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The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long- established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts to save a variety of endangered species by Robert K. Wayne and John L. Gittleman SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN July 1995

The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

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Page 1: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

The Problematic Red Wolf

Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts to save a variety of endangered species

by Robert K. Wayne and John L. GittlemanSCIENTIFIC AMERICAN July 1995

Page 2: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 3: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 4: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 5: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 6: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 7: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 8: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

A Ring Species: The Ensatina Complex

Page 9: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 10: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 11: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 12: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

Domesticated Horse (Equus caballus) has 64 pairs of chromosomes

Domesticated Ass (Equus asinus) has 62 pairs of chromosomes

Page 13: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

Male Ass x Female Horse = Mule

Male Horse x Female Ass = Hinney

Page 14: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

Hybridization in the Salvias

Page 15: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

Salvia apiana – White Sage

Page 16: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 17: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

Salvia mellifera – Black Sage

Page 18: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 19: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 20: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 21: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

Polyploidy

Page 22: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 23: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

Iris hexagona Iris fulva

Page 24: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

A Domesticated Banana - The CavendishA triploid derivative of Musa acuminata

Page 25: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

A Wild Banana (Musa balbisiana)

Page 26: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 27: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

The Cavendish Banana was first introduced to England from the Canary Islands but was originally from China or Viet Nam. It was cultivated in hot houses on Lord Cavendish’s estate and from there developed as the commercial crop.

Page 28: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

Polyploidy

Page 29: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts
Page 30: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

A Wild Banana (Musa balbisiana)

Page 31: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

A Domesticated Banana - The CavendishA triploid derivative of Musa acuminata

Page 32: The Problematic Red Wolf Is the red wolf a species or a long-established hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote? Such distinctions may affect ongoing efforts

The Cavendish Banana was first introduced to England from the Canary Islands but was originally from China or Viet Nam. It was cultivated in hot houses on Lord Cavendish’s estate and from there developed as the commercial crop.


Three Sentence Summary Summary of “Little Red Riding Hood”: Red is naïve and gullible. Red meets Wolf. Red is cautious and mature

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