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The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
CONFORMCOnstruction of a Nonscaling FFAG for
Oncology Research and Medicine
Professor Roger BarlowManchester University
and the Cockcroft Institute
on behalf of the CONFORM projectProject Open day 24th June 2010
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
Accelerators
The LHC is the best-known particle accelerator
But not a typical one
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
Accelerators at work
More than 15,000 accelerators are in use worldwide.More than 97% of these accelerators are commercial • Diagnosing and treating cancer • Creation of ceramics, insulators, and plastics. • Locating oil and minerals in the earth• Processing semiconductor chips for computers• Sterilizing medical equipment and food products• Determining the age of materials through radiocarbon
dating
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
The Accelerator Industry
IPAC 2010 accelerator conference 75 industrial exhibitors– paying ¥300,000+ each
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
BASROC
The British Accelerator Science Radiation and Oncology Consortium A group from industry and academia dedicated to furthering
accelerator development in the UK – for hadron therapy and other purposes.
Faraday partnership for RF had a lot of input to the process
Put together a successful £8M project bid to the “Basic Technology” scheme. Started 3 years ago – 1 year to run.
Aim: to develop the technology of the nsFFAG
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
Accelerators: Linear v. Circular
Repeated kicks enable the accelerator to be more compact
Magnetic fields bend particles into circlesElectric fields accelerate particles
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
Types of Circular Accelerator
As particles get faster it is harder to bend them
Cyclotron: circle radius increases
Limits: Large, solid magnetLow energyRate of acceleration limited as
only one cavity
Synchrotron: magnetic field increases
Limits:Low currents (~ 1 bunch at a time)Magnet current keeps changingRate of acceleration limited:
magnet needs time to respond
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
The FFAG
Like cyclotron but magnetic field increases further out
Like synchrotron but magnetic field increases because the particle moves, not because the current changes
“Fixed Field”
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
FFAG: the advantages
Pro:Delivers high currents and high energiesMagnets smaller (beats cyclotron) and fixed current
(beats synchrotron)Can accelerate fast – many cavities, no field limit
Con:Complicated shape of magnetic field – can be solvedGentle change of field means large (~1 meter) pipe
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
The nsFFAG
It enables you to keep the tune constant
To preserve “scaling”. Trajectories are the same shape at all energies, just differing in size.
Suppose you move through the resonances so fast that they didn’t have time to build up
The number of wiggles about the orbit that a particle makes in a turn
If it is ever integer, the beam will be killed by resonances.When the kick from any imperfection acts at the same point on each cycle.
What is a “resonance”?
Why must that be constant?
What’s the “tune”?
Why is that important?
Why must the field variation be gentle?
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
The non-scaling FFAG
Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!
Use many cavities to accelerate fast
Bad patches (=resonances=integer tunes) come and go before effects have a chance to build up
Can have narrow beam pipe with magnetic field increasing steeply across it
This gives us a compact high energy high current simple cheap reliable type of proton accelerator – many applications/markets
But does it work? Build a prototype to test the idea. Use electrons as they’re easier to handle.
resonances
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
How do we get there?
Build Protype electron nsFFAG
Design Protype Proton nsFFAG
Build Commercial Proton nsFFAG
Build Protype Proton nsFFAG
Talk to customers
Build Protype electron nsFFAG
Design Protype Proton nsFFAG
Protype key parts of Proton nsFFAG
Build Commercial Proton nsFFAGs
Talk to customers
Discover someone else has already cornered the market
The Project
:
CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology ProgrammeRoger Barlow([email protected]) CONFORM Open Day 24th June 2010
The rest of this afternoon
•EMMA – the prototype electron nsFFAG – Rob Edgecock
•PAMELA – design of a proton machine – Ken Peach
•Applications (1) Medical – Karen Kirkby and Mark Hill
•Applications (2) Energy – Bob Cywinski
•Opportunities for industry – Liz Towns-Andrews
There are also posters and people across the corridor
