TheProtestant

Reformation

TheProtestant

Reformation

Causes of the ReformationSuccess of Catholicism led to criticisms

Won hearts, spirits, and $$ of Western Europe

Church corruption

Abuses of Church practices and positions

Indulgences: Cancellation of the penalty given by the Church to a confessed sinner.

Johann Tetzel: “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”

Raised $ for Church activities

Simony: Buying church positions

Causes of the Reformation 2…Causes of the Reformation 2…

►Conciliarism: Theory that a general council of the church has greater authority than the pope and may, if necessary, depose him

► Printing Press: Credited to Johannes Gutenberg in 1450 1 of the most significant inventions in history Increased the output of printed material Made such material available to much of the

population = increased literacy rates

The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press

Martin Luther (1483-1546)Martin Luther (1483-1546)

► Augustinian friarAugustinian friar► Professor at university in Professor at university in

Wittenburg, SaxonyWittenburg, Saxony► Came to believe that personal Came to believe that personal

efforts—good works such as a efforts—good works such as a Christian life and attention to Christian life and attention to the sacraments of the Churchthe sacraments of the Church—could not “earn” the sinner —could not “earn” the sinner salvationsalvation

► ““Justification by faith alone” Justification by faith alone” (1515)(1515)

October 31, 1517October 31, 1517► 95 Theses95 Theses, ,

statements, about statements, about indulgences were indulgences were nailed to the door nailed to the door of the Wittenburg of the Wittenburg church and church and challenged the challenged the practice of selling practice of selling indulgencesindulgences

► Wanted to Wanted to REFORM REFORM the the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Selling Indulgences

Luther’s Relations with the Pope and Luther’s Relations with the Pope and Governments/WritingsGovernments/Writings

► Excommunicated by Pope Excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1521Leo X in 1521

► Diet of WormsDiet of Worms (1521): (1521): publicly condemned by publicly condemned by HRE Charles VHRE Charles V

► Wanted nobles and Wanted nobles and clergy to reform the clergy to reform the ChurchChurch

► 1534: Translated the 1534: Translated the Bible into GermanBible into German City of Worms

The Peasant Revolt - 1524The Peasant Revolt - 1524

Important Protestant EventsImportant Protestant Events►1524:1524: Peasant Revolt: Nobles repressed it with Peasant Revolt: Nobles repressed it with

Luther’s blessing: killed 70k-100k peasantsLuther’s blessing: killed 70k-100k peasants►1529:1529: Word ‘Protestant’ is 1 Word ‘Protestant’ is 1stst used used►1530, Augsburg Confession1530, Augsburg Confession: Comprehensive : Comprehensive

statement of Luther’s beliefsstatement of Luther’s beliefs►1555: Peace of Augsburg1555: Peace of Augsburg established the established the

permanent religious division of Germany into permanent religious division of Germany into Lutheran and Catholic churchesLutheran and Catholic churches ““Curius regio, eius religio”Curius regio, eius religio” ““His region, his religion”—meaning that the religion of the His region, his religion”—meaning that the religion of the

region follows the religion of the person ruling thereregion follows the religion of the person ruling there

ReformationEurope

(Late 16c)

ReformationEurope

(Late 16c)

ResourcesResources

►historyteacher.net: historyteacher.net: Susan M. PojerSusan M. Pojer►http://www.reformation.org/luther.html►REA AP European History BookREA AP European History Book