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The Prison Industrial Complex
Outline: Prison-Industrial Complex
What is the Prison-Industrial Complex?Impact of the War on Drugs and Mandatory MinimumsEx-prisoner, Barry Joe, Re-entry to SocietyCorrections as an Arena for Profitable Enterprise: Private Prisons and Private ConstructionReforming the Prison Industrial Complex
What is the Prison Industrial Complex?
A profitable, tough on crime justice system with problems concerning:
• Racism
• Sexism
• Classism
Prison-Industrial Prison-Industrial Complex:Complex:
Main Features/Players Main Features/PlayersMain featuresMain featuresSimilarities with military industrial Similarities with military industrial complexcomplex
-political,social, and economic gains-political,social, and economic gains
-Mixture of public and private spheres-Mixture of public and private spheres
Main players: Main players: privatized prisons/correctional privatized prisons/correctional institutionsinstitutions
corporations contracting prison corporations contracting prison laborlabor
construction companies construction companies conservative politicsconservative politics
The War on Drugs and The War on Drugs and Mandatory MinimumsMandatory Minimums
SUB TOPIC #1SUB TOPIC #1LUKE WALSHLUKE WALSH
RYAN MARTINSONRYAN MARTINSONDEVIN GILBERTDEVIN GILBERT
San QuentinSan QuentinMaximum securityMaximum security
penitentiarypenitentiary
The War on DrugsThe War on Drugs
Officially declared in the early Officially declared in the early 1980’s1980’s
Contributions to prison expansionContributions to prison expansion
National Drug policiesNational Drug policiesA shift in priorities: stronger focus on A shift in priorities: stronger focus on
punitive objectivespunitive objectives
The War On DrugsThe War On Drugs
Augmentation of drug Augmentation of drug arrests 1980-2007 arrests 1980-2007
Disproportionate Disproportionate representation of representation of African AmericansAfrican Americans
Skyrocketing levels of Skyrocketing levels of incarcerationincarceration
OverpopulationOverpopulation
Federal Asset ForfeitureFederal Asset Forfeiture
Seizure of assets, without due Seizure of assets, without due processprocess
Increased funding for the “drug Increased funding for the “drug scare” scare”
Increased drug related crimesIncreased drug related crimes
Anti Drug Abuse Acts Of 1986 Anti Drug Abuse Acts Of 1986 And 1988And 1988
Created severe mandatory minimum Created severe mandatory minimum sentencing laws for drug offensessentencing laws for drug offenses--possession of 5 grams or more of crack possession of 5 grams or more of crack cocaine carries a minimum of 5 years in prisoncocaine carries a minimum of 5 years in prison
• Effects on federal sentencing Effects on federal sentencing guidelinesguidelines
• Attacking the root cause, or the Attacking the root cause, or the symptom?symptom?
--Low level arrests versus high level in dealer Low level arrests versus high level in dealer hierarchyhierarchy
From Prison to Society: From Prison to Society: Barry Joe’s BarriersBarry Joe’s Barriers
Barry Joe’s Barriers: even though a Barry Joe’s Barriers: even though a non-violentnon-violent
ex-offender, he has difficulty finding ex-offender, he has difficulty finding employment,housing, and employment,housing, and adequate health care.adequate health care.Barry Joe [interview] [interview]The profitable prison-industry in The profitable prison-industry in conjunction with the War on Drugs, conjunction with the War on Drugs, mandatory minimum mandatory minimum sentencing makes reformation a sentencing makes reformation a difficulty task.difficulty task.
Disparate ImpactsDisparate Impacts
Seth Olson Seth Olson
Lucy MooreLucy Moore
White vs Non-White: White vs Non-White: HousingHousing
Urban centers vs SuburbsUrban centers vs Suburbs
Government policies/FHA redliningGovernment policies/FHA redlining
Urban “renewal” Urban “renewal”
Real estate practices/Restrictive Real estate practices/Restrictive covenantscovenants
““Visible/Non-Visible CrimeVisible/Non-Visible Crime
White v. Non-White: White v. Non-White: PunishmentPunishment
1973: Rockefeller imposes harsher 1973: Rockefeller imposes harsher drug sentencesdrug sentences
1981: Reagan’s “War on Drugs” and 1981: Reagan’s “War on Drugs” and Military police styleMilitary police style
1994: Wilson’s “3 Strikes” Law1994: Wilson’s “3 Strikes” Law
1990’s: Clinton passes: Crime bill; 1990’s: Clinton passes: Crime bill; Welfare Reform; Higher Ed ReformWelfare Reform; Higher Ed Reform
White vs Non-WhiteWhite vs Non-White
5 grams crack or 500 grams 5 grams crack or 500 grams cocaine=same sentencecocaine=same sentence
Disparate Incarceration Rates, Disparate Incarceration Rates, by Raceby Race
www.prisonpolicy.org/graphs/raceinc.html
Women and ChildrenWomen and Children50% imprisoned women HIV 50% imprisoned women HIV
positive and addicted to drugspositive and addicted to drugs
1 in 109 women incarcerated, 1 in 1 in 109 women incarcerated, 1 in 50 disenfranchised due to 50 disenfranchised due to convictionconviction
53,000 foster care children with 53,000 foster care children with incarcerated motherincarcerated mother
1 in 5 children witness mother’s 1 in 5 children witness mother’s arrestarrest
Effects on Poorly EducatedEffects on Poorly Educated
Employment rate: black HS dropouts: Employment rate: black HS dropouts: 1980: 66% 1999: 50%1980: 66% 1999: 50%
Including Prisoners: 1980: 55% 1999: 30%Including Prisoners: 1980: 55% 1999: 30%
Decreased earning potential as they ageDecreased earning potential as they age
1999: white dropouts 1.5X more employed 1999: white dropouts 1.5X more employed than black dropoutsthan black dropouts
Including Prisoners: whites 2.5X more Including Prisoners: whites 2.5X more employed than blacksemployed than blacks
Sentencing And IncarcerationSentencing And Incarceration
Many drug Many drug offenders are offenders are disproportionately disproportionately incarcerated incarcerated based on certain based on certain categoriescategories
Nearly 500,000 Nearly 500,000 inmates are inmates are currently currently incarcerated for incarcerated for possession and or possession and or sale of drugssale of drugs
StatisticsStatistics
Percentage of prisoners suffering Percentage of prisoners suffering from substance abuse:from substance abuse:53 % of state and federal prisons53 % of state and federal prisons
Percentage of those prisoners Percentage of those prisoners receiving treatment while receiving treatment while incarcerated:incarcerated:State 40.3%State 40.3%Federal 48.6%Federal 48.6%
Corrections as a profitable Corrections as a profitable enterpriseenterprise
Private prisons and private construction
Prisons and the effect on Prisons and the effect on local economieslocal economies
21% of residents live in poverty
Taxation issues
Contributor to local economies/services?
Use of prison labor versus local labor
Measure 11Measure 11
• Mandatory minimum sentencing for 21 criminal offenses
• Increases in operating costs
• Diminished cost-benefit ratio
• Financial impact on Oregon taxpayers
• Spending increases on corrections• New prisons being built• Growing market for private business• Prison population growth tied to
lucrative business• State Department of Corrections
budget is growing
Business of Business of Corrections/Growing Corrections/Growing prison populationsprison populations
Reforming the Prison-Industrial Complex
Jessica Marks, Rebbeccah Robinson
Government Budgeting
Prison treatment programs
Shift fiscal responsibilities from state to local government
Community service programs
Treatment of non-violent offenders
Drug & alcohol treatment
Mental health treatment and job skills training
Individual Based Sentencing
Reform parole practice
Earned time & sentence reduction
Eliminate mandatory minimums
Deprivatize the Prison System
Give back authority to government
Hold organizations liable for actions
Public Safety and Justice Campaign
Preventing Crime
Provide equal social opportunity
One-Stop Rehabilitation Centers
Expand Alternative Incarceration Program
Community Reentry Program