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The Prokaryotes 11a: Archaea & Gram Positives
Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms
morphology
Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms
morphology
Others: fragmentation, spores, etc.
Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms
morphology
Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms
morphology
Criteria for classification and identification of microorganisms
differential & special staining
biochemical testsmetabolism-basedserology-based
comparing nucleic acids
rDNA (small subunit & large subunit)
(phage typing)
American Type Culture Collection (atcc.org)
Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
Pyrodictium
Geogemma
P: Crenarcheota
Ignicoccus
Methanobacterium
Methanopyrus
Halobacterium
P: Euryarcheota
Haloarcula
Korarcheota
Recently discovered Phylum: Nanoarcheota: some of smallest cells known (“nano” = 1/billionth -> implies “very small” )
Species: Nanoarcheum equitans
From the report in Nature (5/2/02):
Found “on the surface of another Archaean called Ignicoccus (green), whose cells are about 2 millionths of a metre (2 m) across. Each cell sported 30 to 50 Nanoarcheota cells (red).”
“The organisms are about 400 billionths of a metre (0.4 m) across - more than six million would fit on the head of a pin.”
P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s
Clostridium & allies
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium botulinum
Epulopiscium
Veillonella
Paramecium (larger than most human cells)
P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s
Clostridium & allies
P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hominis, M. genitalium
Ureaplasma sp.
P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s
Bacillus anthracis
PA = protective antigen
EF = edema factor LF = lethal factor
P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +sBacilli
B. megaterium
B. thuringensis =“Bt”
B. cereus
B.c. var. mycoides
B. subtilis
B. stearo-thermophilus
P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Bacilli
LactobacillusStreptococcus
Lactococcus
Hemolysis groups: , ,
Lancefield groups
Group A (GAS): S. pyogenes
Group B (GBS): S. agalactiae
Group D: Enterococci & others
No Lancefield group: S. pneumoniae
Viridans group: eg: S. mutans
P: Firmicutes = low G+C Gram +s Bacilli
Listeria
Staphylococcus aureus
S. epidermidis
P: Actinobacteria = High G+C Gram +s
Mycobacterium
M. leprae
M. tuberculosis
M. avium-intracellulare
P: Actinobacteria = High G+C Gram +s
Corynebacterium
Propionibacterium
Gardnerella
Micrococcus
Bifidobacterium
P: Actinobacteria = High G+C Gram +s
Actinobacteria -> “actinomycetes”
Streptomyces
Actinomyces Nocardia
