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The Renaissance in Europe:Or
How We Got to Now
The Middle Ages in EuropeThe period of roughly 1000 years
Between the fall of the Roman Empire and its great civilization (based in Italy) around 470 CE…
…and the Renaissance (based in Italy) around 1450 CE
During the Middle Ages, Europe was dominated by the Catholic Church, which was ruled by the Pope, in Rome, Italy.
The Middle Ages is also known as the Medieval Period, or sometimes, The Dark Ages
The Renaissance Starts in Italy for Two Important Reasons
As an independent center of trade, Italy developed a unique political structure, the city state, that empowered and enriched ordinary people (“common man”).
Italy’s Roman history, which was in evidence all over the country, reawakened interest in non-Christian (secular) ideas, called “humanism”
Major Cities in Afroeurasia in 1200 CE
The Medieval Feudal System
• Lords (noble people) own the land , granted to them by a king
• Knights defend the lord’s manor (farm) in return for the lord’s support
• Peasants (“serfs”) work the land for the lords; they belong to the land and to the lord
• Land and power are inherited
• Territory/Farming
The Renaissance City-State (“Republic”)
• Wealthy business men (common people) run the town
• Citizens hire soldiers to defend their city
• People work at a variety of trades, for themselves and others; they are free to come and go
• Power and wealth come from success in trade & business
• Money/Business
Republics (“City States”)
A republic is a state in which power is held by the people of that state, not by a king or emperor.
Italy gave birth to some of the first republics
The Renaissance was born in the republics of Italy
The Medici of Florence, ItalyThe First Renaissance Family
• The House of Medici was an Italian merchant family that got rich through trading wool cloth.
• They established the Medici Bank, the largest bank in Europe during the 15th century (1400s).
• Through their wealth, they gained political power and became the ruling family of Florence, later dominating Rome and then Europe.
Cosimo de Medici1389-1464
Piero de Medici1416-1469
Lorenzo, “Il Magnifico”1449-1492
Medici Family House in Town
Medici Family House in the Country
The Iliad Room in the Country House
Tomb of Lorenzo de Mediciby Michelangelo
The Renaissance Starts in Italy for Two Important Reasons
As an independent center of trade, Italy developed a unique political structure, the republic (city state), that empowered and enriched ordinary people (“common man”).
Italy’s Roman history, which was in evidence all over the country, reawakened interest in non-Christian (secular) ideas, called “humanism”
Roman Forum
Roman Aquaduct
First Emperor of Rome: Augustus
The New Thinking: “Humanism”
• An shift in interest from the divine (God) to the human
PLUS
• The rediscovery of the art, literature, philosophy and science of ancient (pre-Christian) Rome and Greece
Duccio, 1289 Raphael, 1505
Lorenzo de Medici A Medieval Greek Politician, Pericles Knight as Christian
Lorenzo’s Father Augustus Caesar,as a Roman emperor an actual Roman emperor
The “Renaissance Man”
Great wealth and new interest in the pre-Christian the art and science of ancient Greece and Rome…
Led to wealth families supporting learning and the arts, producing geniuses and innovators with many talents… The Renaissance Man
Michelangelo, Painter
Michelangelo, sculptor
Michelangelo, Architect
Michelangelo, Poet
Da Vinci, the Artist
Da Vinci, the Inventor
Da Vinci, Architect
Da Vinci, Scientist
Rise of European Nations
Reaction to the Catholic Church
Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment