The Rabies Situation in Eastern Europe

National Reference Laboratory for Rabies, State Veterinary Institute, Liberec, Czech Republic

Oldřich Matouch

19 countries - area 2,5 million km2

Rabies control - legislation

In all countries studied: - Rabies is given appropriate attention - Rabies is a notifiable disease - National Reference Laboratory for Rabies established - Legislation in force for human and animal rabies

control and prevention - Enforcement by ministries of agriculture and health,

among others

Data reporting - No information about data reporting from Croatia,

Hungary, Moldova and Ukraine - 15 countries report monthly, 10 of those summarize

annually - All countries report electronically, 10 also on paper - Reports provided to OIE and WHO, among other

agencies - Quarterly reports provided to Rabies Bulletin Europe,

except Moldova

Rabies cases 2002-2006

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Albania

Belarus

Bosnia a Hercegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech Republic

Estonia

Finland

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

Macedonia

Moldova

Poland

Romania

Serbia a Montenegro

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Ukraine

Rabies cases 2002-2006 - total17

4187

284

64

2760

3

1930

1

469

2800

6477

0 73

1924

1220

908

550

30

8618

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Albania

Belarus

Bosnia a H

ercegovin

a

Bulgaria

Croatia

Czech

Republic

Estonia

Finland

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuan

ia

Macedon

ia

Moldova

Poland

Romania

Serbia

a Monteneg

ro

Slovak Rep

ublic

Slovenia

Ukraine

Rabies cases in dogs and cats 2002 -2006

0

200400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

dogs cats

Number of Animals Tested 2005Country Wildlife Domestic Total km2 No of

samples/100km2Albania 37 5 42 28748 0,15Belarus 663 720 1 383 25713 5,38Bosnia a Hercegovina 35 5 40 51129 0,08Bulgaria 18 104 122 110994 0,11Croatia 3787 837 4624 56538 8,18Czech Republic 8 761 794 9 555 78866 12,12Estonia 593 387 980 45100 2,17Finland 474 36 510 338145 0,15Hungary 5882 1100 6982 93031 7,51Latvia 2 427 374 2 801 64500 4,34Lithuania 2 098 1 108 3 206 65200 4,92Macedonia 1 2 3 25713 0,01Moldova 33700 0,00Poland 26 065 2 221 28 286 312683 9,05Romania 1 098 1 381 2 479 237500 1,04Serbia a Montenegro 100 254 354 102173 0,35Slovak Republic 1 903 686 2 589 49035 5,28Slovenia 1 404 202 1 606 20251 7,93Ukraine 5021 3216 8237 603700 1,36Total 60367 13432 73799 2342719 3,15

Number of Animals Cases 2005Country Wildlife Domestic Total km2 No of

cases/100km2Albania 2 0 2 28748 0,01Belarus 442 149 591 25713 2,30Bosnia a Hercegovina 30 6 36 51129 0,07Bulgaria 4 4 8 110994 0,01Croatia 525 32 557 56538 0,99Czech Republic 0 0 0 78866 0,00Estonia 229 37 266 45100 0,59Finland 0 0 0 338145 0,00Hungary 7 2 9 93031 0,01Latvia 353 68 421 64500 0,65Lithuania 1 312 340 1 652 65200 2,53Macedonia 25713 0,00Moldova 33700 0,00Poland 98 36 134 312683 0,04Romania 354 176 530 237500 0,22Serbia a Montenegro 84 17 101 102173 0,10Slovak Republic 46 4 50 49035 0,10Slovenia 3 0 3 20251 0,01Ukraine 959 1152 2111 603700 0,35Total 4448 2023 6471 2342719 0,28

Number of Animals Tested 2006Country Wildlife Domestic Total km2 No of

samples/100km2Albania 68 6 74 28748 0,26Belarus 1432 1213 2645 25713 10,29Bosnia a Hercegovina 59 13 72 51129 0,14Bulgaria 9 149 158 110994 0,14Croatia 2738 727 3465 56538 6,13Czech Republic 7 330 597 7927 78866 10,05Estonia 229 246 475 45100 1,05Finland 534 20 554 338145 0,16Hungary 6806 846 7652 93031 8,23Latvia 1 417 357 1774 64500 2,75Lithuania 2 232 1 548 3780 65200 5,80Macedonia 2 4 6 25713 0,02Moldova 0 33700 0,00Poland 24 662 2 138 26800 312683 8,57Romania 974 944 1918 237500 0,81Serbia a Montenegro 333 214 547 102173 0,54Slovak Republic 3 735 506 4241 49035 8,64Slovenia 1 734 161 1895 20251 9,36Ukraine 5334 2754 8088 603700 1,34Total 59628 12443 72071 2342719 3,08

Number of Animals Cases 2006Country Wildlife Domestic Total km2 No of

cases/100km2Albania 5 4 9 28748 0,03Belarus 1136 363 1 499 25713 5,83Bosnia a Hercegovina 60 8 68 51129 0,13Bulgaria 4 6 10 110994 0,01Croatia 516 49 565 56538 1,00Czech Republic 0 0 0 78866 0,00Estonia 101 13 114 45100 0,25Finland 0 0 0 338145 0,00Hungary 2 1 3 93031 0,00Latvia 384 88 472 64500 0,73Lithuania 1 883 349 2 232 65200 3,42Macedonia 0 0 0 25713 0,00Moldova 33700 0,00Poland 59 19 78 312683 0,02Romania 219 74 293 237500 0,12Serbia a Montenegro 116 3 119 102173 0,12Slovak Republic 4 0 4 49035 0,01Slovenia 2 0 2 20251 0,01Ukraine 982 1038 2020 603700 0,33Total 5473 2015 7488 2342719 0,32

Animal species participation on the rabies cases 2005

Dog10%

Cat11%

Other domest.10%

Fox50%

Racoon dog14%

Other wild.5%

Animal species participation on the rabies cases 2006

Dog10%

Cat9%

Other domest.8%

Fox50%

Other wild.5%

Racoon dog18%

Bat rabies cases 2002-2006

Country 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 TotalCzech Republic 0 0 0 1 0 1Poland 5 0 10 4 4 23Ukraine 1 0 1 2 0 4Total 6 0 11 7 4 28

Bat rabies tested 2005-2006Country Tested 2005 Positive 2005 Tested 2006 Positive 2006Albania 10 43Belarus 0 0Bosnia a Hercegovina 0 0Bulgaria 0 0Croatia 0 0Czech Republic 35 1 12Estonia 1 1Finland 1 1Hungary 4 10Latvia 0 0Lithuania 0 1Macedonia 0 0Moldova 0 0Poland 85 4 118 4Romania 0 0Serbia a Montenegro 0 1Slovak Republic 2 14Slovenia 2 0Ukraine 4 2 7Total 144 7 208 4

Rabies cases - 2003Rabies cases - 2003

Rabies cases - 2004Rabies cases - 2004

Rabies cases - 2005Rabies cases - 2005

Rabies cases - 2006Rabies cases - 2006

Rabies in humans

- Only 12 countries provided data concerning post exposure immunization

- In those countries, 41,018 people received post exposure treatment in 2005

- 26,466 people were vaccinated in 2006- Cell culture rabies vaccines are used in all countries- Immunoglobulin (ERIG or HRIG) is used for category III

exposure

- Rabies in humans is rare- All participating countries claim adequate diagnostic capacity- All countries have public education programs- During 2005 no cases of human rabies- During 2006, the Republic of Belarus reported 2 human cases

Post exposure treatment

Exposure immunization

CountryNumber of persons

2005Number of persons

2006cell culture

vaccineERIG HZIGavailability

Albania 100 180 X XBelarus 14617 5433 X XBosnia a Hercegovina X XBulgariaCroatiaCzech Republic 611 367 X XEstonia 1432 1366 X XFinland 26 21 X XHungaryLatvia 5342 4955 X XLithuania 7786 5783 X XMacedonia 127 114 X XMoldovaPoland 7755 7509 X XRomaniaSerbia a Montenegro 1445 X XSlovak Republic 1041 738 X XSlovenia 736 X XUkraineTotal 41018 26466

Vaccination of domestic animals

- 12 countries answering the OIE questionnaire require rabies vaccination of dogs in their entire territories

- Vaccination in restricted areas is required in Albania - Finland only requires vaccination of hunting dogs - 10 countries have a governmental rabies vaccination

programs for dogs - Vaccination of cats is obligatory in 10 countries - Rabies vaccination is voluntary for other animals such

as cattle, sheep, and horses

Vaccination of domestic animalsCountry

Compulsorywhole country

Compulsoryrestricted areas Dog Cat Cattle Sheep Horse

Albania nd x x x 0 0 0Belarus x nd x x 0 0 0Bosnia a Hercegovina x nd x 0 0 0 0Bulgaria x x x x x xCroatia nd nd nd nd nd nd ndCzech Republic x nd x 0 0 0 0Estonia x nd x x 0 0 0Finland x nd x 0 0 0 0Hungary nd nd nd nd nd nd ndLatvia x nd x x 0 0 0Lithuania x nd x x 0 0 0Macedonia x nd x x 0 0 0Moldova nd nd nd nd nd nd ndPoland x nd x 0 0 0 0Romania x nd x 0 0 0 0Serbia a Montenegro x nd x x 0 0 0Slovak Republic x nd x x 0 0 0Slovenia x nd x x 0 0 0Ukraine nd nd nd nd nd nd nd

x - compulsory0 - voluntarynd - no data

Dog population structure• Only 4 countries provided quantitative data concerning

dogs• 10 countries provided the number of dogs vaccinated

yearly• 5,160,000 in 2005• 4,600,000 in 2006

• Vaccination coverage varies between 75 and 95 %• Precise data concerning dog population structure is not

available in most countries; the proportion of registered dogs and free-roaming or stray dogs is not tracked

• Only the Czech Republic and Finland report nearly 100% dog registration, without any incidence of strays

• Serbia and Montenegro reporting populations with 3% roaming, and 14% stray dogs

Rabies control in wildlifeCountry Number of

compaignsOV area km2

2005OV area km2

2006OV area km2

2007TTC %2005

TTC %2006

baits 2005

per km2

baits 2006

per km2

baits 2007

per km2

Albania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Belarus 2 9600 5800 100000 20 20 20Bosnia a Hercegovina nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndBulgaria nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndCroatia nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndCzech Republic 2 59390 26054 25000 66 71 25 30.6 30Estonia 2 25540 45227 45227 65.6 88.9 20 20 20Finland 2 4000 4000 4000 nd nd 18-20 18-20 18-20Hungary nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndLatvia 2 28000 64589 64589 54 84 23 25 25Lithuania 2 nd 65000 65000 nd 52.2 nd 20 20Macedonia nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndMoldova nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndPoland 2 281747 281747 281747 85.5 nd 20 20 20Romania nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndSerbia a Montenegro nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd ndSlovak Republic 2 33153 33153 33153 68.7 75.9 26 26 26Slovenia 2 14000 14000 14000 62.8 78.1 26 26 26Ukraine nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd

I can’t wait for that bait!