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The RenaissanceThe Renaissance
The The ““RebirthRebirth”” of Civilization of Civilization
When was the Renaissance?When was the Renaissance?
Although it is hard Although it is hard to find an exact to find an exact starting and starting and ending date for ending date for the Renaissance, the Renaissance, most scholars most scholars agree it lasts from agree it lasts from c. 1350 – 1550.c. 1350 – 1550.
Where was the Where was the Renaissance?Renaissance?
The Renaissance The Renaissance began in Florence began in Florence and quickly spread to and quickly spread to other parts of Italy, other parts of Italy, including Rome, including Rome, Milan, and Naples.Milan, and Naples.
It later spread to N. It later spread to N. Europe, including Europe, including Flanders, the Dutch Flanders, the Dutch Republic, England, Republic, England, and parts of the HRE.and parts of the HRE.
Europe Europe in 1550in 1550
What was the Renaissance?What was the Renaissance?
Renaissance, French word for "rebirth" What was reborn?? A “rebirth” of civilization A renewal of interest in classical (Greek &
Roman) ideas and ideals and a desire to imitate the classical world Greece & Rome
What else???What else??? A relaxation of strict, church-controlled A relaxation of strict, church-controlled
attitudes toward education, individualism, attitudes toward education, individualism, and action.and action.
a time of creativity and change-spirit of a time of creativity and change-spirit of adventure & a time of intellectual and adventure & a time of intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe economic changes that occurred in Europe
Only a small percentage of the Middle and Only a small percentage of the Middle and aristocratic class population was involvedaristocratic class population was involved
Used classical ideas to find man’s purpose within Christian teachings and promote learning of all kinds
Why did the Renaissance Why did the Renaissance Happen?Happen?
Florence became a very wealthy Florence became a very wealthy state due to trade (esp. in wool) and state due to trade (esp. in wool) and banking.banking.
The reintroduction of The reintroduction of ““newnew”” works by works by the Moors ignited an intellectual the Moors ignited an intellectual revolution.revolution.
Why else???Why else???
The Medici family was The Medici family was extremely wealthy and spent extremely wealthy and spent great sums of money in great sums of money in Florence.Florence.
The church was losing its power The church was losing its power & authority in the wake of new & authority in the wake of new discoveries and the Great discoveries and the Great Schism. Schism.
Other FactorsOther Factors
Agrarian economy is becoming a Agrarian economy is becoming a commercial businesscommercial business
Workers who survived the plague can Workers who survived the plague can demand higher wagesdemand higher wages
Powerful and wealthy merchant class Powerful and wealthy merchant class is growing in the citiesis growing in the cities
Fortunes are being made in banking Fortunes are being made in banking and tradeand trade
Why else did it happen?Why else did it happen?
CastiglioneCastiglione’’s s The The CourtierCourtier: : uomu uomu universaleuniversale skilled in all skilled in all arts, sciences, handsome, arts, sciences, handsome, soldier, athlete, poet, soldier, athlete, poet, student. Also, student. Also, sprezzaturasprezzatura..
MachiavelliMachiavelli’’s s The PrinceThe Prince: : demonstrated how noble demonstrated how noble princes should leadprinces should leadbut sanctioned realpolitik.but sanctioned realpolitik.
Printing Presses Printing Presses made made works available.works available.
Why else did it happen?Why else did it happen? Perhaps what was most important was
Humanism—the rebirth of the human spirit. An emphasis on human everyday experience,
the here & now! Individual achievement was highly valued Developing an educational background from the
classical The ”Renaissance “man” or “woman” ideal was
the person with talent in many fields.
Humanism, the Renaissance Humanism, the Renaissance SpiritSpirit
A new intellectual movement that started in Italy Studied classical
cultures & writings philosophers Greek and Romans
Focused on secular (non-religious) themes not religious;
Humanists…Humanists…
Believed education could improve oneself and stimulate creativity
Opened schools teaching humanities: Greek, Latin, Philosophy, History, Poetry, Grammar and Literature
Writers of the era focused on topics of ambition and individual success
Results of HumanismResults of Humanism
Experienced an age in which artistic, social, scientific and political thought turned in new directions
More people are concerned with their jobs, money and status.
Religion becomes less important in western Europe but maintains its hold in the interior of the continent.
Appreciation for the arts as a product of mankind; not just a religious symbol
Francesco Francesco PetrarchPetrarch Known as the father of
humanism for his restoration of the Latin language and push for the study of classical literature
First modern poet Pushed for the use of ancient
Greek and Roman manuscripts: Homer, Virgil & Cicero
His own writings inspired others like Shakespeare and Chaucer
Most famous for his Sonnets to Laura
Why did the Ren. Begin in Why did the Ren. Begin in Italy?Italy?
Center of the Roman civilization –had all the remains of the glory that was Rome in architectural and artistic fields
Italian cities had survived the Middle Ages and grown into prosperous centers of trade and manufacturing.
A wealthy merchant class in the Italian city-states stressed education and individual achievement and spent lavishly on the arts.
The Role of FlorenceThe Role of Florence
Like most city-states, it was a center of banking, trade and manufacturing
Became the cultural center of Europe whose patron influence by the Medici family made it possible
Florence produced an amazing number of gifted poets, artists, architects, scholars, and scientists.
The Medici FamilyThe Medici Family
Leaders of the Cultural Leaders of the Cultural RevolutionRevolution
Medici: Italian banking and political family-ruled Florence for almost three centuries.
Through its extensive European commerce and banking, the family became one of the richest in 15th-century Italy.
Invited philosophers and writers to their homes and court when in political power.
Patronage of the arts became a tradition in the Medici family and encouraged patronage by others in the community.
Lorenzo the MagnificentLorenzo the Magnificent A gifted poet in his own
right, Lorenzo surrounded himself with the leading artists and intellectuals of his day. One of the largest
spenders of the Medici’s for the arts
Among those who enjoyed his patronage were the painters Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and Michelangelo and poets and philosophers.