 242-3, 486, 541, 546,

560, 657Pamphilus, 1511pamphlets, pamphleteers, I33n, 147-8, 174,

261, 276, 304, 326-7, 342-3. 375. 400,599. 6*1911,656,682,694

see also propagandaPandectae (Gesner, C , 1548), 97-8'Panegyrique de Bale* (Ramus, 1571), 76nPanofsky, Erwin, 176, 181, i84--6n, 187-Qn,

193-4, 200-3, 208, 213, 215, 239, 249,269-70, 293, 295, 498, 549

Pannartz, see SweynheimPantagruel (Rabelais), 73,457nPantheistkon (Toland), 14211Papacy, papal court, 177, 326n, 377, 536n, 538,

586,675see also post-Tridentine Church

paper, 47, 6in, 90, 114, 121,173,179,217-18,392,627,675

papyrus, 15,208Paracelsus, Paracelsians, 151, 272n, 274-5n,

276, 446, 473-4, 485-6. 502, 508n, 529,539,541,562,570-1,657n, 659,681, 695

parchment, 14-15,114,214,217Pardoner and the Friar (Heywood, Thomas), 376Pare", Ambrose (French barber-surgeon),

242-3,541,546,560-1Paris, first press, see Fichet, GuillaumeParker, Archbishop Matthew, 360Pascal, Blaise, 352, 537, 549, 660-2,679Passover, 6ionpatents, 119-21, 229, 240, 246, 396, 521, 556-7The Pathway to Knowledge (Recorde, R., 1551),

534nPatin, Gui,

pattern books, 53, 82,84Pattison, Mark, 73Paul II, Pope, 5on, 343Paul III, Pope, 648n, 652nPaul IV, Pope, 348Paul VI, Pope, 355nPaul of Burgos, 257nPaul of Middelburg, Bishop of Fossebrone, 613Pa via, University of, 566nPecham,John, 505-6, 546n, 551-2, 59on*pecia\ 6n, 12-14,46n, 80Peiresc, Nicholas Claude Fabri de, 642-4nPeking, 647,652Peletierdu Mans, Jacques, 543-4Pellican, Conrad, 331, 34mPeregrinatio in Terram Sanctam (Breydenbach,

i486), 85-6n, 266nPerfecte Arte of Navigation (Dee, J.), 361A Perfit Description of the Caelistiall Orbes

according to the Most Aunciente Doctrineof the Pythagoreans, lately Revived byCopernicus and by Geometrical demon-strations approved (Digges, Thomas,1576), 458, 6i8n, 659n

Pergamum, 463periodicals, see learned journalsPerseus, 215-16Perspectiva (Witelo, ed. Tanstetter and Apianus,

Nuremberg: Johannes Petreius, 1535),586n

Perspectiva Communis (Pecham), 506, 546n, 551,59on

Perspectiva Corporum Regularum (Jamnitzer,Wenzel), 589n

perspective (focused or central), invention of,186, 193, 268-9, 292, 469n, 548

Peter of Blois, 290Peter of Ravenna, 308Peter the Stranger, 498Peter the Venerable, 316Petit, Jean, 46nPetrarch, i8n, 26, 100, I23n, 167, 184-5,

189-90, 200, 2O3n, 209, 212, 217-18,22i, 251-2, 292-9, 483n, 492, 571

Petrarchan revival, see 'rinascita'Petreius, Johannes (Petri, Hano, Nuremburg

printer), 586n, 587n, 591, 626n, 650,66211

Petri, Adam (Basel printer), 99n, 307-8Petri, Heinrich (or 'Henric-Petri' or 'Henric-

petreius1 Basel printer, son of Adam),99, iO9n, 3O7n, 3o8n, 616-17

Petty, Sir William, 700Peurbach, George, 58 m, 584, 586, 61 snPeycht Spiget der Sunder, 318Pflaum, Jacob, 587nPhaedrus (Plato), 281Pharmacopeia Londinensus (Culpeper's trans-

lation), 362

787






GENERAL INDEX

Philadelphia, 381, 386Philip II of Spain, 118, 3i3n, 3i5n, 332n, 349n,

357. 390, 442n, 443-4'Philip the Fair* (Philip IV of France), 312philologists, philology, H9n, 183, 189, 194-5,

200-1, 218, 256, 284, 289, 320, 356,357n, 483-5» 561, 696-7

philosophes, 19, 147, 149, 201, 2O9n, 257n, 298,305, 323. 362, 410, 413, 423, 447. 624n,63811,64 m

see also EnlightenmentPhilosophical Transactions (Royal Society), 460,

462, 476n, 488, 559, 633, 63 8n, 666-7,68on, 694

physicians, 194, 242-3, 266, 276n, 535, 538-9,54L545.656-7

see also anatomy; Galen; medical studies;surgeons

Piazza Uniuersale Dialoghi (Torriano, 1666),

Picard, Jean (astronomer), 567n, 663nPicart, Bernard (engraver), 143-4Piccolomini, Aeneas Sylvius, Cardinal (Pope

Pius II), I9on, 220Pico della Mirandola, 278, 28511, 475Piero della Francesca, 252, 548, 550-1, 588nPilgrim's Progress (Bunyan, J.), 363Pimander, 285nPineda, Juan Pe*rez de, 415npirated editions, 108, 120, 36711, 430Pirckheimer, Willibald, I97n, 248Pirenne, Henri, H4nPisa, 103, 528Pithou, Pierre, 40011Pitiscus, Bartholomaeus, 62411Pius IV, Pope, 348plagiarism, 121-2, 321, 495, 497n, 548, 667n

see also authorship; intellectual propertyrights

Plain and Easy Introduction to Practical Music(Morley, Thomas), 244

Planck, Max, 683Planetary Theory (Peurbach), 615nPlantin, Christopher, 2on, 56n, 75, 99-ioon,

118, 13711, 139-40, 144, 22411, 27811,332, 336. 343n, 349n, 359. 383, 408-9,442n, 443, 546n, 58m. 645n

Plantin-Moretus firm, no , 408, 443 (mu-seum), 48811, 647

see also Raphelengius, FransPlatter, Thomas, 570Plattes, Gabriel, 3O5nPlato, 38n, 46 (Ficino's tr. of), 77, 199, 220,

281.285.548n, 576Platonism, neo-P]atonism, 286, 322n, 438n,

459. 466, 494, 528, 549. 551. S79-8O,589, 594-5. 602, 640, 68in, 685

Pliny the Elder, 194, 293. 454. 469. 485n, 494.657.659.686,694

Pliny the Younger, 53Plotinus, 285Plumier, Charles, 68onPlutarch, 351-2, 457n,Poetics (Aristotle), 6o4nPoggio (Bracciolini), I37n, i89n, 209-11,

22m, 228,233nPole, Reginald, Cardinal, 426Politics (Aristotle), 38n, 546Poliziano (Politian; Angelo Ambrogini), 622nPollaiuolo. 489polychrome printing, 59onpolyglot Bibles, 73. 93.179. 224, 278, 333, 340,

357, 359-6o, 367, 447. 466, 566, 609,699

Alcala (Complutensian) edition (1517-22),33i,336,34O.368n

Antwerp edition (1569-72), 332, 4O9n, 443,447. 626

Paris edition (1645), 337London edition (1657), 337,695

polyglot households, 139,447Polygraphia (Trithemius, J., 1518), 95, 96 56411polymaths, 73,113,239Pontchartrain, Paul de, 333n'poor man's' Bible, see Biblia PauperumPoor Richard's Almanack (Franklin, B.), 381,385popularization, 63, 130, 315, 361, 383-4.

546-7. 552,619,690-1see also vernacular translation movements

portraits, 85-6, I76n, 233-4, 34m, 430Postel, Guillaume, 2in, 22411, 34311, 40911,

446, 447n, 448Postillae (Nicholas of Lyra), 257npost-Tridentine Church, 67, 118, 343, 354

see also Counter-ReformationPoussin, Nicolas, 257nPrague, 640,678prayer books, 346, 349, 356, 380, 390, 417.

425.444'preaching with one's hands', 15, 316-17, 374preparatio evangelica% 369-70, 374pre-Reformation controversies, 308, 331, 692'Presence des Absens' (Renaudot), 246-7, 656npress, freedom of, 333, 355n, 412-13, 672,

682Price, Derek da Solla, 64onThe Prince (Machiavelli, N.), 101Principia (Newton), 78,138n, I43n, 462-3,633,

638,661,663-4,679printers, women, 2411,46n, 87nprinters' workshops, xv, 18, 23, 43-4, 55-6,

56n, 75-6, 85, 87, 94, 100, 109, I3on,139, i4on, 154-5, 166-7. 178-80, 222,223,248,250,269, 309, 319, 336, 341-2.356, 371.374.387. 393n, 399-400, 403H.404, 4230. 440. 443. 521. 523, 54O, 561,577,62711,650,689

see also scholar-printers

788






GENERAL INDEX

printing (as a capitalist enterprise), 22n, 30,55~8. i3S>n, 370, 375-7. 378-94, 398,404-5. 410-15, 419. 421, 44O-I. 445-6,541, 559-61, 680,689

printing centers, location and movement of,4, 36-8,44n, 58,138, uon, H5n. 166-7.178-9, 317, 398-9, 403-21, 443-5.446-8,640,645-50

printing press', invention of, xv, 20-1, 25,31-3. 36, 54-5. 8911, 95-6, " 9 , 249-50,304-5, 317. 436-7. 463, 507. 521. 561,703

see also Gutenbergprints, see engravingsprivileges (to print), 58,118,120,154, 361, 390,

415-17.432,441.446.550The Prognostication Everlasting pigges, L.),

618n, 65911prognostications, 453, 509, 619, 656, 659prohibited books, see banned bookspropaganda, 4, 23, 28, 46n, 59, 68, 132-3, 13 5.

147-8, 172, I75n, 202n, 271, 304, 312,326, 362, 402n, 416-18, 420, 424, 427,454. 477, 614, 616, 666t 677x1

Propaganda, Congregation of the (established in1626), 147, 3260 (printing office), 354,407

'Protocols of the Elders of Zion\ I5onPrutenic Tables (Prutenicae Tabulae Coelestium

Motuum\ Reinhold, E., (Tubingen:Ulricus Morhardus, 1551), 581, 596-7,6o6n, 618n, 623-4, 629, 695x1

Psalterium Graecum cum Versione Latino* (ed.John of Piacenza, 1481), 32on

Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolomaeus), 69, I7on,192-3, 214, 268n, 382, 465, 469. 470,488, 492, 495, 503, 512, 515-16, 525.527. 549, 586, 589n, 603, 605, 613, 621,624, 654, 657, 680, 686, 694-5

see also Almagest; Geographiapublicists, 59-60,12on (Vespucci), i42(Toland),

147-8, 176, 276, 316-17, 357. 362, 547,551,651,654,694

publicity, 59-60, iT9n, 120, 129, 142, 228-30,434 (witchcraze), 442-6, 553, 611,619-20, 659n, 665, 694-5

attitudes toward, 95, 156, 176 (Italians vsNortherners), 273-4, 509, 546-53.556-66, 564-5 (Leonardo vs Durer),690, 694-5

exploitation and use of by: artisan-authors(engineers, instrument-makers, reckonmasters) 241-2, 261, 383, 504-5, 530,552-4, 556-66; astronomers and anato-mists, 510, 576, 618-20, 632, 694-5;Galileo, 525, 527-8, 619; literati, 94,228-30, 394; Lutherans, 306-10, 367,377, 614; Paracelsus, 276, 474. 539 ipreachers and teachers, 384, 546-51,

694; Rosicrucians, 274-6; Royal Society,665, 694-5; see also propaganda;Pacioli;Tartaglia

inadvertent and free {see Index Librorum)pulpit oratory, 129,174,236, 308, 315-16, 365,

370, 372-4. 457n, 546-7, 553-4Puritans, 19, 332, 358, 364, 424-5. 428,

433, 522, 533n, 550, 641, 669, 680-1,685

Pynson, Richard (16th c. English printer),104-5

Pythagoras, pythagorean, 193, 203, 245, 279,284, 392, 458, 494. 510, 548, 551, 563,577. 589,618,620,652

quadrivium, i02n, 25311, 384, 43211, 532-4 esp.,537, 543-4, 56711, 589,6o2n

Quentell, Heinrich, 2o6nQuestione in Genesim (Mersenne, 1623), 669nQuestions Thhlogiques (Mersenne), 644x1

Rabelais, Francois, 2in, 72, 229n, 365, 393400-1, 405, 418, 457, 473, 541, 566n,568,676

Racine, Jean, 351Ragguagli di Parnaso (Boccalini, Venice,

I6i2-I3),669nRaimond i, Marcantonio, see MarcantonioRaleigh, Sir Walter, 273, 28m, 456n, 563Ramadan, 610,612Ranielli, Agostino, 555-6Ramsay, Andre* Michel, 282nRamus, Peter, 4m, 67 (Ramism), 76n, 102,

I4on, 275,321,542-3, 624n, 64m, 65on,651, 674

Randall, J. H., Jr, 494-6,504,642nRaphael, 175-6,231,238,255n, 564Raphelengius, Frans, 332,409,647Rastelljohn, 105,362Ratdolt, Erhard, 82n, io6n, 547n, 583, 586n,

587-8, 590Ravetz, Jerome, 605,607,6i3nreading rooms (chambres de lecture), 132, 149reckon masters, 59, 382-3, 532, 537, 542, 552,

660, 686, 689, 693, 702Recorde, Robert, 432n, 531, 533n, 534,

63 3nRedman, John (printer), 104-5Regiomontanus, Johann (J. Muller of Konigs-

berg), io6n, 2470. 464. 490, 509, 534.581-5, 589n, 590-1, 598-9n, 604, 618,62on, 621,623n, 624n

Nuremberg press of, 461, 536, 577, 586-7,626n,632,691

Reinhold, Erasmus, 583,597,6o7n, 615n, 6i8n,623, 624n, 649, 695n

Remarks upon a . . . Discourse of Free Thinking(Bentley, Richard, 1713), 338n

789






GENERAL INDEX

Renaissance, 25, 27, 37, 73, 77, 163-302 (esp.3oon), 306, 368, 377, 4io, 412-13.418-19, 456, 459, 465n-6, 471, 474-5.485,488-98,52i-2n, 592,594-5.602,683

see also classical revivals; 'rinascita'renascences, see classical revivalsRenaudot, The'ophraste, I33n, 246-7, 64311,

656,665Republic of Letters, xv, 128, 136-58 (i37n

history of term), 228-9, 397. 401. 409,413, 420, 448, 619, 62411, 638, 645, 647,653, 691

see also Commonwealth of LearningRespublica Liter aria Christiana (Grotius), I37nReuchlin, Johann, 94n, 221, 278, 3O5n, 331,

347. 367. 372n, 399n, 400, 44711, 620Reuwich (or Rewich), Erhard (illustrator),

85-6,266nRevelation, see Bible, books ofRhau-Griinenberg, see Griinenberg, JohannesRheticus, 525, 532n, 577, 58m, 582n, 583,

587n, 591. 593. 599, 607, 614, 617.62m, 623n, 62411,626n, 634,637-8,644,649-50, 65 m, 652, 654, 664, 694

Rhetorica (George of Trebizond, Venice, 1472),399n

Rhetorica (Fichet, G.), 399nRhodes, 86n, 375nRiccioli, Giovanni Battista, 62411, 629Rice, Eugene, 325Richelieu, Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis de,

I33n,i35,44i,656nRidley, Nicholas, 68Rienieri, Vincento, 630'rinascita* (Petrarchan revival), I37n, 164, 172,

174-5, 177-8, 184-5, 194-5, 217-18,29411,298,300, 306, 368

Ripa, Cesare, 662nRipoli press (convent of San Jacopo), I5n, 46robe nobility, 147,395Robertson, H. M., 381Robespierre, Maximilien Francois Marie

Isidore dc, 352Rolevinck, Werner, i5n, 316Rome (as an ecclesiastical centre), 178, 305,

348, 355, 39O, 398-9n, 405, 412, 647-8,656,671,682

Roriczer, Matthias, 65nRose,P.L.,675nRosen, Edward, 498,501,631,641Rosetta Stone, 69n, 77n, 563Rosicrucians, 68-9n, 77, 97n, 125, 140-1,

274-6, 438, 529n, 534n, 669Rostock, 62511Rotterdam, 138,401,420, 646nRousseau, Jean-Jacques, I28nRoyal College of Physicians, 528nThe Royal Society (of London for Improving

Natural Knowledge), 59n, 283, 337,

471, 476, 488, 494, 556. 559, 601, 619,625, 634, 64m, 647, 664-70, 674, 679,681,694-6

Rudolph II, of Prague, Holy Roman Emperor,474,625n, 640

Rudolphine Tables, 461, 626, 628, 631-2, 661Rutherford, Lord Ernest of Nelson, 562

Sacrobosco, Joannes de (John of Holywood),537, <524n;

Sphaera, 510-12, 517, 533-4n, 590, 615n, 692Sacy, Isaac le Maistre de, 35mSaenger, Paul, 38nSaggi (Papers of the Cimento), 666-7,674Saint-Evremond, Charles de Saint-Denis, 395nSaint-Simon, Henri, 447Salamanca, 386,408,444Salomon's House', 255n, 625nSalusbury, Thomas.. 63 m, 677nSalutati, Coluccio, 189, 2O3n, 2O5n, 251,

473Samaritan language, 337San Antonio di Castello (Venetian library),

548nSantritter, J., of Heilbronn, 587nSanuto, Marco, 547Sappho, 122Sarpi, Paolo, 412-13, 418, 644nSarton, George, 27, 55, 72n, 75, I7on, 17m,

248n, 387, 484, 486, 507-9, 564-5. 591,637,642,652n

Saumur, academy of, 278nSavonarola, Girolamo, 236 285n, 316Scaliger, Joseph Justus, 73-4, 200, 301, 61 inSchatzgeyer, Caspar, 327Schedel, Hartmann, I97nScheiner, Christopher, 53on, 56m, 624n,

Scheubel Johan, 5Scheurl, Christoph, 3o8nSchickard, Wilhelm, 642Schioppo, Cristoforo, 52nSchmuttermayer, Hans, 65nSchoefFer, John, 96nSchoefFer, Peter (Mainz printer), 31, 49, 51,

55n, 57-8, 85-6, 91, 95-6, 266, 484nscholar-printers, xv, 4. 75, 85, 87, 98-9, 101,

iO4n, 139, 174, 177, 179-80, 221-4,250-1, 277n, 279, 309, 320, 328, 331,336-7. 356, 359-<5on, 367n, 369-70,399-4OO, 40311. 443-9 esp., 509, 521,524, 542, 545, 561, 566, 569-70, 689,692

see also Amerbach; Estienne; Oporinus;

Scholamm Mathematicarum (Ramus), 62411scholasticism, schoolmen, 212-14, 257, 294,

314-15, 457n, 459, 466, 472-3, 548,595.6O2

790






GENERAL INDEX

scholastic natural philosophy, 495-9, 503-6,522-4

see also Aristotelian philosophySchonberg, Cardinal Nicholas, 65211Schoner, Johannes (mathematician) 247n, 587nschooling, 151, 395-8 ('educational revolu-

tion*), 430-3Schriftstellerlexicont 94nSchwenckfelt, Kaspar, 446science, scientist (definitions of), 107, 640, 642nscientific instruments, 480, 504, 519, 554, 56m,

583* 587. 597-8, 625, 627, 659, 661see also instrument makers; inventions

Scoriggio, Lazaro, 675Scott, Michael, 537Scott, Sir Walter, 155scribes and copyists, xiii, xiv, 6n, 11-16, 33,

45-7. 55. 59. 62, 70, 216, 25m, 3i2n,334n. 379-80, 540

scriptoria, 11-16, 38, 59, 70, 216, 251, 3i2n,317,346,379-80,391,515

secrecy, 270-80, 383,434, 510, 551, 554, 562-4,620-1, 658, 690

see also ciphers, clandestine presses; publicityattitudes toward

Secret (Petrarch), 230secret societies, see conspiracies; Rosicrucianssecularism, secularization, 73, 79, 131, 133,

326n, 370-4, 379, 398, 417-18, 441-3self-help, 87, 243-7, 273, 318, 366, 385, 425,

448n, 525, 535, 537, 546, 554, 602see also autodidacts

Seneca, 210,401-2Sentences (Lombard, Peter), 3i4n, 339, 365Septuagint, see Bible, Greek and Hebrew

versionsserial publications, 462,587,619

see also Dioscorides; ephemeridesSermo de Presentacione Beate Virginis Marie

(Rolevinck.W., Cologne, 1470), 15114Sermon of the Fifty' (Voltaire), 324nsermons, 73, 11911. 129, 236, 297n, 318, 346,

365, 372-3. 546, 553Servetus, Michael, 419, 421, 446, 535, 566Severino, Marco Aurelio, 667-8,68onSextus Empiricus, 23 inSeznec, Jean, 195-200,214,285Shakespeare, William, I9n, 236, 364Shirley, John, I3nShelton, Thomas, 283Shumaker, Wayne, 285-6,290Siberch's press at Cambridge, 399nSic et Non (Abelard), 284Sidereus Nuncius (Galileo), 530, 54<5n, 652'Sides and Angles of Triangles*,

see De Lateribus . . .Sidney, Algernon, 14211Sidney, Sir Philip, 140,259-60'silent instructors', 24411, 246, 538-9, 698

Simler Josias, (16th c. bibliographer), 107Simocatta, Theophilactus (7th c. Byzantine

writer), 579-80Simon, Richard (French Catholic Bible

scholar), 332-3, 418, 420Simone, Franco, 294nSimonides, 256Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard de, I28nSixtusIV,Pope,376Sixtus V, Pope, 261Sleidan, Johann, 305slide rules, 29n, 520,661,697

see also scientific instrumentsSmith, Adam, 393Smith, Sir Thomas, 618nSnell, Willebrord, 663nSociety of the History of Technology, 2onSocinians, 327,333,418-19Socrates, 122,237'Sodalitas Staupitziana*, 3O7n-8n,sola scripturat 327, 365Sombait, Werner, 381Soncino press, 367nSophocles, 180,237Sorbonne, Sorbonnistes, I45n, 207, 250n, 328,

340, 348n, 356, 399-401, 407. 4 " .442n,522, 540-2

Southwell, Robert, 665nSozzini, Lelio, 446Speculum (Vincent of Beauvais), 513-14Sphaera, see SacroboscoSpinoza, Benedict de, 700Sprat, Thomas (Bishop), 274, 283, 337, 562,

601,668-70,674.696Stadius, 596-7Stael, Mme de, I28nThe Starry Messenger (Galileo), see Sidereus

Nunciusstationers, 12-13, 16, 23, 47, 55, 58, 514, 540

see also cartolaiStationers' Company (England) 106Statutes of Virginia (Hening), 116steam press, 31, 6in, 130, 156, 423, 704Stecchini, L. C , 283nSteganographia (Trithemius, J., 1606), 96-711,

Steinberg, S. H., 5, 7, 5*n, 117. 407Stephanus, Joannes (Stephan, Jan, of Calcar),

267, 55mStereometria (Kepler), 627nStevin, Simon, 241, 468, 500, 529, 531, 535.

546n,555Stoffler, Johann, 587nStone, Lawrence, 61 n, 330, 334Stopius, Nicholas, 569nStraet, Jan van der ('Stradano', 'Stradanus'),

20, i88n, I97nStrasbourg, I3n, 98n, 14m, 179, 350, 370-4,

398n, 440, 6o8n, 645-6

791






GENERAL INDEX

Strayer, Joseph, 46nstrikes, 22,392Strozzi, Gerolamo (Florentine merchant), 38nStrozzi, Piero (Florentine notary and scribe),

I3nStruik, Dirk, 530,534Stubbe, Henry (17th c. English physician and

pamphleteer), 668Stuber, Wolfgang, 34mSubiaco, 204,398subscription lists, 64, 132, 367n, 677nSumma Theologica (Aquinas), 286, 31411, 5*3Summa de arithmetica, geometria et proportionate

(Pacioli, Venice: Paganini, 1494). 547-8.550-1, s89n

Supplementum Chronicarum (Foresti, J. F.,Venice, 1483), 66n

surgeons, surgery, 251-3, 270, 539, 541, 560-1surreptitious printing, see clandestine book

tradesurveyors, 545, 548, 551, 557,686The Survival of the Pagan Gods (Seznec), 195Sweynheim (cleric, helped set up first press in

Italy, with Pannartz), I9n, 37n, son,204. 398

Sybilline prophecies, 78,277n, 324Syllabus of Errors (1864), 183,355Sylvius, Willem (Antwerp printer), 96, 99,

I37n, 276nSyriac language, 77,337,448

Tabulae Directionum (Tables of Directions]Regiomontanus, Augsburg: Ratdolt,1490), 583n, 58711, 59m

Tabulae Medicae (Rienieri, 1639), 630Tabulae Rudotphittde, see Rudolphine TablesTachygraphy (Shelton, T., 1641), 283Tacitus, 127, 201, 210, 211 (Tacitus-Apuleius

codex), 39411Talmud, I5n, 340,341,448Tanstetter, Georg, 582n, 586nTartaglia, Niccolo, 23, 497n, 525, 537, 546-7,

550, 552, 56onTasso, Torquato, 424nTaylor, E.G R., 530Taylor, H. O., 73telescope, 119, 525, 553, 583, 625, 652-3, 685Tetzel, Johann, 377textbooks, textbook-writing, 102-3, 383-5

(business arithmetic), 474, 530, 534-5,543-52

see also quadrivium; triviumtextiles, 21,30,173,413Textor, J., i97n'textus receptus', H3n, 331, 338, 58m

see also Bible, VulgateThanner, Jacob (or 'Herbipolensis*, 16th c.

Leipzig printer), 3O7nTheatre of Machines (Besson, Jacques), 556

Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Ortelius* atlas), 88,109-10,193. 227, 517

Theodore of Freiburg, 498Theophilus (the priest), 556Theophrastus, 484-5Theoria et Practica (Fanti, S., Venice, 1514)* 82nTheorica Planetarum (Campanus of Novara),

51211"Theoricae Novae' (Peurbach), 59onTheoricas Mediceorum Planetarum (Borelli, G.),

674Therhoernen, Arnold (15th c. printer), I5nThesaurus Theutonicae Linguae (Plantin, C ,

1573), 99Thirty YearsWar, 626,637, 639, 643, 649, 661Thomas a Kempis, 391,401Thomas, Dylan, 130Thomas, Keith, 246,436-7Thomas, Marcel, 35Thomist revival, 314-15Thorndike, Lynn, Jr, 483, 492, 500-1, 529-30,

58211, 58411,621Thoth (Egyptian God), see Hermes Trisme-

gistus'Tipografia della Congregazione de Propa-

ganda Fide*, see PropagandaTitian, 175,239n, 267,489,569title pages, 52, 59, 82, 106, 168, 234, 242, 411,

513, 579. 587Titus Vespasianus, 28onToland, John, 142-3topography, no , 186,483Torquemada, Juan de, Cardinal, 398Torriano, Giovanni, 417nTortelli, Giovanni (15th c. papal librarian),

20nt 2inTory, Geoffroy, 2O3n, 541, 548Toscanelli, Paolo, 584,586Tournes, Jean I de, 544Tournes, Jean II de, 411, 544transportation, 29,46cm, 462Travels (Marco Polo), 483nThe Travels of Cyrus (Ramsay, A. M.), 282nTraversari, Ambrosio. 23 3nTreasure of Knowledge (Recorde, R.), 534nTrechsel printing firm in Lyons, 566nTrent, Council of, 3, 145, 314, 329, 331, 333,

344-^n, 348, 350, 353. 355. 415. 421see also Counter-Reformation

Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 409, 418, 420, 433-6,438-9,448

trigonometry, 583,587,597,623n, 661trilingual studies, 321, 331, 333, 340, 353, 356,

359-60, 370, 524, 606, 626n, 692-3,700

Trithemius, Johannes, abbot of Sponheim,14-15,5on, 94-9,137n, 2oon, 276,380, 447n, 5<54n

trivium, 10211,43211,6o2n

792






GENERAL INDEX

The True Order and Methode of Wryting andReading Hystories (Blundevill, Thomas,London, 1574). iO3n

Tubingen, university of, 54on, 587n, 629, 643,649n, 65on, 654-5

Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop, 548, 551Turks, 'Turkish threat', 132, 178, 303-4, 317.

375n,594Turretini, Francis, 42onTwain, Mark, 155, 583nTyndale, William, 356-8type faces, fonts, forms, 58, 77, 82-3, 201-7,

224, 279, 407, 430, 448, 49O, 548-9Typographical Antiquities (Dibdin, T.), 378n

Ulfilas, 334nUlm, 85,627underground book trade, see clandestine

presses; conspiraciesUnited Provinces, 145, 333, 409, 418, 420,

446,637,642,645-7,655'Uraniborg' (Tycho's island), 625-6, 640Urban IV, Pope, 547n'Utopia' (as colophon), 138-9

'Vadianus', see Watt, Joachim vonValetta, Joseph, 667nValla, Giorgio (of Piacenza, 1447-1500), 577n,

595-6, 62onValla, Lorenzo, 52n, I37n, I38n, 189, 191,

194-5,20m, 2O5n, 256, 301, 320, 323nValturi, Roberto, 555, 565nVan Helmont, 643Vansina, Jan, xiiiVarenius, Bernhardus, 663nVasari, Georgio, 20, ii2n, 176, 188, 232-3,

253, 267n, 542, 548n, 566nVasco da Gama, 463Vascosan, Michel de, 403, 544Vatican II, 355Vautrollier,Thomas (Elizabethan printer), 4i7nVedel, Anders Sorensen (Tycho Brahe's

tutor), 623vellum, 15,114,334nVenice (as a printing center), 2on, 23, 38n, 5on,

57, io6n, I2on, 139-40^ 176, 221-4,240, 250, 302, 34m, 348, 376n, 393,398-4Oon, 402, 409-13, 447**, 547,569-70, 671, 675, 682

Vergerius, Petrus Paulus, 662nVergil, Polydore, 2in, 23 3nvernacular translation movements, 23, 63,123,

127-8,177, i85n, 242, 283, 312, 342-4,346-7, 353, 355-6, 389, 4O3n, 405-6,5^5-7, 53O-I, 539, 544-51, 653n,656-8, 6s6n, 690, 693

see also Bible-readingVe"ron, Francois (1575-1625), 326nVerrocchio, Andrea del, 548

Vervliet,H.,i8oA very profitable treatise . . . declarynge what

great profit might come . . . if there werea regester made 0 fall reliques (Calvin), 377n

Vesalius, Andreas, i89n, 191, 239n, 249n, 267,269,273, 446,470,486-7,489-90, 5O2n,503, 523, 525, 528n, 534n, 535, 562, 565,566n, 567-78,616,687,697

see also De FabricaVespasiano da Bisticci (15th c. Florentine

bookdealer), I3n, 45, 48-9, 57, 100,178, 300n

Vespucci, Amerigo, i2onVictorines, see Hugh of Saint VictorVienne, Church Council at (1311), 340Viete (Vieta), Francois, 532, 537, 624nVikings, 210,482Villani, Filippo, 23 2nVincent of Beauvais, 514, 552Virgil, 190,210-11,259-60visual aids, 53, 70, 86n, 252-3, 258, 261-9, 458,

468-71, 485-7, 489, 555, 588-90, 698see also illustration; images

'Vite de' Matematici' (Baldi, B.), 624n, 675nVitruvius, 69, 83, 207, 211, 237, 242-3, 249n,

469, 549, 555, 57iVittorino da Feltre, 537nVives, Juan Luis, 102, i75n, 473-4Viviani, Vicenzo, 665nVoetian party, 65 5nVogelinus.Johann, 598Voltaire, 136, I43n, 2O9n, 324n, 404, 419-20,

624n, 63 3n, 682Vossius, Gerard, 28 mvowel points, see Hebrew vowel pointsvoyages of discovery, 74, 480, 516, 592n,

594-5,600Vulgate, see Bible

Waldensians, 303,311,328 (Vauldois), 3 34n ,692Waldseemiiller, Martin, I2on, 447nWales, n oWalker, D. P., 97nWaller, Richard, 666nWalter of Henley, 556Walton, Brian, 695nWarburton, William, Bishop, 282Ward, Seth, 55on, 63 mWartburg, 368nWatt, James, 262nWatt, Joachim von ('Vadianus*), I37n, I38nWeaver, Robert, 428nWeber, Max, 378-403, 4H, 427, 445,459,641.

661, 681Webster, John, 55onWechel

Andreas (Chretien's son), I4onChretien (Paris printer), i40nfirm, 139-40, 275n, 276n, 448n, 474

793






GENERAL INDEX

Wechel, Johann (Frankfurt printer), i40nWeiditz, Hans, 48ynWeiss, Roberto, 225Wense, Wilhelm, 668nA Wetkefor Householders (1530), 425Werner, Johann (16th c. astronomer), 247nWesley, John, 439Whewell, William, 494-5,64onWhitehead, A. N., 462, 466, 472, 475. 493.

636-8Whitman, Walt, 493Wiegand, Willy, 53nWiligelmo (sculptor) ,235Wilkesjohn, X33nWilkins, John, 555,564nWilley, Basil, 471William of Moerbeke, 497William of Orange, 96nWilloughby (Willughby) Francis, 634, 664Wimpfeling, 94n, 371,373nWindesheim congregation, 346, 380Wing, Vincent, 63 m, 632, 677nWingate, Edmund, 532witches, witchcraze, I5on, 324, 433-9, 521,

6i9,669n,68isee also magic; demonology

Witelo, 586, 59On, 626nWittelsbach, 407Wittenberg, 179, 206, 307-9, 323, 338, 367,

405, 410, 412, 535 54on, 543n, 576n,624n, 641, 650, 653, 682, 685, 688, 700

'Wittenberg Heiligtumsbuch', 376nWittkower, Rudolph, I75nWitzel, Georg (Catholic polemicist), 354Wolfe, John (16th c. English printer), 416-17

Wolsey, Thomas, Cardinal, 396, 399nwoodblocks, 52-3, 53n, 54, 82, 85n, 98, I33n,

233~4» 255. 257n, 259, 261-2, 263(comparison with drawing), 264-6,302, 376, 394, 468, 485-6, 514. 560, 569,576n, 588n, 59on

Wordsworth, William, 493writing masters, o6n, 203n, 20411,430Wiirzburg, 95Wycliffe, John, 3O5n, 310, 345nWydimtes, 303

see also heresiesWythe, George, 115

Xenophon,429Ximenes (Jimenes de Cisneros)

Cardinal, 331, 340,447nxylography, see woodblocks

Francisco,

Yates, Frances, 23, 66, 68, 97n, I42n, 279, 286,36m, 438,627,641

Zainer, Gunther (Augsburg printer), 72nZamberti, 588nZanobi di Mariano, 49Zell, Matthaus, 370,372-3Zeller, Otto, uonZilsel, Edgar, 112, 249, 558-61Ziman, John, 478Zinner, Ernst, 584nZoroaster, 123,126,28m, 285Zurich,96n, 99, 353,405,442Zwingli, Ulrich, 99, 309,405,450Zwolle, i6n

794






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