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Serving the fruit and vegetable growers of Eastern New York
The Produce Pages
Pesticide Options for Pests of Potato in New York BRIAN NAULT AND DAN OLMSTEAD, DEPT. OF ENTOMOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY
Themanypesticideoptionsavailableformanagingpotatopestswillmakeyourheadspin!ThereareproductsthatwillcontrolColoradopotatobeetle,aphids,lea hoppers, leabeetles,cutworms,Europeancornborer,wireworms,symphylans,spidermitesandslugs.Ofcourse,thereisnosingleproductthatwillcontrolallofthesepests.Therefore,itisimportanttoknowwhatpestsyouanticipateneedingtomanagebeforeplantingaswellasthosethatinfestyour ieldsduringtheseason.Toassistyouindeterminingwhatproductorproductsmightbestmanagethecomplexofpestsinyourpotato ields,alistofoverthreedozenproductslabeledonpotatoinNewYorkhavebeensummarizedintheaccompanyingchart.
continued on page 3
April 2016
P A G E 2 M A R C H 2 0 1 5
Contents
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
The Produce Pages Editor: Maire Ullrich, Vegetables Phone: 845‐344‐1234 Email: [email protected] Regular contributors: Vegetables Chuck Bornt Phone: 518‐859‐6213 Email: [email protected]
Amy Ivy Phone: 518‐561‐7450 Email: [email protected]
Teresa Rusinek Phone: 845‐691‐7117 Email: [email protected]
Crystal Stewart Phone: 518‐775‐0018 Email: [email protected]
Fruit Laura McDermott Phone: 518‐791‐5038 Email: [email protected] James O’Connell Phone: 845‐691‐7117 Email: [email protected]
Dan Donahue Phone: 845‐691‐7117 Email: [email protected]
Anna Wallis Phone: 518‐410‐6823 Email: [email protected]
Business and Marketing Jesse Strzok Phone: 518‐429‐1464 Email: [email protected]
Bob Weybright Phone: 518‐727‐6238 Email: [email protected]
Food Safety & Packaging Erik Kocho‐Schellenberg Phone: 845‐3441234 Email: [email protected] The Produce Pages is a monthly publication of the Eastern New York Commercial Horticulture Program. For more information about the program, please visit our website at http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/.
Serving the Educational and Research Needs of the Commercial Small Fruit, Vegetable and Tree Fruit Industries in Albany, Clinton, Columbia, Dutchess, Essex, Fulton, Greene, Montgomery, Orange, Putnam, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, Schenectady, Ulster, Warren and
Washington Counties
General Updates Compost: Check it Before you Spread it .................... 4 Weather Station Maintenance ................................... 6 Don’t Forget WPS ....................................................... 12 Seed Testing ............................................................... 14 New York Labor Wages and Substitutions ............... 16 Changes in COOL ........................................................ 17 Vegetable Production Pesticide Options for Pests of Potato in New York .... 1 2015 Pumpkin Trial Results .......................................... 7 Resources for Wildlife Control Info. .......................... 12 Onion Herbicide Update ............................................ 18
Berry & Grape Production Attention for Weevil Research .................................... 5
Various Events Featured Mushroom Cultivation ................................................ 17 Clean Sweep ............................................................... 15 General Calendar ......................................................... 15 Grape Grower Pot‐Luck ............................................... 15
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
P A G E 3 M A R C H 2 0 1 5
continued on next page
P A G E 4 A P R I L 2 0 1 5
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Informationinthischartisorganizedintotwomajorgroups:pesticidesregisteredinNYSforuseatplantingandthoseasfoliartreatments.Withineachofthesesections,thepesticideactiveingredientislisted,followedbythetradename(s),rates,InsecticideResistanceActionCommittee(IRAC)modeofactiongroupnumber,thetypeofapplication,whetheritcanbeusedonLongIsland,ifitissafeforbees,andwhetheritisOMRIapproved.Thisinformationisfollowedbythepestslistedontheproductlabel.Ifthere’sa“Y”inthewhiteboxesitsigni ies“YES”thattheproductmaybeappliedinacertainmannerinNewYorkState,itcanbeusedonLongIsland,itistoxictobees,itisOMRIapproved,anditislabeledforacertainpest. Thischartdoesnotprovideinformationonwhichproductsaremosteffectiveformanagingcertainpestsorpestcomplexes.Additionally,thischartdoesnotprovideinformationonwhichproductsmaynolongerbeeffectiveduetoinsecticideresistance.Forexample,thereareneonicotinoidandpyrethroidinsecticideslabeledforColoradopotatobeetlecontrol,buttheseclassesofinsecticidesmaynotworkoncertainfarmsduetoinsecticideresistance.Thereareotherresourcesavailabletohelpyoudeterminewhichinsecticidesshouldbeusedandthemannerinwhichtousethemtoavoidinsecticideresistance(http://nault.entomology.cornell.edu/extension/colorado‐potato‐beetle‐in‐potatoes/‐clickon[PDF]),andCornellCooperativeExtension’s2016CornellIntegratedCropandPestManagementGuidelinesforCommercialVegetableProduction.
Compost: Check it Before you Spread it! TERESA RUSINEK
Growerswithtunnelsforseasonextensionoftenusecompostasasoilamendment.Mostofthetimeaddingcompostisdesirablebecauseofthebene itsofaddingnutrients,organicmatter,waterholdingcapacity,etc.However,therearesomepotentialproblemstobeawareof.
CompostpHI’veseenseveralcasesinhightunnelswherecompostwithahighpH,around8.0,wasincorporated.Severalweekslater,theresultingpHofthesoilwiththecompostwasanywherebetween7.2and7.6dependingonhowmuchcompostwasaddedtotheareasampled.ThehigherthepHofthesoil,theworsetheplantslooked.ThehighpHledtoseriousnutrientimbalancesintheplantsandaverypoorcrop.OncethepHproblemwasdiscovered,thegrowerbeganinjectingsulfuricacidthroughthedripirrigationbutthepHwasslowtochangeandtheplantsdidnotrecover.
CompostNutrientContributionsDonotassumecompostwillsupplyasigni icantamountorallthenutrientsyourcropneeds.I’veseensomehungry,hungryplantsthatneeded
continued on next page
Visit the ENYCHP Website
For online class registrations, announcements,
previous issues of our newsletters, and more,
visit the ENYCHP website at
http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/
Email or call any of the educators with
questions or comments on the website – we want to make it work for YOU!
Pillbugs and damage on a greenhouse cucurbit planting. The
pillbugs likely came in on wood chip mulch. Photo sent in by
grower
P A G E 5 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
morethanthecomposthadtooffer.Withoutananalysisyoureallydon’tknowhowmuchNPKormicronutrientsthecompostwillcontribute.Oftentimes,nutrientcontributionsfrom inishedcompostsaremodest.Ofcoursethiswilldependonhowmuchyouputoutinagivenareaandthecompostfeedstock.Forexample,repeatedapplicationsofmanurebasedcompostcanleadtoexcessivePloadingintunnelsoils.
CompostSalts Watchthesaltslevels!Accumulatingsaltsinhightunnelsareacommonproblemparticularlywhenplastic ilmstaysonthestructurefor2ormoreyears,whichitoftendoes,withoutanyleaching.Plantstakenutrientsfromsoilsintheformofdissolvedsalts,buttoohighofaconcentrationcaninjureplantroots.Manurebasedcomposttendtohavehighersolublesaltslevels,sotestyoursoilsaltsandcompostsalts(thisshouldbeincludedinyourfullanalysis)beforeyouaddanything.Somegrowersremovetheplasticattheendoftheseasontoallowsnowandrainleachaccumulatedsalts.
CompostBugs Don’tletyourcompostapplicationbugyouout!Checkyourcompostforsowbugsandpillbugs.Normallythesecrustaceansfeedondecayingmatterandhelpbreakdowncompost.Thepresenceofsowbugsandpillbugsincompostislikelyanindicationthatthecompostisun inished.Theyareoftenfoundinwoodchipmulchtoo,whichI’veseensomegrowersuseintunnels.Onceintroducedintothetunnel,theymayfeedontransplantsandyoungtenderplantscausingseriousdamage.I’veseenthemmunchawaybedsoftransplantsespeciallyplantslikecucurbitsthathaveleavesthatfallonthesoil.Onceyougetthesecrittersinyourtunnel,theyarehardtogetridofsokeepthemout. MaintainingdesirablepHandsaltslevelsinsoilsissomethingmostgrowersareawareof,andmanydosendintheirhightunnelsoilintoalabonceayearforanalysis.Butwhataboutthecompostbeingaddedtothehightunnel?It’simportanttohavethecompostanalysistoo,soyouknowwhatyouareputtingintothesoilandcanmakeproperadjustments.Ifyouarebuyingincompostaskforacopyoftheanalysis,iftheydon’t
haveoneoryouaremakingyourowncompostsendasampletoalab.(Seelinkbelow).Belowaresomelinkstoresourcesonthetopicofcompostuse.https://soiltest.umass.edu/fact‐sheets/interpreting‐your‐compost‐test‐resultshttp://cwmi.css.cornell.educomposting.htm#use_qualityTestingCompostFactSheethttp://cwmi.css.cornell.edu/compostfs4.pdf
CornellCompostAnalysisFormhttp://www.cnal.cals.cornell.edu/forms/pdfs/CNAL_Form_C.pdf
Attention Strawberry and Blueberry
Growers!
Cornell Cooperative Extension and Dr. Elson
Shields of Cornell University’s Entomology Department are
looking for farms that may have an infestation of Strawber-
ry Root Weevil or Black Vine Weevil. This insect is very
difficult to see as the most damaging form is underground
feeding on root systems. You may occasionally see notch-
ing of leaves, but primarily will notice unthrifty growth in
certain areas of the field. These insects prefer lighter, even
sandy soil and may be more prevalent in fields where orna-
mental nursery plants have been grown or sold nearby.
If you have any thought that your small fruit fields may be
underperforming we would very much like to take a look.
Please contact Laura McDermott ([email protected] or
518-791-5038) or Jim O’Connell ([email protected] or
845-943-9814).
P A G E 6 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Weather Station Maintenance – get ready for the growing season. JULIET CARROL L, FRUIT IPM
COORDINATOR AND LEADER OF
NEWA, NY S IPM PROGR AM
TokeepyourNEWA‐connectedweatherstationrunningintopshapethisseason,consulttheMaintenanceGuidelinesandtheTroubleshootingGuideweputtogetherforRainwiseweatherstationsinNEWA.DevelopedwithinputfromRainwiseTechnicalSupportpersonnelandincorporatingquestionsandanswersfromourworkshops,“ImprovingtheReliabilityofyourWeatherStation”theGuideprovidesacomprehensiveoverviewanddetailedstepsfor ixingproblemsthatarisewithyourweatherstation.Simple ixes,suchasturningthestationoffandthenontoresetit,areonthemainwebpage. Commonmaintenanceissuesliketheneedforanewbattery,ifnottakencareofcanleadtoanomaliesindataordatanotbeingreported.YoucandownloadtheMaintenanceandTroubleshootingGuideandkeepitonhandforreference.Thetroubleshootingguideisorganizedbythetypesofproblemsyoumightencounterwithyourweatherdata.Theseinclude: StationisNotTransmitting–Data
Transmission RainfallDataNotCollected–RainfallMissing ExcessRainfallDataCollected–ExcessRainfall TheReceivingBaseisNotUploadingDatato
RainwiseNet–DataUploadFailure
Whenweatherstationsare3to5yearsold,theymaybegintoshowneedforrepair–newsensors(temperature/relativehumidity,leafwetness,etc.),ornewbattery.Keepaneyeonyourweatherdatatomakesureitiswithinnormalparameters.ScanHourlyData,(underWeatherDataonthebluemainmenuonNEWA)orcheckyourdatafeedonRainwiseNet.
We’veupgradedtheNEWAHourlyDatapagetoincludeaStateselectionbox.Selectyourstateandtheneitherselectastation,month,andyearusingthedropdownboxesandhit“Getreport”orclickonamonthprovidedinthetable(bluelinks;purplelinksarepreviouslyviewed).Onceyoumaketheselection,thepageofresultswilldisplayinan“HourlyDataSummary”forthatmonth. IfNEWAisn’tgettingyourweatherdatatheHourlyDatapagewillshowpatchedgapsasbrownitalicizedfont—indicatingmissingorextrapolateddatathatcouldindicateaweatherstationproblem.HourlyDatavariablescanshowyoudailyweatherpatterns,extremesintemperatureandrainfallthatarebene icialtomaintainingyourcrops,butalsomaintainingyourweatherstation. Onlyfunctioningweatherstationsareincludedinthedropdownlists.Ifyoucan’t indthestationyouarelookingfor,chancesareitiscurrentlyinactive.AnyweatherstationsinactiveformorethanamontharetakenoutofNEWAuntiltheyarebackup.Alistofinactiveweatherstationsisprovidedinthe“Selectstation”dropdownbox. Thistimeofyearisanexcellenttimetomaintainyourweatherstation.Takealookatthestation,makesuretheraingaugebucketisclean,andcheckalltheconnections. We’dliketoacknowledgetheNewYorkStateAppleResearchandDevelopmentProgramforfundingourworkshopsandmakingitpossibletocreatetheTroubleshootingGuideandwebpagesthatarenowavailabletoeveryoneconnectedtoNEWAacrosstheEasternUS.
P A G E 7 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
2015 Pumpkin Variety Trial CHUCK BORNT AND ANNIE MIL LS ,
CCE E N YCHP
Iknowitslateandmostofyouprobablyallormostofyourseedalreadyordered,butIthoughtIwouldshareourPumpkinVarietyTrialinformationwithyoujustincaseyouareintriguedbysomeofthesevarietiesandwouldliketotrythemthisyear.Iwouldalsoliketotakethisopportunitytothankourhostgrower,RichWertmanofWertmanFarmandGreenhouseslocatedinMelrose,NYwhichisinRensselaerCountyabout10milesnorthofTroy(justtogiveyousomereferencepoints).Richandhisfamilygrowabout60acresofpumpkins,rangingfrompiestypestoJack‐O‐Lanterns.Iwouldalsoliketothanktheseedcompaniesthatprovidedseedandfeedbackforthistrial(Table1).
TrialParticulars ThetrialwasdirectseededJune11,2015.Twoseedswereplantedinsixhillsinsidebysiderows(12hillsperplotperreplication)spacedon6footcenters:in‐rowspacingwasdeterminedbasedonseedcompanyrecommendationssquarefootageperplantandconvertedtobeascloseaspossiblebasedonour6footrowcenterspacingandcanbefoundalsoinTable1.Eachvarietywasreplicatedtwiceforatotalof24hillspervariety.Rowsweremarkedand400poundsof19‐19‐19fertilizerwasplacedintherowswithaMonosem2rowplanterandseedswerethenjabbedinbyhandusingajabplanter.Afterplanting,Sandea(halosulfuron)at0.5ouncesperacreplusDualMagnum(s‐metolachlor)at1.0pintsperacreplusCommandME(clomazone)at1.0pintperacrewasappliedforweedcontrol.Inmid‐July,anadditionalsidesdressof150poundsUreaperacrewasapplied.StartingthelastweekinJuly,theirstfungicideapplicationforPowderyMildewasapplied.Atotalof5fungicideapplicationsweremadeweeklyusingtheseproductsinthissequencepluschlorothalonil:Quintec,Torino,Procure,VivandoandasecondapplicationofQuintec.
Results PlotswereharvestedOctober6,2015.Theperacretotalnumberofmarketablefruit,marketablefruitweightandaveragefruitsizecanbefoundinTable2.AlsoinTable2youcan indthecalculatednumberofbins(24”tall)basedonanaveragebinweighing600poundsandtheaveragenumberofpumpkinsperbinbasedontheaveragefruitsize.Duringdatacollection,weweigheachindividualmarketablefruitandrecordit.WedothissowecangetanideaofhowuniformthefruitsizeisforeachvarietyandTable3isthepercentageoffruitbasedon5poundincrements.Forexample,ifyoulookatRacerPlusyouwill indthat44%ofthetotalmarketablefruitarebetween5and10pounds,50%arebetween10and15poundswhile6%are15to20pounds.And inallyTable4givesyouabriefdescriptionofeachvariety.
Summary TheinformationpresentedinthisreportIfeelisaverystrongrepresentationofhowthesevarietieswillperformonmostfarmswithsimilarcareandconditions.However,eachfarmisdifferentsoIsuggestthatifyoudecidetotryanyofthesevarieties,trialthemonalimitedscaletheirstyeartoseehowtheyactuallyperformonyourfarmandyourculturalpractices.Withthatsaid,thereareseveralvarietiesthatstoodoutinthetrialandIwouldhighlyrecommend.Underpiepumpkins,EarlyAbundanceandJackSpratwereveryattractiveandexcellentyielding.Ifyouarelookingforanoveltytypeinthepiesize,Toadwasveryuniquewithitsniceorangecolor,teardropshapeandnumerous“warts”.ThisvarietyIthinkwouldbeagreatchoiceforretailsalesbutbecauseofthewarts,maybemoresensitivetobruisinginboxesduringdelivery.Ifyouhavebeenlookingforalarger“munchkin”typethenOrangitawouldbeagreatchoicewithit’sdeepribbedorscalloped,brightorangefruit.AndanothernoveltytypetolookatwouldbeWeeeeeOnewhichlookslikealargeJack‐O‐Lanternthathasbeenshrunkto1/2pound. ForsmalltomediumsizedJack‐O‐Lanterns,thoseofyouthathavetriedRacerandlikedit,mightwanttolookatRacerPluswhichisanimprovedRacerwithPowderyMildewdiseasetolerance continued on next page
P A G E 8 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Tab
le 1: 2015 Pu
mp
kin variety trial gen
eral inform
ation
Variety N
ame
Seed
Com
pan
y F
ruit T
ype
Days to
Matu
rity P
lant T
ype
Disease R
e-sistan
ce
Seed
Com
pan
y R
ecomm
end
ed In
-row
Sp
acing 6'
centers (in
ches)
Actu
al In-row
S
pacin
g based
on
6' centers
(inch
es)
Average F
ruit
Size F
rom th
is T
rial (pou
nd
s)
Min
iature an
d P
ie Typ
es
Cinnam
on Girl
Johnny's pie
85 restricted vine
PM
R
24-30 24
2.9
Early A
bundance H
arris pie
90 sem
i vining P
MR
24-30
24 4.5
Jack Sprat
Sakata
pie 100
semi determ
inate P
MR
24-30
24 2.4
New
England P
ie Johnny's
pie 105
vining
36-48 24
3.5
Orangita
Harris
mini m
unchkin 90
semi bush
PM
R
24-30 24
0.9
Prankster
Rupp
pie 85
semi bush
PM
T
48 24
2.9
Toad
Sakata
mini w
arted 85
bush
24-30 24
1.5
WeeeeeO
ne R
upp m
ini 95
bush P
MR
48
24 0.5
Sm
all to Med
ium
Jack-O
-Lan
terns
Cracker Jack
Sakata
Jack-O-L
antern 105
restricted vine P
MR
24-30
36 8.9
Gold S
tandard R
upp Jack-O
-Lantern
90 restricted vine
48
36 9.8
Racer P
lus Johnny's
Jack-O-L
antern 85
restricted vine P
MR
24-30
36 10.3
Warty G
oblin H
arris Jack/W
arted 105
vining P
MR
60-72
60 11.2
Large to E
xtra Large Jack
-O-L
antern
s
Ares
Stokes/S
eedway/H
arris Jack-O
-Lantern
115 vining
PM
R
60-72 60
19.0
Cargo
Johnny's Jack-O
-Lantern
100 restricted vine
PM
R
24-30 36
16.2
Cronus
Harris
Jack-O-L
antern 115
vining P
MR
72-84*
84 31.3
Honky T
onk S
akata Jack-O
-Lantern
100 sem
i determinate
PM
R
30-40 36
15.3
Kratos
Stokes/S
eedway/H
arris Jack-O
-Lantern
100 sem
i vining P
MR
60-72
60 19.9
Rhea
Seedw
ay/Harris
jack 100
vining P
MR
72-84
60 19.9
Solid G
old R
upp Jack-O
-Lantern
100 sem
i vining
60-72 60
21.3
Zeus
Stokes/S
eedway/H
arris Jack-O
-Lantern
110 sem
i vining P
MR
, Z
YM
V
60-72 60
13.4
*Seed C
ompany N
ote: "This variety has a vigorous full-sized vine and requires adequate spacing to realize its full size potential and yield potential. R
ecomm
ended spacing is 3-5 feet betw
een plants in the row and 12 - 15 feet betw
een rows. C
rowding this variety w
ill result in a loss of size and yield."
P A G E 9 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
continued on next page
Table 2: 2015 Extrapolated per acre yields based on plot average data.
Variety Name
Total # Mar-ketable Fruit
per acre
Total Marketable Fruit Weight per
acre (lbs)
Average Fruit Size
(lbs)
Number bins per acre (24" tall, 600
lbs)
Number pumpkins per bin(24" tall, 600
lbs)
Miniature and Pie Types
Cinnamon Girl 3,926 11,204 2.9 19 207
Early Abundance 6,040 27,391 4.5 46 133
Jack Sprat 7,852 19,449 2.4 32 250
New England Pie 7,248 26,153 3.5 44 171
Orangita 7,248 6,584 0.9 11 659
Prankster 6,040 18,150 2.9 30 207
Toad 13,892 20,929 1.5 35 398
WeeeeeOne 16,610 8,788 0.5 15 1,132
Small to Medium Jack-O-Lanterns
Cracker Jack 1,212 10,807 8.9 18 67
Gold Standard 2,828 27,613 9.8 46 61
Racer Plus 3,232 33,290 10.3 55 58
Warty Goblin 2,783 31,206 11.2 52 54
Large to Extra Large Jack-O-Lanterns
Ares 1,331 25,337 19.0 42 32
Cargo 2,020 32,623 16.2 54 37
Cronus 774 24,200 31.3 40 19
Honky Tonk 1,616 24,705 15.3 41 39
Kratos 1,936 38,599 19.9 64 30
Rhea 1,815 36,179 19.9 60 30
Solid Gold 847 18,017 21.3 30 28
Zeus 1,331 17,860 13.4 30 45
added—uniform,blockyuprightroundfruitshapewithdarkorangecolorandmoderateribbing.Ifyouarelookingforanothernoveltyvariety,WartyGoblinwouldbeonetocertainlylookatforretailsales.Theorangeandgreencoloringwithnumer‐ous,largewartsreallymakesitstandoutinacrowdofpumpkins. And inallyforlargetoextralargeJack‐O‐
Lanterns,theonevarietythatstoletheshowwasanewreleasefromHarrisSeedscalledKratos.Thisvarietywasuniform,averagingbetween20and25poundswithagreatdarkorangecolor,mediumribbingandastronguprightroundblockyshapewithastrong,wellanchoredhandlethatseemedtoholditsdarkgreen/blackcolor.Rhea,thesmallersistertoCronusalsodidwellinthe20—25pound
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
P A G E 1 0 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
Table 3: Percentage of fruit size distribution based on 5 pound increments.
Variety Name
Average Fruit
Size (lbs) < 5 lbs. 5 -10 lbs 10 -15 lbs 15 -20 lbs 20 - 25 lbs 25 -30 lbs 30 - 35
lbs 35 - 40
lbs > 40 lbs
Miniature and Pie Types
Cinnamon Girl 2.9 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Early Abundance 4.5 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jack Sprat 2.4 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Eng-
land Pie 3.5 92 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Orangita 0.9 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prankster 2.9 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Toad 1.5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Weeeee-
One 0.5 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Small to Medium Jack-O-Lanterns
Cracker Jack 8.9 0 67 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gold
Standard 9.8 0 43 57 0 0 0 0 0 0
Racer Plus 10.3 0 44 50 6 0 0 0 0 0 Warty
Goblin 11.2 0 26 65 9 0 0 0 0 0
Large to Extra Large Jack-O-
Ares 19.0 0 9 9 45 18 27 0 0 0
Cargo 16.2 0 0 30 60 10 0 0 0 0
Cronus 31.3 0 0 0 0 22 11 33 33 0 Honky
Tonk 15.3 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 0 0
Kratos 19.9 0 0 19 19 50 13 0 0 0
Rhea 19.9 0 0 13 27 53 7 0 0 0
Solid Gold 21.3 0 0 0 43 57 0 0 0 0
Zeus 13.4 0 18 45 36 0 0 0 0 0
category.AnothernewreleasefromHarriscalledZeusshouldalsomaketheshortlistespeciallyifyourmarketislookingforthat15‐18poundconsistentfruitsize.ZeusalsohasinadditiontoitsPowderyMildewtolerance,virustolerance(ZucchiniYellowMosaicVirus).AndbyfarthelargestJack‐O‐LanternswereproducedbyCronus,whichproducessomehuge,veryattractivefruit(30poundsplus).However,thisvarietyalsorequireslotsofspaceasitisafullviningvariety.Harrisrecommends10footcenterswith3‐5feetinrow. Toseepicturesofallthevarieties,visittheCCEEasternNYCommercialHorticultureatwww.cce.enychp.comorclick2015PumpkinVarietyTrialfordirectaccess.
P A G E 1 1 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
P A G E 1 2 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Continued on next page
Resources for Wildlife Control Info. LAURA MCDERMOTT
TheLimitingBirdDamageinFruitCropswork‐shopwebinarvideoshavebeenpostedonlineathttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHzaKDRZiFk&list=PLoNb8lODb49vWWRgYS9ObLT2zi3vb3JBSChecktheplaylist,LimitingBirdDamageinFruit:AVertebrateDamageManagementWorkshop,Aug2015.Thevideosareorganizedintheplaylist,asfollows:BirdSpeciesMostResponsibleforDamagingFruitCrops:https://youtu.be/yHzaKDRZiFkBirdsinFruitCrops,EconomicandConsumerAs‐pectsofDeterrence:https://youtu.be/QDrz7zW‐I3wGrowerPerceptionsofBirdDamagetoFruitCropsinNY2011:https://youtu.be/IXi‐‐g9fH7sTacticsforManagingDeerinFruit:https://youtu.be/b8_y3HSV4p0WildlifeManagement,BirdResources,Regulations,andPermitting:https://youtu.be/EtkGEnRsGB4Riskfactorsforbirddamageinfruitandmitigationstrategies:https://youtu.be/_cmgzerLACQScaredevicesinvesti‐gatedinfruitplantingsinNY:https://youtu.be/CF9yritTQ3cTherearemoreYouTubevideosontheNYSIPMYouTubeChannel,https://www.youtube.com/user/NYSIPM.
Don’t Forget WPS MAIRE U LLRICH
Justaquickreminderthatanyfarmerswhoapplypesticides(conventionalororganic)andhaveworkers(non‐farmowners/renters/leasors)whoarenotimmediatefamilymembers(children,sib‐lingsorparents)needtoperformWorkerProtec‐tionStandardsTrainingforalloftheworkers.Workersmustbetrainedbeforethe5thdayofworkwheretheycouldpossiblyenteratreatedarea.Toadministertrainingyouhavetohaveapesticideapplicator’slicenseorbeatrained‐trainer. Yes,someyoumayhaveheardsomerulesarechanging(likethenumberofdaysyouhavetotrainbeingloweredfrom5to1)buttheywillnotbeenforceduntilJanuary2017.Rulesandregulationscanbefoundat:http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/worker.htmTrainingforTrainerswithoutpesticideapplicator’slicensescanbefoundhere:http://www.extension.iastate.edu/WorkerProtection/Asampleworker,fromNJ,trainingrosterformcanbefoundat:http://www.state.nj.us/dep/enforcement/pcp/pcp‐wps.htm
Andaprintableoneisonthenextpage.
P A G E 1 3 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
P A G E 1 4 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Seed TestingPlantinghighqualityseedsisthe irststeptogrowingasuccessfulcrop.TheNewYorkSeedTestingLabiswhosuppliesthatserviceinNew
York.Belowaretheamountsofseedyouneedtosendandthefeesfortestsaswellasthemailingaddressforsubmission.Moreinformationcanbefoundat:http://blogs.cornell.edu/nyseedlab/
continued on next page
P A G E 1 5 A P R I L 2 0 1 6
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
NewYorkStateSeedTestingLaboratoryFeeScheduleeffectiveApril1,2010
Agricultural,Flower,andVegetableSeeds:
Purity 22.50Germination 20.00
Nativegrasses(non‐ lowing):
Purity 65.00Germination 20.00
SeedMixturePurity&SeparationChargeforGer‐minationonlysamples(min.1hr):
Pasture‐22.50/hr(twocomponents)Eachadditionalcomponent‐9.00Turfgrasses‐30.00/hr(twocomponents)Eachadditionalcomponent‐11.00
MiscellaneousTestsandProcedures:(additional)
Allstatenoxiousexam……...………..10.00Breakdownforsnapbeans………….8.00
ColdTest:(rolledtowelorsoilmethod) Smallseededcrops…………………….23.00
Largeseededcrops…………………….27.00Faxresults……………………………Nocharge
Germinationofspecieswithoutrules:2xrateofsimilarkind
Moisturetest:(samplemustbesentinmoistureproofcontainer) Electronic……………………………….6.50 Oven……………………………………21.50
RUSH(includesA.S.A.P.)10.00persampleSandgerminationofbeet………20.00Tetrazoliumtesting…………uponrequestAdditionallaboratoryreport……...5.00
Hourlyratesareincurredfor: Non‐cleanedsamples….…………...22.00 Retestofsubmittedsamples…Nocharge
SeedAnalysisofNEWYORKSTATECERTIFIEDSEED
1.5poundsofseedisrequiredforanalysisofthelistedseeds.
Typeofseed Purity GerminationBarley 13.00 10.00Bean 8.50 8.50Buckwheat 13.00 8.50Corn 8.50 8.50Oats 15.00 10.00Rye 13.00 10.00Soybean 12.00 12.00Triticale 13.00 10.00Wheat 13.00 10.00
Packagesamplesinapaperenvelopewithpad-ding,neverplastic,sealedandlabeledwiththetypeandvarietyandanyseedcoatings/processesitmayhavehad.
Mailto:
New York State Seed Testing
Laboratory
Department of Horticultural
Sciences - Sturtevant Hall
New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station
630 W. North Street,
Geneva, NY 14456
Call: 315-787-2242
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T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
New York Labor Wages and Substitution
JESSE STRZOK
Intalksandvisitswithproducersfromacrossourregionthethoughtofahigherminimumwage($15/hour),andchangestoexemptionsforsalariedemployees(http://www.dol.gov/whd/overtime/nprm2015/factsheet.htm)havemanyemployersconcerned.Forthoseofyouwhohavenotkeptupontheproposedchanges,employersneedtomonitortheNYSDepartmentofLabor(http://www.labor.ny.gov/home/businesses.php).Inaddition,allemployersneedtopayattentiontotheU.S.DepartmentofLabor’sWageandHourDi‐vision(www.dol.gov/whd/)forexemptionchang‐es.ForourregiontheAlbanyDistrictOf icemighttheeasiestpointofcontact(fortheircontactinfor‐mationpleaseseetheendofthisarticle).Theirpublicationsstatethelawandtheycanhelpyounavigatetheupcomingchanges.Theyareheretohelp(seriously). BacktoNY–thestoryoftengoessomethinglikethis:“Jesse,laborwas40%ofmycostslastyear.WagesaregoingtoincreasefromwhatIcur‐rentlypay,$10/hour,to$15/hour…anincreaseof50%forlabor.Ifmyoverallcostsaregoingtoin‐creaseby20%thisisgoingtoputmeoutofbusi‐ness!” Whenitcomestofactorsofproductionthisisnothowitshouldaffectus.Assav‐vybusinesspeoplewearegoingsubstituteawayfromlaborintensiveproductionandintomorecapitalintensiveproductionwhenitmakessense,andviceversa.WhatIamsay‐ingisnowisagoodtimetoforecastyourproductioncostswithmoreef‐icientequipmentandtolooktoin‐creaseautomationtorelylessonlabortohelpminimizecosts.(PleasenotethatIdidnotsayeveryoneshouldgobuyanewJohnDeere9620R.) Forthoseofyouwhorunthenumbersanddecideaninvestment
indifferentequipmentwithgreaterautomationtocounterpotentialincreasesinwageshaveaninter‐estingchoicetomake.CertainlycontinuetolookforgoodvalueinAmericanmadeequipmentastheremaybesomedealshangingonfromthepre‐viouseconomicdownturn. However,withtheap‐preciationoftheU.S.dollaragainstmanycurren‐ciesIfeeltheneedtoprovidesomeinsightintosomefactorstoconsiderwhenmakingapurchas‐ingdecision.Haveyoufoundsomethingyoucanonly indovertheborderoroverseas?SomeofthenewandusedequipmentyouhavebeeneyeingoutsideoftheU.S.isnowabetterprice.Pleasere‐memberyoumightseeadditionalcostsifyouneedtomodifytheequipmenttomeetU.S.requirementsforemissions,safety,etc.Ifyou’vedecidedonsuchapieceofequipmentI’llwalkyouthroughcurren‐cyconversion. Let’slookattheU.S.dollar(USD)versustheCanadiandollar(CAD).ForthepastdecadeorsoI’veregularlyusedwww.xe.comasmygo‐toofchoiceforcurrencyconversion.Atthemoment,1USDistradingfor1.29967CAD(whichI’llroundto1.3CAD).Prettygoodforusasitwascloseto1‐to‐1justafewyearsago!Sohowdoesthisconversionwork?Well,ignoringanypotentialimporttariffsorrestrictionstotrade,apieceofequipmentwhichcosts1,000CADwillonlycostus770USD![Themath:Part1)creatingtheratio,(1USD)/(1.3CAD)=0.77USD/CAD;Part2)usingthatratio,1,000CADx0.77USD/CAD=770USD.]GoaheadandtrythiswithaU.S.dollartoEuroconversion.
Torecap–weneedtopayattentiontotheproposedchangesANDexemptionsandit’stimetolookatallyourrecordsandfore‐castproductionwithdifferentcapi‐tal.Pleasecontactmeifyouhavequestionsonforecastingthesenumbers([email protected]).
AlbanyDistrictOf iceU.S.Dept.ofLabor
LeoW.O’BrienFederalBuildingRoom822
11AClintonAvenueAlbany,NY12207
Phone:518.431.6460or1.866.487.9243
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T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Changes in COOL
(Country of Origin Labeling) MAIRE U LLRICH
TherehasbeenmuchmediacoverageastochangesinCOOLoverthepastyearor2andthechangesareinalnow.SummaryofChangestotheCOOLRegulationsThisruleremovescertainmandatoryCOOLre‐quirementsfromretailers(asde inedbythelawandregulations)andtheirsuppliers.Retailersarenolongerrequiredbytheruletoprovidecountryoforigininformationforthebeefandporkthattheysell,and irmsthatsupplybeefandporktotheseretailersnolongermustprovidethemwiththisinformation.Inaddition, irmsinthesupplychainforbeefandporkarealsorelievedfromtherequirementsassociatedwithmandatoryCOOL,fromcattleandhogsdownstreamtomusclecutandgroundbeefandporksoldatcoveredretailes‐tablishments.Source:USDAAgriculturalMarketingService:https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/ iles/media/COOL%20 inal%20rule%20federal%20register%20version.pdf
Speciality Mushroom Cultivation Location:HudsonValleyResearchLab,3357Highway9W,HighlandNY12528Date&time:SundayApril10th,10am‐2pmCost:$45pre‐registration,$55atthedoorRegistration:Pre‐registrationends4/5/2016Call845‐340‐3990andregisterwithCarrie‐AnnWorkshopSummary: NewYorkwasonceahotbedformushroomcultivation,andthepastfewyearshasseentheresurgenceofinterestinthisancientart.Asthelocalandhealthfoodmovementsevolve,thenicheforsustainablyproducedhealthyNewYorkmushroomshasbeensteadilygrowing.Farmerswhoarelookingtoaddvarietytotheirfarmstandordirectretailofferingswillbeinterestedingrowingacropofshiitakebecausemostoftheworkoccurrsintheoffseasonandcanbeeasily itinto irewoodharvestingorotherwinterforestactivities.Homeownerswilllovethefreshmushroomsburstingwith lavorandpackedwithnutrientsaswellasthewonderfulgardencompostthatcanbemadefromspentlogs. Theworkshopwillbeginwithanhour‐longtalkfeaturingMid‐HudsonMycologicalAssociationpresidentJohnC.MichelottiandCCEeducatorErikSchellenberg,coveringthehistory,economics,andproductionsystemsofspecialtymushroomcultivationwithafocusonlog‐basedproductionofshiitake.Theremainderoftheworkshopwillconsistofhands‐onmushroomloginnoculationandin‐depthexplanationoftheprocess.Includesalightlunch.
Don’t Forget to Enroll Enrollment is for 1 year so if you have not
enrolled recently, you may miss out on timely summer pest information. Those that
have not yet reenrolled for the 2016 year will have a notice label on this publication
or in their email. If you have a question about your status, please call Abby at 518-746-2553. If you
farm in Orange County, call Colleen at 845-344-1234.
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T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Early Season Weed Control in Onions ERIK SCHELLE NBERG
Astheonionplantingseasonbegins,weedcontrolisoneveryone’smind.Therearealotofconsiderationswhenitcomestodevelopinganherbicideprogram,andmostgrowershavebeenexperimentingontheirownforlongenoughtoknowwhatworksontheirfarmandwhatdoesn’t.Thisarticlehighlightsimportantpointsfrom2015ieldtrialsdonebyCornellVegetableProgramex‐tensionvegetablespecialistChristyHoepting.Forthefullresultsofthetrial,contactChristyatca‐[email protected]‐798‐4265. Pre‐emergentweedcontrolindirectseededonionsisessential,andiscommonlyachievedbyusingProwl,Outlook,andBuctril.Applicationsarenormallymadepre‐emergenceofthecrop,andatthe lag,and3‐leafstages.The2015trialsusedvar‐iouscombinationsandconcentrationsofProwl,Outlook,andBuctrilwithdifferenttimingpatterns.Firstoff,takestockofyourweedpressure.Doyouhaveproblemswithaparticularweed?Youmaywanttomodifyyourprogramtomakethebestuseofyoursprays.Lastyear’strialsindicatedthatnei‐therOutlooknorProwlprovidedgoodcontrolofragweed,soBuctrilwasthemainproductrespon‐sibleforragweedcontrol.Alone,ProwlprovidedbestcontrolofLambsquartersandcontrolofpig‐weedincreasedwhenProwlwasusedpre‐emergenttotheonionandwithhigherrates(e.g.4.8pt/acre).Whenusedalone,Outlookhadthepoorestbroadleafweedcontrol.Outlook’sbroad‐leafcontrolwasbetterwhenitwasappliedatthefullrate(21 loz)pre‐emergenttotheonionthanwhenitwasappliedassplitapplication(11 lozpre‐emergenttoonions+10 lozat lagleaf).Con‐trolofpigweedwasvariable,possiblyduetodryconditions,butthebestcontrolappearedtooccurwhenProwlwasappliedpre‐emergenttoonion(2pt)andwithhighrates(4.8ptat lagand3‐leaf).Thetrialsshowedthatthebestweedcontrolwasachievedwithcombinationtreatmentsthatinclud‐edhighpre‐emergentratesofProwl(4.8ptpre‐emergencetoonions)and/orOutlook(21 lozpre‐emergenttoonions).However,thesetreatmentswithhighratesofProwlorOutlookpre‐emergenttoonionsresultedinhigherthandesirableonioninjuryincludingvisualinjury,measurablestunting
andreducedstand.Thetreatmentthatrovidedthebestweedcontrolwhilehavingacceptablecroptolerancewas: Pre-emergencespray‐ProwlEC2pt+Out‐
look11 loz+Buctril12 loz Flagleafstage—(1sttrueleafsamesizeas lag)
Outlook10 loz+ProwlEC4.8pt Thirdleafstage ‐ProwlEC4.8pt BarelykillusingSelectMax16 lozwasinclud‐
edinthe lagleafspray. ProwlH20ispreferredoverProwlECbycer‐
taingrowersduetoeaseofuse. Alloftheeffectivepre‐emergenceherbicide
programsresultedinonionstuntingbyabout1inchatthe2‐leafstage,andthestuntingwasstillnoticeableintothe3‐and4‐leafgrowthstages.Ofallthetreatments,onlythesplitap‐plicationofOutlookalonedidnotcausestunt‐ing.HighratesofProwldidnotresultinre‐ducedstand,buthighratesofOutlookveryear‐lyoninoniongrowthresultedinsigni icantstandthinning.
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T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Calendar of Events
March31,2016.NavigatingNEWAintheCham-plainValleywithDr.JulietCarroll,MinerInsti‐tute,1034MinerFarmRd.Chazy,NY$10pphttp://enych.cce.cornell.edu/event.php?id=509
April1,2016.NavigatingNEWAintheCapitalRegionwithDr.JulietCarroll,SaratogaCCE,50W.HighSt.BallstonSpa,NY$10pphttp://enych.cce.cornell.edu/event.php?id=510
April7,2016.EffectiveOrchardSprayingwithDr.AndrewLanders.ChamplainValley,ForrenceOrchards,86RiverRd.,Peru.NY$15pp.9:00amto3:15PM.NYSDECrecerti icationcreditshavebeenappliedfor. http://enych.cce.cornell.edu/event.php?id=506
April7,2016.EffectiveVineyardSpraying.TheChamplainWineCompany,30CityHallPlace,Plattsburgh,NY.Free.9:00amto1:00PM.NYSDECrecerti icationcreditshavebeenappliedfor.https://enych.cce.cornell.edu/event.php?id=505
SPRING 2016
Unwanted Pesticide / Chemical Disposal Program Scheduled
C L I N T O N , E S S E X , F R A N K L I N , F U L T O N ,
H A M I L T O N , S A R A T O G A , W A R R E N A N D
W A S H I N G T O N C O U N T I E S
CLEANSWEEPNYisaNYSDECenvironmentalbene itprojectthatprovidesfortheenvironmen‐tallysafeandeconomiccollectionanddisposalofunwantedorunusablepesticides,schoolchemicals,golfcoursechemicals,andelementalmercuryandmercury‐containingdevices(e.g.manometersandthermometers),aswellasotherwastechemicals.CleanSweepNYalsocollectsandrecyclestriple‐rinsedHDPEplasticcontainersfromagriculturalandcertainnon‐agriculturalentities.TheNYSDe‐partmentofEnvironmentalConservationadminis‐terstheCleanSweepNYprojectthroughitsCentralOf icePesticidesPrograminAlbany.Fundingforthisenvironmentalbene itprojectisadministeredbytheNaturalHeritageTrust.
Wednesday May 4th, Plattsburgh, NY
Thursday May 5th, Hudson Falls, NY Speci iccollectionlocationswillbeavailableuponregistrationorbycontactingCleanSweepNYstaffbyphoneat877‐793‐3769orbye‐[email protected]
ACCEPT ED FREE OF CHA RGE
PRE-REG ISTRATION IS R EQUIRED TO
PARTICI PATE IN CLEANS WEEP NY.
Requestingaregistrationpacketiseasyandcanbedonebycalling1-877-793-3769orbye-mailtoinfo@cleansweepny.orgNOTE:Informationre‐ceivedbyCleanSweepNYiskeptcon identialand
theregistrationdeadlineisApril15,2016.
CANCELLED
DUE TO EARLY SEASON ACTIVITIES
JimO’Connell,GrapeandBerryEducatorforCornellCoopera‐tiveExtensionofEasternNYwillleadadiscussiononbudmortalityandtheseasonahead(whatpercentmortalityaregrowersseeing,whatstrategiesaretheyemployingintheirvineyardstocompensateforbudloss,etc.).Thiseventisfree,butpleasepre‐registerbyApril4thwithJimO’Connell(P)845‐943‐99814or(EM)[email protected].
Grape Growers Pot Luck Dinner April 7th 5-7:30pm
Clearview Vineyard, 35 Clearview Ln, Warwick, NY 10990
P A G E 1 6 M A R C H 2 0 1 6
The Label is the Law. Cornell Cooperative Extension and the staff assume no liability for the effectiveness of results of any chemicals for pesticide use. No endorsement of any product is made or implied. Every effort has been made to provide correct, complete, and current pesticide recommendations. Nevertheless, changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are still possible. These recommendations are not substitutes for pesticide labeling. Please read the label before applying any pesticide. Where trade names are used, no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is implied by Cornell Cooperative Extension.
Diversity and Inclusion are a part of Cornell University’s heritage. We are a recognized employer and educator valuing AA/EEO, Protected Veterans, and Individuals with Disabilities.
T H E P R O D U C E P A G E S
Scenes from 2016 Regional Schools Scenes from 2016 Regional Schools Scenes from 2016 Regional Schools The first-ever Northeastern NY & VT Win-
ter Grape School was held in Lake George
on Thursday March 17th. Organized by the
Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture Pro-
gram and the UVM Grape Program, the
program offered two tracks for cold climate
grape growers and wine producers
(viticulture and enology), a mini trade show,
and this mid-day discussion about fostering
success in the budding industry, led by (left
to right) Gerry Barnhart, Jay White, Richard
Lamoy, Ethan Joseph, and Jim Trezise.
(Photo: Anna Wallis)
(Above) The Northern Vegetable School was held on March 15
at the Grange Hall in Keeseville. Forty-four growers not only
learned from the speakers (including Paul and Sandy Arnold
from Pleasant Valley Farm) but exchanged ideas and advice with
each other during breaks throughout the day. (photo by A Ivy)
(Left) Ed Fairweather (center) of Wessel’s Farms, a vendor at
the trade show, chats with Dan(l) and Jack(r) Schoonmaker
during the Vegetable School in Kingston. (photo by M. Ullrich)
