The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

SS.A.3.4.1; SS.D.2.4.6; SS.A.3.4.1; SS.D.2.4.6; SS.B.2.4.1; SS.A.1.4.1-4SS.B.2.4.1; SS.A.1.4.1-4

Europe Is Reborn From ItalyEurope Is Reborn From Italy Renaissance: Renaissance: rebirthrebirth Italian city-states are the centers of Italian city-states are the centers of

political, social and economic lifepolitical, social and economic life These urban societies produced secular These urban societies produced secular

viewpoints, more $=enjoyment of luxuriesviewpoints, more $=enjoyment of luxuries Recovery from 14Recovery from 14thth Cen.=increased Cen.=increased

interest in ancient culture (Roman)interest in ancient culture (Roman) Remains of Roman world all around, inspireRemains of Roman world all around, inspire

Emphasis on individual human abilityEmphasis on individual human ability

HumanismHumanism Secularism and emphasis on the Secularism and emphasis on the

individualindividual Based on the study of the classicsBased on the study of the classics

Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and historyphilosophy, and history

Petrarch: Petrarch: Influenced the rise of Influenced the rise of humanism; found classic texts, stressed humanism; found classic texts, stressed use of ancient Latinuse of ancient Latin

At first, humanists very involved in civic At first, humanists very involved in civic life, by 15life, by 15thth Century the humanist life Century the humanist life was considered one of solitude and was considered one of solitude and isolationisolation

The Italian StatesThe Italian States Italy never develops centralized monarchyItaly never develops centralized monarchy City-states emerge as primary political unitCity-states emerge as primary political unit

Through the Middle Ages, Italian city-states grow Through the Middle Ages, Italian city-states grow rich trading with Arabs and Byzantinesrich trading with Arabs and Byzantines

Three cities emerge as powerful, trade-Three cities emerge as powerful, trade-based city-states (Venice, Milan, Florence)based city-states (Venice, Milan, Florence) Italian traders set up posts in eastern ports, Italian traders set up posts in eastern ports,

picking up silks, spices, sugar & luxury goodspicking up silks, spices, sugar & luxury goods Italian ships reach into western Mediterranean, Italian ships reach into western Mediterranean,

trading as far out as England and the trading as far out as England and the NetherlandsNetherlands

Italy’s Big ThreeItaly’s Big Three MilanMilan, grows rich from position along trading , grows rich from position along trading

routes between ports and Alpsroutes between ports and Alps 1300s: Visconti family comes to power, rules whole 1300s: Visconti family comes to power, rules whole

Lombardy, dynasty ends 1447Lombardy, dynasty ends 1447 Francesco SforzaFrancesco Sforza leads band of leads band of mercenaries mercenaries conquers conquers

Milan, creates a strong, centralized government; Milan Milan, creates a strong, centralized government; Milan grows rich from efficient tax system.grows rich from efficient tax system.

VeniceVenice, link b/w W. Europe and Asia, link b/w W. Europe and Asia Grows rich from trade, controlled by rich merchant class; Grows rich from trade, controlled by rich merchant class;

establishes a trading empireestablishes a trading empire A republic controlled by a A republic controlled by a DogeDoge, elected leader, elected leader

FlorenceFlorence, ruled region of Tuscany, led by small , ruled region of Tuscany, led by small group of wealthy merchantsgroup of wealthy merchants Cosimo de’ MediciCosimo de’ Medici comes to power, Medicis rule comes to power, Medicis rule

Florence behind the scenesFlorence behind the scenes Economic decline leads to Medici family losing power to Economic decline leads to Medici family losing power to

Girolamo Savonarola, but gain power back after his Girolamo Savonarola, but gain power back after his execution execution

NobilityNobility grew, new nobles gain power, grew, new nobles gain power, serve as royal advisors and gov. workersserve as royal advisors and gov. workers Expected to be warriors and educatedExpected to be warriors and educated Exhibit character, grace and talentExhibit character, grace and talent

TownspeopleTownspeople, patricians over burghers, patricians over burghers Patricians: bankers, tradersPatricians: bankers, traders Burghers: shopkeepers, artisans, guildsmenBurghers: shopkeepers, artisans, guildsmen

PeasantsPeasants, make up majority of pop., make up majority of pop. Serfdom declines, rent payment replaces itSerfdom declines, rent payment replaces it

Renaissance SocietyRenaissance Society

Renaissance ThinkingRenaissance Thinking Niccolo Machiavelli,Niccolo Machiavelli, writes writes The The

PrincePrince, most important book on politics, most important book on politics ““For the sake of the state, the prince must For the sake of the state, the prince must

ignore morality”ignore morality” Vernacular Literature on the riseVernacular Literature on the rise

Dante writes Dante writes The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy in Italian in Italian The Canterbury Tales, The Canterbury Tales, English by ChaucerEnglish by Chaucer

Humanist education=preparation for Humanist education=preparation for lifelife Goal was not to make scholars, but citizensGoal was not to make scholars, but citizens Greek Principle: sound mind, sound bodyGreek Principle: sound mind, sound body

PaintingPainting

Fresco:Fresco: paintings made on wet plaster, paintings made on wet plaster, with water based paintswith water based paints

New realistic style of painting emergesNew realistic style of painting emerges First “Renaissance paintings” in First “Renaissance paintings” in

FlorenceFlorence Study of movement and human Study of movement and human

anatomy helps artists paint pictures anatomy helps artists paint pictures where movement is evident, and where movement is evident, and people look lifelikepeople look lifelike

Sculpture & ArchitectureSculpture & Architecture

Donatello spends time in Rome, Donatello spends time in Rome, studies the sculptures of the Greeks studies the sculptures of the Greeks and Romansand Romans

Brunelleschi is hired by Medici to Brunelleschi is hired by Medici to build church in Florencebuild church in Florence Brunelleschi’s work fits human needs, Brunelleschi’s work fits human needs,

not that of the divine, won’t overwhelm not that of the divine, won’t overwhelm like Gothiclike Gothic

Renaissance MastersRenaissance Masters 1490-1520: High Renaissance brings 1490-1520: High Renaissance brings

three artistic masters: three artistic masters: RafaelRafael: Known for “madonnas”, and : Known for “madonnas”, and

frescos in Vatican Palace. frescos in Vatican Palace. Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci: master realism, : master realism,

strived to create idealized forms to strived to create idealized forms to capture perfection of nature and capture perfection of nature and individualsindividuals

MichelangeloMichelangelo: painter, sculptor, and : painter, sculptor, and architect, passion to create idealized architect, passion to create idealized human figures to reflect divine beautyhuman figures to reflect divine beauty

Northern masters begin to study in Northern masters begin to study in Italy, and use oil paints to paint with Italy, and use oil paints to paint with more detailmore detail