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The Problem Solving The Problem Solving MethodMethod
The Problem Solving The Problem Solving MethodMethod
Newcomb, Warmbrod, & McCrackenNewcomb, Warmbrod, & McCracken
(Brian Parr)(Brian Parr)
Objectives• 1. List and explain the steps in the
learning process.• 2. List and Explain the steps in the
problem-solving approach to teaching.• 3. Compare and contrast the learning
process and the problem-solving approach.
• 4. Explain what can be accomplished through using this method.
The Learning Process- Dewey
• 1. Experiencing a provocative situation.
• 2. Defining the problem.• 3. Seeking data and information.• 4. Formulating possible solutions.• 5. Testing proposed solutions.• 6. Evaluating the results.
Problem-solving Approach to Teaching
• 1. Interest Approach• 2. Group objectives• 3. Questions to be answered• 4. Problem solution• 5. Testing solutions through
application• 6. Evaluation of solutions
Learning Process Compared to Problem-
solving ApproachLearning Process
1. Experience a provocative solution
2. Define the problem3. Seeking data 4. Formulating
possible solutions5. Testing proposed
solutions6. Evaluating results
Problem-solving1. Interest Approach2. Group Objectives3. Questions to be
answered4. Problem solution5. Testing solutions
through application6. Evaluation of
solution
Interest Approach• Same as first step of learning process-
experiencing a provocative situation• Students must be motivated to learn• Motivation is strongest when the
students perceive that learning can be useful
• In this step, the teacher seeks to gain the attention of the student.
Interest Approach Cont.• Must create a felt need• Must cause students to realize
that they do not know enough about the subject to be successful in their field of study
• Should set the stage for the establishment of group objectives
Interest Approach Techniques
• Raising perplexing questions• Showing specimens or samples (dead
animal, broken part)• Presenting a short case study• Giving a skillful demonstration• Showing pictures of success and failure• Conducting a provocative role play
Group Objectives• Partially accomplishes the “defining the
problem” phase of the learning process• Students are motivated through their
involvement in setting goals and planning learning activities
• The teacher’s goal is to lead students to see that the subject is worth studying and admit that they need to study it
Group Objectives Cont.• The teacher asks lead questions to
help the students identify goals that they hope to achieve during the lesson
• Through these questions and the subsequent discussion the class will develop a list of objectives.
Questions to be Answered
• This step completes the “defining the problem” step of the learning process
• When subject matter to be learned possesses meaning, organization, and structure that is clear to the student, learning proceeds more rapidly and is retained longer.
• Students are motivated when task is possible but not certain
Questions to be Answered Cont.
• Teacher leads students to develop questions whose solutions will help them meet their objectives.
• Teacher leads discussion to develop list of questions
Problem Solution• Accomplishes steps 3 and 4 of the learning
process- seeking data and formulating possible solutions
• Learning is active rather than passive• Students learn what they practice• Teacher seeks to assist the class in obtaining,
studying, and evaluating facts, concepts, and skills necessary to answer the questions, solve the problems, and develop the conclusions to master the unit of instruction.
Problem Solution Techniques
• Lecture • Discussion• Demonstration• Field Trips• Role Play• Resource People• Supervised Study
• Independent Study
• Experiments
Testing Solutions Through Application
• Completes the “testing proposed solutions” step of the learning process
• Supervised practice is very effective• Learning is most likely to be used if it is
learned in a situation similar to what it will be used in
• Have students test the theories that they develop during classroom study
Evaluating Solutions• Same as final step of learning process-
“evaluating results”• When students have knowledge of their
learning progress, performance will be superior
• Allows teacher to determine how well students have learned as well as how well the teacher has taught
Learning Process Compared to Problem-
solving ApproachLearning Process
1. Experience a provocative solution
2. Define the problem3. Seeking data 4. Formulating
possible solutions5. Testing proposed
solutions6. Evaluating results
Problem-solving1. Interest Approach2. Group Objectives3. Questions to be
answered4. Problem solution5. Testing solutions
through application6. Evaluation of
solution