The Relationship Between Adult Criminality and Childhood [New]

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University of Perpetual Help System DALTA

Calamba CampusChapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

The crime rate in the Philippines declined by 6.44 percent in the first

quarter of 2008 according to the Philippines National Police as reported in the

Philippine Daily Inquirer (Papa, 2008). But criminality nationwide increased by 63

percent in 2009 compared to the previous year. According to PNP spokesman

Chief Superintendent Leonardo Espina, the figure does not necessarily reflect a

worsening crime situation, but is actually the product of more efficient and

accurate crime reporting under the Integrated Transformation Program to

develop more efficient police systems and procedures (Philippine Star, 2010).

Crimes happening in the country are inevitable, although, there may be a

decrease in some situations; still, it happens to different persons and at different

setting. Criminality has stemmed from different sources; sometimes influenced

by peers, or stumble upon the complex relationship between nature of the

individual and the influence of the persons environment. It could be innate or that

it is a direct result of poverty or unemployment. Whatever the point of view, it is

clear that home background and childhood background and experiences is a

major influence, one which includes the relationships and the style of the

upbringing as well as the circumstances.

Adults childhood experiences always affect their present behaviour

according to Cullingford and Morrison (2007). The behaviour that the adult show

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Calamba Campusat present is shaped by whether they were received love and attention or

mistreated. With this, the home had posed a major role in moulding an individual

in a way what he should be. But how can this be, if the home that should protect

the person become the source of bad experiences when the parents has no

concern of their children, hostile to them, with poor parenting style and expose

their children to uncomfortable and delinquent environment.

With this, the researcher become interested in conducting this research

about the relationship of adult criminality and childhood experiences, to

determine the experiences that mostly influence the criminals in having bad

behavior that brings them to act waywardly. The offenders may have different

terrible experiences when they were still children, but which among them have

influenced them much.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted at the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

(BJMP) Detention Center in Turbina, Calamba City where different detainees

who have sentenced of different criminality are being jailed. Criminals who are

now in BJMP in Turbina Calamba City were able to commit different crimes from

which the researchers are finding connection with their own experiences at home

and in the place they grew up.

The researchers traced the offenders family background such as parents

educational attainment, economic status, family size, birth order, and parental

absence as well as their experiences like family conflict, economic deprivation,

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Calamba Campussevere punishment and bullying, physical abuse, rejection and lack of

supervision. It is also the desire of the study to verify if these factors have

influenced the criminals to be engaged in childhood disruptive behaviour which

eventually make them commit criminal acts.

It is for this reason that the researchers have conducted this study to find

out the relationship of these experiences to the criminal activities to which they

engaged in.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to determine the relationship of adult criminality and their

childhood experiences among offenders at the Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology at Turbina, Calamba City.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following specific problems:

1. What is the profile of the respondents according to:

1.1Age

1.2Gender

1.3Civil status

1.4Birth order

1.5Educational attainment

1.6Mothers educational attainment

1.7Fathers educational attainment

1.8Living with whom during childhood

1.9Members of the family

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Calamba Campus1.10 Economic status

1.11 Crime committed

2. How did the respondents spend their childhood days in terms of the

following:

2.1Family relationship

2.2Relationship with relatives

2.3Relationship with other people

2.4Childhood behaviour

3. How is the criminality of the offenders related to their childhood

experiences?

HYPOTHESES

Criminality of the offenders is significantly related to their childhood

experiences.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study intended to determine the relationship between adults

criminality and their childhood experiences, with the detainees at the BJMP at

Turbina, Calamba City as the respondents of the study considering their profile

such as their age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, economic status,

birth order, educational attainment of both father and mother, number of family

members, living with whom during childhood and crimes committed. Furthermore,

this study also wanted to find out the offenders childhood experiences such as

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Calamba Campusrelationship within the family, relationship with other relatives and other people

and if there is any childhood disruptive behaviour among.

The researchers also conducted this study during the first week August,

2012. However, this study was limited to childhood experiences, excluding their

present experiences.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study about the adults criminality and its relationship to other factors

and to the offenders childhood experiences is expected to be beneficial to the

following:

Parents. The result may give them insights on they should raise their children to

become good citizens and God-fearing.

Curriculum Planner. This study may be considered in revisiting present

curriculum to include and reiterate good values among students and they should

continue to become good individuals.

Teachers. Teachers are considered second parents and they must be partners

of the parents in making the students to be transformed into individuals who will

be intellectually good as well as conscientious citizens and God-fearing.

Barangay Chairman. The Barangay chairman may have the desire to help his

constituents to have families who are bound together and with members who are

good individuals and of help in the community and not a burden through giving

parenting seminars within the community so that those who are not properly

nurturing their children will be corrected.

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Calamba CampusCriminology students. The result of this study may help them understand that

offenders were able to commit crimes because of their bad experiences during

childhood and understand them when they happen to work in BJMP and

government agencies where they will meet criminals and they should not be

judgmental among criminals.

Future researchers. This study may serve as a guide and source of data to

those who will have further studies related to this topic.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study is based on violence theories such as socio-biological,

social learning, subcultural, and patriarchal theories. The socio-biological theories

are used to explain rape, child abuse, infanticide, and other forms of domestic

violence (Alexander, 2004). These explanations of intimate violence are based

on the inclusive fitness theory which postulates that individuals will behave in

ways to increase the probability that their genes will be transmitted to future

generations. There are, indeed, associations between cases of child abuse and

paternal uncertainty, handicapped or stepchild status, and among poor families

when the allocations of limited resources require the hierarchal ranking of

offspring.

By contrast, the social learning or socio-cultural theories of violence, of

which the sub-cultural and patriarchal theories are simply a variation of, are less

about nature than they are about nurture. These explanations of aggression and

violence address issues of gender-centric attitudes and maintain that these

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Calamba CampusCalamba City. The researcher used different statistical treatment to come up with

the proper conclusion and interpretation.

The output of the study consisted of the relationship of the adult

criminality and their childhood experiences.

CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

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A. Profile of therespondents

*Age

*Gender

*Civil Status

*Educational

attainment

*Birth order

*Economic

status

*Parents

educational

attainment

*Number of

family members

*Family memberinvolvement in

Survey

Questionnaire

Statistical

Treatment

Relationship

between Adult

Criminality

and Their

Childhood

Experiences


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Calamba Campus

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms were defined operationally for better understanding of

the study:

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. This is the government agency

from which the prisoners who have committed criminal acts are being jailed and

where they would spent their punishment.

Crime. It is the breach of rules orlaws for which some governing authority can

ultimately prescribe a conviction. Crimes may also result

incautions, rehabilitation or be unenforced.

Criminality. These refers to the criminals acts and offenses committed by those

who are now imprisoned.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_cautionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_(penology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unenforcedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_cautionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_(penology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unenforced


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Calamba CampusCriminals. These are people who have committed different crimes and those

who are jailed in BJMP Turbina, Calamba City.

Childhood experiences. This refers to the different experiences that the

criminals have experiences during their childhood which influenced them to

become criminals.

Disruptive Behavior. These are the different bad behaviour that the person

have shown as a result of the bad experiences they had.

Offenders. They are also called criminals.

Physical abuse. Physical abuse consists of anything does to a person that

causes physical pain. If a person has slapped, pinched, punched, thrown things

at him or assaulted with a weapon, he is a victim ofdomestic abuse.

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Criminal behavior has always been a focus for psychologists due to the

age old debate between nature and nurture. It IS the responsibility of an

individual's genetic makeup that makes them a criminal or is it the environment in

which they are raised that determines their outcome Research has been

conducted regarding this debate which has resulted in a conclusion that both

genes and environment do play a role in the criminality of an individual. This

evidence has been generated from a number of twin, family, and adoption

studies as well as laboratory experiments. Furthermore, the research has stated

that it is more often an interaction between genes and the environment that

predicts criminal behavior. Having a genetic predisposition for criminal behavior

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http://divorcesupport.about.com/od/abusiverelationships/a/abusehub.htmhttp://divorcesupport.about.com/od/abusiverelationships/a/abusehub.htm


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Calamba Campusdoes not determine the actions of an individual, but if they are exposed to the

right environment, then their chances are greater for engaging in criminal or anti-

social behavior. Therefore, this paper will examine the different functions that

genetics and the environment play in the criminal behavior of individuals (Jones,

2008).

To fully understand the nature of how genes and the environment

influence criminal behavior, one must first know how criminal behavior is defined.

Law in the society is defined by social and legal institutions, not in biology

(Morley & Hall, 2003). Therefore determining what constitutes criminal behavior

can envelope a wide variety of activities and for that reason, researchers tend to

focus on the wider context of antisocial behavior. Authors Morley and Hall (2003),

who have investigated the genetic influences on criminal behavior, point out three

different ways to define antisocial behavior. First is equating it with criminality and

delinquency, which both involve engaging in criminal acts. Criminality can lead to

arrest, conviction, or incarceration for adults, while delinquency is related to

juveniles committing unlawful acts (Rhee & Waldman, 2002). Information can be

collected using court and criminal records, as well as self report surveys to

analyze the influences that were present. Secondly, they advise individuals to

define antisocial behavior is through criteria used to diagnose certain personality

disorders. More specifically, they mean those personality disorders, such as

Antisocial Personality Disorder, which is associated with an increased risk in

criminal activity. A final measure suggested for defining antisocial behavior is by

examining personality traits that may be influential in the criminal behavior of

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Calamba Campusindividuals. Traits such as aggressiveness and impulsivity are two traits that have

been investigated the most (Morley & Hall, 2003).

There has been great debate between researchers regarding the

outcomes of twin, adoption, and family studies. Some claim that these studies

support the notion of a genetic basis to criminal behavior (Tehrani & Mednick,

2000). On the other hand, some have concluded that there is not enough

evidence from these twin, family, and adoption studies to profess that genetics do

play a role in antisocial or criminal behavior (Lowenstein, 2003). Twin studies are

conducted on the basis of comparing monozygotic (MZ) or identical twins and

their rates of criminal behavior with the rates of criminal behavior of dizygotic

(DZ) or fraternal twins. Ordinarily these studies are used to assess the roles of

genetic and environmental influences. If the outcomes of these twin studies show

that there is a higher concordance rate for MZ twins than for DZ twins in criminal

behavior, then it can be assumed that there is a genetic influence (Tehrani &

Mednick, 2000). A study conducted looked at thirty two MZ twins reared apart,

who had been adopted by a non-relative a short time after birth. The results

showed that for both childhood and adult antisocial behavior, there was a high

degree of heritability involved (Joseph, 2001). This study was of particular

importance because it examined the factor of separate environments. Another

researcher studied eighty-five MZ and one hundred and forty-seven DZ pairs and

found that there was a higher concordance rate for the MZ pairs. Ten years later

after checking police records of these same twins, two other researchers

concluded that there was a fifty-four percent heritability of liability to crime

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Calamba Campus(Joseph, 2001). Around the same time of the study just mentioned, two

researchers studied forty-nine MZ and eighty-nine DZ pairs, but found no

difference in the concordance rates. They concluded therefore that in respect to

common crime, hereditary factors are of little significance (Joseph, 2001).

Adoption studies are critical in examining the relationship that exists

between adopted children and both their biological and adoptive parents because

they assume to separate nature and nurture. Studies have been conducted that

test for the criminal behavior of the adopted-away children, if their biological

parents had also been involved with criminal activity. In Iowa, the first adoption

study was conducted that looked at the genetics of criminal behavior. The

researchers found that as compared to the control group, the adopted individuals,

which were born to incarcerated female offenders, had a higher rate of criminal

convictions as adults. Therefore this evidence supports the existence of a

heritable component to antisocial or criminal behavior (Tehrani & Mednick, 2000).

Another study in Sweden also showed that if a biological background existed for

criminality, then there was an increased risk of criminal behavior in the adopted

children. In Denmark, one of the largest studies of adopted children was

conducted and found similar results to the previous studies. The defining feature

of the Denmark study was that the researchers found a biological component for

criminal acts against property, but not for violent crimes (Joseph, 2001). Children

whose biological fathers had been convicted of property crimes were more likely

to engage in similar behavior, when compared to those biological fathers who

had been convicted of violent crimes. According to an article by Jay Joseph

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Calamba Campus(2001), who studied all of the minor and major adoption studies, the majority of

researchers have found and agreed upon the non-significance of genes in violent

crime. This re-establishes the findings from the studies mentioned already in that

there may be a genetic component to antisocial behavior or that genes influence

criminal behavior, but specifically for property offenses.

Family studies are the third type of instrument used to assess the relationship

between genetics and environmental influences on criminal or antisocial

behavior. Research in this field has probably been the least accepted by

psychologists and other scholars because of the degree of difficulty in separating

out nature and nurture in the family environment. Children experience both the

influence of their parents' genes and also the environment in which they are

raised, so it is difficult to assign which behaviors were influenced by the two

factors.

Moreover, personality traits and disorders have recently become essential

in the diagnosis of individuals with antisocial or criminal behavior. These traits

and disorders do not first become evident when an individual is an adult, rather

these can be seen in children. For that reason it seems logical to discuss those

personality disorders that first appear in childhood. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and Oppositional Defiance Disorder

(ODD) are three of the more prominent disorders that have been shown to have

a relationship with later adult behavior (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001).

ODD is characterized by argumentativeness, noncompliance, and

irritability, which can be found in early childhood (Holmes et al., 2001). When a

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Calamba Campuschild with ODD grows older, the characteristics of their behavior also change and

more often for the worse. They start to lie and steal, engage in vandalism,

substance abuse, and show aggression towards peers (Holmes et al., 2001).

Frequently ODD is the first disorder that is identified in children and if sustained

can lead to the diagnosis of CD (Morley & Hall, 2003). It is important to note

however that not all children who are diagnosed with ODD will develop CD.

ADHD is associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity and the inability to keep

attention focused on one thing (Morley & Hall, 2003). Holmes et al. (2001) states

that, impulse control dysfunction and the presence of hyperactivity and

inattention are the most highly related predisposing factors for presentation of

antisocial behavior. They also point to the fact that children diagnosed with

ADHD have the inability to analyze and anticipate consequences or learn from

their past behavior. Children with this disorder are at risk of developing ODD and

CD, unless the child is only diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), in

which case their chances of developing ODD or CD are limited. The future for

some children is made worse when ADHD and CD are co-occurring because

they will be more likely to continue their antisocial tendencies into adulthood

(Holmes et al., 2001).

Conduct Disorder is characterized with an individual's violation of societal

rules and norms (Morley & Hall, 2003). As the tendencies or behaviors of those

children who are diagnosed with ODD or ADHD worsen and become more

prevalent, the next logical diagnosis is CD. What is even more significant is the

fact that ODD, ADHD, and CD are risk factors for developing Antisocial

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Calamba CampusPersonality Disorder (ASPD). This disorder can only be diagnosed when an

individual is over the age of eighteen and at which point an individual shows

persistent disregard for the rights of others (Morley & Hall, 2003). ASPD has

been shown to be associated with an increased risk of criminal activity.

Therefore, it is of great importance that these early childhood disorders are

correctly diagnosed and effectively treated to prevent future problems.

Another critical aspect that must be examined regarding antisocial or

criminal behavior is the personality characteristics of individuals. Two of the most

cited personality traits that can be shown to have an association with antisocial or

criminal behavior are impulsivity and aggression (Morley & Hall, 2003). ). He also

added that singles are more prone to criminal behaviour because of lack of

person with whom a person may confide. According to the article written by

Holmes et al. (2001), antisocial behavior between the ages of nine and fifteen

can be correlated strongly with impulsivity and that aggression in early childhood

can predict antisocial acts and delinquency. One statistic shows that between

seventy and ninety percent of violent offenders had been highly aggressive as

young children (Holmes et al., 2001). These personality traits have, in some

research, been shown to be heritable.

Thus, far it has been established through research and various studies

that genetics do influence criminal or antisocial behavior. Researchers agree on

the point that genes influence personality traits and disorders, such as the ones

just mentioned. However, researchers also agree that there is an environmental

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Calamba Campuscomponent that needs to be examined. Environmental influences such as family

and peers will be discussed, as well as a look into the social learning theory.

The family environment is critical to the upbringing of a child and if

problems exist then the child is most likely to suffer the consequences. It can be

seen the problems associated with a child who is diagnosed with ADHD and how

that can influence antisocial or criminal behavior. In relation to that, some

researchers have claimed that it is the family environment that influences the

hyperactivity of children (Schmitz, 2003). The researchers in this article

specifically identify family risk factors as poverty, education, parenting practices,

birth order and family structure. Prior research on the relationship between family

environment and child behavior characterizes a child's well being with a positive

and caring parent-child relationship, a stimulating home environment, and

consistent disciplinary techniques (Schmitz, 2003). Families with poor

communication and weak family bonds have been shown to have a correlation

with children's development of aggressive/criminal behavior (Garnefski & Okma,

2006). Therefore it seems obvious to conclude that those families who are less

financially sound, perhaps have more children, and who are unable to

consistently punish their children will have a greater likelihood of promoting an

environment that will influence antisocial or delinquent behavior. Another

indicator of future antisocial or criminal behavior is that of abuse or neglect in

childhood. A statistic shows that children are at a fifty percent greater risk of

engaging in criminal acts, if they were neglected or abused (Holmes et al., 2001).

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Calamba CampusThis has been one of the most popular arguments as to why children develop

antisocial or delinquent behaviors.

One additional research finding in the debate between genetic and

environmental influences on antisocial or criminal behavior has to deal with the

age of the individual. Research seems consistent in recognizing that heritability

influences adult behavior more than environmental influences, but that for

children and adolescents the environment is the most significant factor

influencing their behavior (Rhee & Waldman, 2002). As an adult, we have the

ability to choose the environment in which to live and this will either positively or

negatively reinforce our personality traits, such as aggressiveness. However,

children and adolescents are limited to the extent of choosing an environment,

which accounts for the greater influence of environmental factors in childhood

behaviors.

Another significant factor in the development of antisocial or delinquent

behavior in adolescence is peer groups. Garnefski and Okma (2006) state that

there is a correlation between the involvement in an antisocial or delinquent peer

group and problem behavior. One of the primary causes as to why this occurs

can be traced back to aggressive behavior in young children. When children are

in preschool and show aggressive tendencies towards their peers, they will likely

be deemed as an outcast. This creates poor peer relationships and relegates

those children to be with others who share similar behaviors. A relationship like

this would most likely continue into adolescence and maybe even further into

adulthood. The similar tendencies of these individuals create an environment in

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Calamba Campuswhich they influence one another and push the problem towards criminal or

violent behavior (Holmes et al., 2001).

Social learning theory has been cited as way to explain how the

environment can influence a child's behavior. Using this theory to explain the

aggressive or antisocial behavior of a child means that a child observes

aggressive behavior between parents, siblings, or both. As a result, the children

believes that this aggressive behavior is normal and can therefore use it

themselves because they do not see the harm in acting similar to their parents

(Miles & Carey, 2007). As stated earlier, interaction between family members and

disciplinary techniques are influential in creating antisocial behavior. Using the

social learning theory these two factors are also critical in the development of

aggression. Children who are raised in an aggressive family environment would

most likely be susceptible to experiencing a lack of parental monitoring,

permissiveness or inconsistency in punishment, parental rejection and

aggression. The exposure to such high levels of aggression and other

environmental factors greatly influences and reinforces a child's behavior. A

significant point that should be known however is the fact that other research has

supported the notion that genetics do influence levels of aggression, which

stands in opposition to the social learning theory (Miles & Carey, 2007).

Furthermore, Jones (2002) addressed how both genes and environment

affect the outcomes and predispositions of criminals. This paper goes into great

detail on whether criminal behavior is in a person's genes or environment. Having

a genetic predisposition for criminal behavior and the right environment can

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Calamba Campusdefinitely increase the likelihood of criminal activity. Jones took criminal behavior

further to describe actions relating to antisocial behavior. This identification of an

antisocial personality with criminal behavior leads to the idea that criminal

mischief is more prevalent in males. Although the justice system is heavily loaded

with male criminals, women are still part of the criminal "world."

It has been determined that men are much more physically violent than

women. A few points are essential when discussing women and violence. First,

women should not be entirely eliminated from the spectrum of criminality just

because of their smaller predisposition toward aggression. Second, women are

just as capable as men of committing a violent act. Jones discussed how certain

neurochemicals are associated with criminal behavior. These neurochemicals

might be more active in men, but women can still grow up in environments in

which certain tendencies are brought on.

Family environment is crucial in the development of a child's brain and

personality. Genetics can only go so far, and environment works to shape a

child's mind after the child has left a mother's womb. Jones discussed how poor

communication and weak family bonds are correlated with the development of

aggressive and criminal tendencies. She also mentioned how a financially

unstable family and child abuse or neglect are associated with criminal behavior.

Parents educational qualification also influenced childs behaviour because being

educated is also learning how to teach proper behaviour to the children.

Environment is important for a child to grow and develop into a normal,

prospering adult. Without proper nurturance, guidance, and support, no child,

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Calamba Campusmale or female, will learn coping strategies, learn life skills, or grow up with a

strong sense of right and wrong and respect other people. Whether one is male

or female, growing up in an environment in which one is beaten or neglected is

going to cause serious traumatic repercussions. The aggressive tendencies in

males lead them to become more aggressive in adulthood, which in turn is why

they are more apt to commit violent crimes. Yet women have been known to

commit those same violent crimes, regardless of the prevalence relative to

males--women are capable of criminal behavior. Men have committed more

crimes and are known to be more violent, yet women should not be eliminated

from the discussion. It has not been shown that genes or environment alone

determine criminal behavior, as Jones mentioned in her paper, so there should

be no reason why only men are mentioned, whether directly or by implication.

CHAPTER II

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Calamba CampusRESEARCH MTHODOLOGY

This chapter dealt on the research method and design, respondents of the

study, sampling design, validation of the instrument, procedure of data gathering,

instrument of the study and statistical treatment of the study.

Research Design

The researchers used of the descriptive method research since this study

identifies the criminal actions of the offenders as well as their profile and their

childhood experiences.

Descriptive research dealt with techniques in collecting, organizing and

describing facts called data. The researcher applied this method in an attempt to

examine and interpret the view of respondents on this research. According to

Vizcarra (2003), descriptive design is the most commonly used method in

educational research because it is the most appropriate and useful in obtaining

the prevailing status or condition of the problem which are essential in

understanding the past and the future. Sanchez (1998) also added that

descriptive research includes all studies that have the purpose to present facts

concerning the nature and status of group of persons which one may wish to

study.

Respondents of the study

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Calamba CampusThe study utilized the 47 selected prisoners who were presently jailed at

the BJMP Turbina, Calamba City when the study was conducted.

Sampling design

The study employed purposive sampling since only those who were

imprisoned at BJMP Turbina, Calamba City were considered respondents of the

study.

Validation of the Instrument

The instrument that was used were validated among 10 persons who were

not part of the respondents to test its validity and reliability so that the outcome of

this study become acceptable.

Data Gathering Procedure

Like every research task, a permit to administer the survey questionnaire

was requested from the Jail Warden of the BJMP Turbina, Calamba City. The

researchers distributed each questionnaire to all respondents of the study with

the assurance of strict confidentiality in their responses . Then, after answering

the questionnaires, the researchers retrieved them afterwards. The data that

were gathered from the answered questionnaire was organized and treated

statistically.

Research Instrument

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Calamba CampusThe study made use of a self made questionnaire that was constructed by

the researchers with the help of their adviser. The survey questionnaire was

composed of two parts. Part one was regarding the respondents profile such as

age, gender, civil status, educational attainment, parents educational attainment,

birth order, economic status, living with whom, number of family members,

members of the family who committed crime and crimes committed.

Part two of the questionnaire was questions regarding their childhood

experiences in terms of their relationship with other family members, relationship

with relatives and other people and disruptive behaviour that they committed

which uses the following scale:

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

5 5.00 4.50 Never

4 4.49 3.50 Rarely

3 3.49 2.50 Sometimes

2 2.49 1.50 Often

1 1.49 1.00 Always

Statistical Treatment

This study utilized the following statistical treatment:

Percentage. This statistical tool was used to determine the part of respondents

belong to different categories. The formula is:

Percentage = f / N x 100 %

Where:

f = part of the whole respondents

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Calamba CampusN = the total number of respondents

Weighted Mean. This shall was to measure the frequency of occurrence of the

childhood experience of the respondents. The formula is:

X =_ f x N

Where:

X = weighted mean

f x = summation of the product of frequency and weightof

responses

N = total number of respondents

Pearson, r. This was used to test if childhood experiences is related to their

criminality. The formula is:

r = [ ][ ]2222 )()( YYNXXNYXXYN

Where:

X = childhood experiences

Y = criminality

Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

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Calamba CampusThis chapter shows the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data in

connection with the relationship of criminality to the childhood experiences of a

person.

Tables 1.1 1.11 illustrates the profile of respondents in terms of age,

gender, civil status, birth order, educational attainment, educational attainment of

father and mother, economic status, family members, living with whom during

childhood and crimes committed.

Table 1.1

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms of Age

Age Frequency Percentage, %

20 24 years old 13 27.6

25 29 years old 8 17.0

30 34 years old 16 34.0

35 39 years old 2 4.3

40 44 years old 1 2.1

45 49 years old 5 10.6

50 above years old 2 4.4

Total 47 100 %

The table presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to age. It is shown in the table that 16 or 34 percent of the

respondents are in age bracket of 30 34 years old while there is only one

respondent in the age bracket of 40 44 years old. It is noted that many of the

respondents are in ages 30 34 years old.

The inmate respondents are not too young nor too old, it cannot be said

that they are just influenced by other people when they committed the crime

because at this age, they are on their own because according to Rhee &

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Calamba CampusWaldman (2002), as an adult, people have the ability to choose the environment

in which to live and this will either positively or negatively reinforce their

personality traits, such as aggressiveness.

Table 1.2

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms of Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage, %

Male 47 100

Female 0 0

Total 47 100 %

The table shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to gender. It is indicated that all of the respondents are

male Because the study was conducted in the male prison because the

researchers were only allowed to conduct study in that particular cell.

It cannot be concluded that criminality is more prevalent to male than

female but there are articles that shows such premise. According to Jones

(2002), he took criminal behavior further to describe actions relating to antisocial

behavior. This identification of an antisocial personality with criminal behavior

leads to the idea that criminal mischief is more prevalent in males. Although the

justice system is heavily loaded with male criminals, women are still part of the

criminal "world."

Table 1.3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms of Civil

Status

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Calamba CampusCivil Status Frequency Percentage, %

Single 25 53.2

Married 18 38.3

Separated 4 8.5

Total 47 100 %

Table 1.3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to civil status. It is indicated from the result that 25 or 53.2

percent are singles, 18 or 38.3 percent are married and only four or 8.5 percent

are separated.

Majority of the respondents are still singles. According to Morley & Hall

(2003), another critical aspect that must be examined regarding antisocial or

criminal behavior is the personality characteristics of individuals. Two of the most

cited personality traits that can be shown to have an association with antisocial or

criminal behavior are impulsivity and aggression. He also added that singles are

more prone to criminal behaviour because of lack of person with whom a person

may confide.

Table 1.4

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms of Birth

Order

Birth Order Frequency Percentage, %

Youngest 8 17.0

2nd 14 29.8

3rd 10 21.3

4th 4 8.5

5th 2 4.3

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Calamba Campus6th 1 2.1

Eldest 8 17.0

Total 47 100 %

Table 1.4 indicates the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to birth order. It is suggested in the result that 14 or 29.8

percent of the respondents are second child while only one of them is 6 th child.

IT implies that more of them are second child. The birth order may seem

to influence their behaviour as stated by Schmitz (2003) when he said that in his

article specifically identify family risk factors as poverty, education, parenting

practices, birth order and family structure.

Table 1.5

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms ofEducational Attainment

Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage, %

Elementary

Undergraduate

3 6.5

Elementary Graduate 11 23.4

High SchoolUndergraduate

4 8.5

High School Graduate 16 34.0

Vocational 5 10.6

College Level 7 14.9

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Calamba CampusCollege Graduate 1 2.1

Total 47 100 %


respondents according to educational attainment. It is suggested in the result that

16 or 34 percent of them are high school graduate while only one of them is a

college graduate.

More than half of the respondents are high school graduate. It is

interesting to note that many of the inmates have finished their basic education.

There may be many factors affect them so that they were able to do criminal

acts. According to Jones (2008), many research has been conducted regarding

this issue of criminality which has resulted in a conclusion that both genes and

environment do play a role in the criminality of an individual.

Table 1.6

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms of MothersEducational Attainment

Mothers EducationalAttainment

Frequency Percentage, %

Elementary

Undergraduate

2 4.3



1 2.1



College Graduate 1 2.1

Total 47 100 %

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Table 1.6 illustrates the frequency and percentage distribution of

respondents according to mothers educational attainment. It is indicated in the

table that 27 or 57.5 percent of the respondents mothers are high school

graduates wile there is one of them who has a mother who have finished college

and another one is high school undergraduate.

Like the respondents themselves, majority of the mothers of the inmates

are also high school graduates. According to Jones (2002), family environment is

crucial in the development of a child's brain and personality.He discussed how

poor communication and weak family bonds are correlated with the development

of aggressive and criminal tendencies. Parents educational qualification also

influenced childs behaviour because being educated is also learning how to

teach proper behaviour to the children.

Table 1.7

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms of FathersEducational Attainment

Fathers EducationalAttainment

Frequency Percentage, %

ElementaryUndergraduate

2 4.3



1 2.1


Vocational 1 2.1


College Graduate 4 8.5

Total 47 100 %

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Table 1.7 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to fathers educational attainment. It is suggested in the

table that 24 or 51.1 percent of he respondents fathers are high school

graduates while only one of the respondents father is a vocational graduate and

another one os a high school undergraduate.

The result indicates that many of the respondents father are also high

school graduates like many of the respondents mothers. Just like what Jones

(2002) have mentioned about the relationship of parents educational qualification

with the criminality of the children. The parents who are taught of good values will

also share good values. They will also able to do proper nurturance, guidance,

and support, and teach children to learn coping strategies, learn life skills, or

grow up with a strong sense of right and wrong and respect other people.

Table 1.8

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms ofEconomic Status

Economic Status Frequency Percentage, %

Poor 22 46.8

Middle Class 21 44.7

Rich 4 8.5

Total 47 100 %


respondents according to economic status. It is indicated in the table that 22 or

46.8 percent of the respondents are poor, 21 or 44.7 percent are from middle

class while only four or 8.5 percent of them are rich.

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Calamba CampusMany of the respondents are from poor families. Garnefski & Okma (2006)

it seems to conclude that those families who are less financially sound, perhaps

have more children, and who are unable to consistently punish their children will

have a greater likelihood of promoting an environment that will influence

antisocial or delinquent behavior.

Table 1.9

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms of FamilyMembers

Family Members Frequency Percentage, %

1 3 1 2.14 6 18 38.4

7 9 17 36.2

10 13 8 17.0

14 above 3 6.3

Total 47 100 %

Table 1.9 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents in terms of family members. It is shown from the table that 18 or

38.4 percent of the respondents are 4- 6 members in the family, 17 or 36.2

percent are 7 9 in the family and only one of them are three in the family.

Just like what Garnefski & Okma, (2006) have mentioned in their article

families with more children will be unable to consistently punish their children will

likely to have poor communication and weak family bonds and so will have a

greater likelihood of promoting an environment that will influence antisocial or

delinquent behaviour.

Table 1.10

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Calamba CampusFrequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents In Terms of Living

with Whom

Living With Whom Frequency Percentage, %

Family 43 91.5

Grandparents 3 6.4

Brothers/Sisters 1 2.1

Total 47 100 %

The table illustrates the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to living with whom. It can be seen in the table that 43 or

91.5 percent of the respondents are living with their families and only of them

lives with brother/sister only.

The result shows that majority of the respondents are living with their

families. Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001) noted that family studies is an

instrument used to assess the relationship between genetics and environmental

influences on criminal or antisocial behavior. If problems exist then the child is

most likely to suffer the consequences (Schmitz, 2003) and child behavior

characterizes a child's well being with a positive and caring parent-child

relationship, a stimulating home environment, and consistent disciplinary

techniques (Schmitz, 2003).

Table 1.11

Crimes Committed

Crimes Committed Frequency Percentage, %

RA 9165 14 29.8Murder 1 2.1

Theft 8 17.1

Carnapping 1 2.1

Homicide 4 8.5

Rape 5 10.6

Criminal Charges 1 2.1

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Calamba CampusMurder 8 17.0

Frustrated Homicide 1 2.1

Attempted Murder 1 2.1

Attempted Faricide 1 2.1

Physical Injury 1 2.1

Illegal Possession ofFirearms

1 2.1

Total 47 100

The table presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to crimes committed. It is shown that 14 or 29.8 percent

of the respondents have committed a crime about drug related case or the RA

9165. It is interesting to note that many of the respondents have performed a

crime related to drugs. They may be get into such activity because of need since

many of them are from poor families. Schmitz (2003) recounted in his article

where he identify family risk factors as poverty, education, parenting practices,

and family structure.

Table 2

Respondents Childhood Experiences

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Childhood Experiences 5 4 3 2 1 TS WeightedMean

Interpretation Rank

A. Relationship with FamilyMembers

1.There is close family ties amongfamily members.

27 2 12 5 1 190 4.04 Rarely 9

2.Children within the family

experienced the love of theparents.

34 10 2 0 1 217 4.62 Never 2

3.The whole family spent timetogether.

22 8 17 0 0 193 4.11 Rarely 8

4.The children did not experiencetoo much punishment but haveexperience consideration andrewards from parents.

17 7 13 5 5 117 2.49 Rarely 10

5.Home became haven to allfamily members especially thechildren

27 12 6 1 1 204 4.34 Rarely 5.5

6.The children were not deprive oftheir needs.

22 19 6 0 0 204 4.34 Rarely 5.5

7.Parents were always fair to thechildren 30 14 2 1 0 218 4.64 Never 1

8. With full supervision fromparents

29 11 6 1 0 209 4.45 Rarely 3

9.Parents are not strict 25 12 6 1 3 196 4.17 Rarely 7

10.Parents have shownacceptance

29 12 4 1 1 208 4.43 Rarely 4

Over-all Weighted Mean 4.16 Rarely

B. Relationship with relatives

1.Receive acceptance from therelatives

16 10 16 2 3 135 2.87 Sometimes 4

2.Relatives had shown respect 18 10 16 2 1 183 3,89 Rarely 2

3.Protected by cousins and other

relatives

18 12 13 0 4 181 3.85 Rarely 3

4.Showed concern to you and yourfamily

20 12 9 4 2 185 3.94 Rarely 1


C. Relationship with others

1.Receieve respect from others 20 12 9 4 2 185 3.94 Rarely 2

2.No experience of bullying,abuse, and offensement fromothers

15 17 13 1 1 185 3.95 Rarely 1

3. No maltreatment from teachers,neighbours and from others.

13 10 13 2 9 157 3.34 Rarely 4

4.Experience joining of goodbarkada

13 9 11 6 8 158 3.26 Sometimes 5

5.Played with others ( not violentgames)

18 12 13 1 3 182 3.87 Rarely 3S


D. Childhood Behavior

1.Have shown cooperation withothers especially with playmates

18 12 13 3 1 184 3.91 Rarely 3

2.Did not show any disruptivebehaviour

19 13 10 3 2 185 3.94 Rarely 1.5

3.Behaved during familygatherings

18 13 13 1 2 185 3.94 Rarely 1.5

4.Go to church with the family 20 12 12 1 2 168 3.57 Rarely 4

5.Did not get mad when theirwants were not given

18 10 16 3 0 134 2.85 Sometimes 5

6.Could be easily persuaded to dogood things

13 12 19 2 1 175 3.72 Rarely



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Calamba CampusTable 2 presents the childhood experiences of the respondents. In terms

of their relationship with family members, parents were never fair to their children

as indicated by its weighted mean of 4.64. This result implies that they have

problems with the way they are treated with parents, they felt that they never

experience fair treatment. In shaping childrens behaviour love is important. . A

statistic shows that children are at fifty percent greater risk of engaging in

criminal acts, if they were neglected or abused (Holmes et al., 2001).

In terms of the respondents relationship with their relatives, the result

shows that their relatives rarely showed concern to them and to their families.

Research seems consistent in recognizing that heritability influences adult

behavior more than environment influences, but that for children and adolescents

the persons around as well as environment is the most significant factor

influencing their behavior (Rhee & Waldman, 2002).

In terms of relationship with others, the respondents said that they rarely

experience no bullying, abuse and offensement from others as shown by its

weighted mean of 3.95. It implies that they experience bullyng which may shaped

their character. According to Miles & Carey (2007), exposure to such high levels

of aggression and other environmental factors greatly influences and reinforces a

child's behavior.

In terms of childhood behaviour, the respondents recounts that they rarely

did not show disruptive behaviour and behaved during gatherings are shown by

its weighted mean of 3.94. It seems to be interesting that respondents are honest

in telling that they are not behaved during their childhood days. Garnefski and

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Calamba CampusOkma (2006) stated that one of the primary causes as to why criminality occurs

can be traced back to aggressive behavior in young children. When children are

in preschool and show aggressive tendencies towards their peers, they will likely

be deemed as an outcast. This creates poor peer relationships and relegates

those children to be with others who share similar behaviors.

Table 3

Correlation of Childhood Experiences and Criminality of Offenders

Variable Pearson, r Interpretation

Childhood Experiences andCriminality of Offenders

0.53 High Positive Correlation

Table 3 presents the correlation between the childhood experiences and

the criminality of the offenders. It is indicated in the table that the computed

Pearson, r value is 0-53 which indicates high positive correlation. It means that

inmates experiences in the past especially when they were children had relation

in being in the jail. Those experiences have influenced the respondents to

become engage in rude behaviour. According to Rhee & Waldman (2002),

personality traits may have influence in the criminal behavior of individuals.

These personality traits were influenced by the two factors, the family and the

environment (Joseph, 2001).

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Calamba Campus

Chapter 4

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter shows the summary of findings, conclusions and

recommendations about the criminality and its relations to the respondents

childhood experiences.

This study aimed to determine the relationship of adult criminality and their

childhood experiences among offenders at the Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology at Turbina, Calamba City.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following specific problems:

1. What is the profile of the respondents according to:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Civil status

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Calamba Campus1.4 Birth order

1.5 Educational attainment

1.6 Mothers educational attainment

1.7 Fathers educational attainment

1.8 Living with whom during childhood

1.9 Members of the family

1.10 Economic status

1.11 Crime committed

2. How did the respondents spend their childhood days in terms of the

following:

2.1 Family relationship

2.2 Relationship with relatives

2.3 Relationship with other people

2.4 Childhood behaviour

3. How is the criminality of the offenders related to their childhood

experiences?

Summary of Findings

Sixteen or 34 percent of the respondents are in age bracket of 30 34

years old while there is only one respondent in the age bracket of 40 44 years

old. All of the respondents are male Because the study was conducted in the

male prison because the researchers were only allowed to conduct study in that

particular cell. Twenty-five or 53.2 percent are singles, 18 or 38.3 percent are

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Calamba Campusmarried and only four or 8.5 percent are separated. Fourteen or 29.8 percent of

the respondents are second child while only one of them is 6 th child. Sixteen or

34 percent of them are high school graduate while only one of them is a college

graduate. Twenty-seven or 57.5 percent of the respondents mothers are high

school graduates wile there is one of them who has a mother who have finished

college and another one is high school undergraduate. Twenty-four or 51.1

percent of he respondents fathers are high school graduates while only one of

the respondents father is a vocational graduate and another one as a high

school undergraduate. Twenty-two or 46.8 percent of the respondents are poor,

21 or 44.7 percent are from middle class while only four or 8.5 percent of them

are rich. Twenty eight or 38.4 percent of the respondents are 4- 6 members in the

family, 17 or 36.2 percent are 7 9 in the family and only one of them are three

in the family. Forty-three or 91.5 percent of the respondents are living with their

families and only of them lives with brother/sister only. Fourteen or 29.8 percent

of the respondents have committed a crime about drug related case or the RA

9165.

In terms of childhood experiences of the respondents, when it speaks of

relationship of the respondents with family members, parents were never fair to

their children as indicated by its weighted mean of 4.64. In terms of the

respondents relationship with their relatives, the result shows that their relatives

rarely showed concern to them and to their families. In terms of relationship with

others, the respondents said that they rarely experience no bullying, abuse and

offensement from others as shown by its weighted mean of 3.95. In terms of

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Calamba Campuschildhood behaviour, the respondents recounts that they rarely did not show

disruptive behaviour and behaved during gatherings are shown by its weighted

mean of 3.94.

The computed Pearson, r value is 0-53 which indicates high positive

correlation. It means that inmates experiences in the past especially when they

were children had relation in being in the jail.

Conclusions

Based on the summary of findings, the following are the conclusions:

1. Many of the respondents are in ages 30 34 years old. The inmate

respondents are not too young nor too old, it cannot be said that they are

just influenced by other people when they committed the crime because at

this age, they are on their own. All inmates are male and mostly are

singles. More of them are second child and more than half of the

respondents are high school graduate. Moreover, the respondents

fathers and mothers are also high school graduates. Many of the

respondents are from poor families and mostly 4- 6 members in the family.

Majority of the respondents are living with their families and have

performed a crime related to drugs.

2. The result implies that they have problems with the way they are treated

with parents, they felt that they never experience fair treatment and their

relatives rarely showed concern to them and to their families. They

experience bullying , abuse and offensement from others which may

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Calamba Campusshaped their character. It seems to be interesting that respondents are

honest in telling that they are not behaved during their childhood days.

3. The inmates experiences in the past especially when they were children

had relation in being in the jail. Those experiences have influenced the

respondents to become engage in rude behaviour.

Recommendations

According to the summary of findings presented and the conclusions

drawn, the following are the recommendations:

1. Given the result of the profile of the respondents, the children of school

age must be religiously and continuously taught of good manners and right

conduct. The Barangay level is also suggested to create Barangay

ordinance about the importance of family and the role of the parents to

their children especially in proper rearing of their children and their role of

providing them with good education.

2. Parenting Seminars are also advised to be carried out in Barangay Hall

and in school.

3. There should also be genuine program and concern for the street children

so that they will be guided in the right living by the concerned agencies like

DSWD and local government units.

4. Jail Officers are also suggested to encourage religious group to help them

in the transformation of the inmates in the jail.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jones, D. Relationship Between Parenting Styles, Se;lf Restraint and PeerRelations in Early Adolence. London: Routledge and Regan Paul, .2008

Joseph, L., Over-time Changes in Adjustment and Competence Among Adolence

from Authoritative, Authoritatrian, Indulgent an Neglectful Families ,London: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,2001

Holmes, K., Slaughter, T. & Kashani, R., The Impcat of Family Disruption inChildhood on Transition Made in Young Adult Life London: Falmer., 2001

Holmes, M. et al., Explaining Deliquency and Drugs Use. Beveryly Hills, CA:Sage. 2001

Garnefski, B. & Okma, S. Crime and the Family. London: Family Policy Studies,2006

Lowenstein, L., Criminal Behavior: A Psychological Approach to Explanation andPrevention. London: Falmer, 2003

Miles, C. & Carey, D., Relation of Parental Transitions to Boys AdjustmentProblems, Development Psychology, 2007

Morley, L. & Hall, J., Families and Deliquency: A Meta-analysis of the Impact ofBroken Homes, Social Problems, 2003

Rhee, J. & Waldman, L., Developmental Changes Through Adolescence in the

Spontaneous Nomination of Reference Groups as a Function of DecisionContent, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2002

Schmitz, R., Development of Juvenile Aggression and Violence: Somemisconceptions and Controversies. American Psychologist, 2003

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Calamba Campus

Survey Questionnaire

Dear Respondents,

We, the Fourth Year BS Criminology students, are conducting our

undergraduate thesis about the relationship between the adult criminality andtheir childhood experiences. In this connection, we are asking your cooperation

by answering this questionnaire honestly.

We are looking forward for your favourable response. Thank you very

much.

Respectfully yours,

_______________

_______________

_______________

Part One. Profile of the Respondents

Age: ____________ Gender: ________________

Civil Status: _________________ Birth Order: ______________

Educational Attainment: _____________________________

Mothers Educational Attainment : _______________________________

Fathers Educational Attainment : _______________________________

Economic Status : _____________________________________

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Calamba CampusNumber of Family Members: _____________________________

Living with whom during childhood:

______________________________________

Crime Committed:____________________________________________________

Part Two: Childhood Experiences

Direction: Answer the question by checking the number that corresponds to your

answer using the scale below:

Scale Verbal Interpretation

5 Never

4 Rarely

3 Sometimes

2 Often

1 Always

Childhood Experiences 5 4 3 2 1

A. Relationship with Family Members

1.There is close family ties among family members.

2.Children within the family experienced the love ofthe parents.

3.The whole family spent time together.

4.The children did not experience too muchpunishment but have experience consideration andrewards from parents.

5.Home became haven to all family membersespecially the children

6.The children were not deprive of their needs.

7.Parents were always fair to the children

8. With full supervision from parents

9.Parents are not strict

10.Parents have shown acceptance

B. Relationship with relatives

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Calamba Campus1.Receive acceptance from the relatives

2.Relatives had shown respect

3.Protected by cousins and other relatives

4.Showed concern to you and your family

C. Relationship with others

1.Receieve respect from others

2.No experience of bullying, abuse, and offensementfrom others

1. No maltreatment from teachers, neighboursand from others.

4.Experience joining of good barkada

5.Played with others ( not violent games)

D. Childhood Behavior

1.Have shown cooperation with others especiallywith playmates

2.Did not show any disruptive behaviour3.Behaved during family gatherings

4.Go to church with the family

5.Did not get mad when their wants were not given

6.Could be easily persuaded to do good things

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Calamba CampusSurvey Questionnaire

(Filipino)

Minamahal na Tagapagsagot,

Kami, na mga Fourth Year BS Criminology, ay kasalukuyan gumagawa n

gaming thesis tungkol sa kriminalidad na nagagawa ng mga matatanda at ang

relasyon nito sa kanila mga karanasan noong bata pa sila. Dahil ditto ay hinihingi

naming ang inyong kooperasyon sa pamamamagitan ng pagsagot sa survey na

ito.

Inaasahan naming ang inyong kooperasyon. Maraming salamat po.

Gumagalang,

_______________

_______________

_______________

Unang Bahagi. Paglalarawan sa Sarili

Gulang: ____________ Kasarian: ________________

Katayuang Sibil: _________________ Birth Order: ______________

Natapos na Pag-aaral: _____________________________

Natapos na Pag-aaral ng Ina : _______________________________

Natapos na Pag-aaral ng Ama : _______________________________

Katayuan sa Buhay : _____________________________________

Miyembro ng Pamilya: _____________________________

Miyembro ng Pamilya na nagkasala: ______________________________

Kasama sa bahay noong bata pa: _____________________________

Nagawang

kasalanan:____________________________________________________

Ikalawang Bahagi: Karanasan noong Bata

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Calamba CampusPanuto: SAgutin ang tanong sa ibaba gamit ang mga eskala:

Eskala Kahulugan

5 Palagi

4 Madalas

3 Minsan

2 Manak-naka

1 Hindi kailanman

Karanasan noong Bata 5 4 3 2 1

A. Relasyon sa Pamilya

1.Mayroong pagkakalapit-lapit sa pamilya.2.Ang mga anak ay nakaranas ng pag-ibig mula samga magulang.

3.Ang buong pamilya ay mayroong oras nanagsasama-sama at naglalaan ang oras sa isat isa.

4.Ang mga anak ay hindi nakaranas ng matindingparusa mula sa mga magulang kundi konsiderayonat pagbibigay ng pagkakataon na may pabuya samabuting nagawa.

5.Ang tahanan ay naging lugar kung saan sila aynakaramdam ng kanlungan at lugar na may

kapayapaan lalo na sa mga anak..6.Ang mga anak ay nabigyan ng lahat ng kanilangpangangailangan.

7.Ang mga magulang ay lagging parehas ngpakikitungo sa mga anak.

8. Ang mga anak ay nakaranas ng lubos napagkalinga at pagbabantay mula sa mga magulang.

9.Ang mga magulang ay hindi masyadong mahigpit.

10.Ang mga magulang ay nagpakita ng lubos napagtanggap sa kanilang mga anak.

B. Relasyon sa kamag-anak

1.Nakaranas ng pagtanggap mula sa mga kamag-anak.

2.Ang mga kamag-anak ay nagpakita ng paggalangsa kanila

3.Ang mga pinsan ay mababait sa iyo at ikaw ayhanding protektahan.

4.Nagpakita ang mga kamag-anak ng pagkalinga at

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Calamba Campusmalasakit sa iyo at sa inyong pamilya.

C. RElasyon sa ibang Tao

1.Nakaranas ng pagrespeto ng ibang tao

2.Hindi kailanman nakaranas ng pag-aasar ng iba,pang-aabuso at ano mang uri ng panginsulto mulasa i8bang tao.

2. Hindi nakaranas ng pagmaltrato ng ibang tao.

4.Nagkaroon ng mabuti at maayos na kabarkada.

5.Nakaranas makipaglaro sa iba ngunit hindi angmga larong nakakasakit.

E. Naipakitang Pag-uugali

1.Nagpakita ng kooperasyon sa lahat lalo na sa mgakalaro.

2.Hindi kailanman nagpakita ng di kanaisnais napag-uugali.

3.Nanatiling mabait at may tamang pag-uugali lalona sa mga pagtitipon.

4.Pumupunta sa simbahan kasama ang buongpamilya.

5.Hindi nagpapakita ng pagkainis kapag hindinakuha ang gusto.

6.Madaling mapasunod sa mg autos at gumawa ngmabuti.

Documents

The Relationship Between Adult Criminality and Childhood [New]