THE REPETITION OF BEGINNING WORDS OR GROUPS OF WORDS. Anaphora

“But One hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro

is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of

discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.

One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.”

Signal WordsSignal words are words or phrases that signify what is going to come in a text.

“1963 is not an end, but a beginning.”

This signals that change will take place soon.

Jordan Vaughan

Patterns of DevelopmentDefinition: An author’s method of organizing his or her ideas.

Martin Luther King uses a five-step sequence throughout his speech to emphasize his desire for equality:

1: Attention- Calling attention to a problem. “…the Negro is still not free.”

2: Need- The difficulty or crisis. “…instead of honoring this obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check…”

“We have also come to remind America of the urgency of now.”

3: Satisfaction- How to satisfy the need. “And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back.”

4: Visualization- A vision of how life could be if the problem was solved.

“I have a dream that one day every valley should be exalted, every hill and mountain be made low..”

5: Specific course of action- “Let freedom ring!”

Alliter

ation

"With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to

struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be

free one day.”

Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words

Repetition

Definition: Repeating a sound, word, phrase, or line. –Usually for emphasis or unity.Examples from I Have a Dream“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed…I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia…I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi…I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged…I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama…I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted…”

AssonanceAssonance is the

repetition of vowel sounds within words.

Ex: In a sense we have come to our nation’s capital to cash a check.

Allusion• Allusion is an indirect reference to a

person, place, event or literature work that the author believes the reader will be familiar with.

• I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made

• low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together

• This speech is to allusion by it having a meaning as if martin Luther king Jr is trying to make everything equal just like he is saying every hill and mountain shall be made low that’s saying everything shall be equal in size and shape and their shouldn’t be no difference between them.

Epithet

EX: And this will be the day, this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning, " My country 'tis

of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride, from every

mountainside, let freedom ring !” And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.

A descriptive phrase which points out traits associated with a particular person or thing

By: Angelina M. Bischof

Parallelism Parallelism is when the writer repeats a word or group of words so that the reader knows that they are both equal in importance.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

Figurative Language

Definition:A way of communicating ideas without using the literal meaning of the words.

Example:The life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.