21
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Page 2: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon dioxide,

a gas that is a metabolic waste product produced by the cells.

Page 3: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Parts of the Respiratory SystemThe nosePharynxLarynxTracheaBronchiAlveolilungs

Page 4: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The nose:has two openings, called nostrils or nares,

through which air enters

Page 5: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The pharynx:or throat, lies directly behind the nasal

cavities.

Page 6: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The larynx:or voice box, lies between the pharynx and

trachea.

Page 7: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Epiglottis:A special leaflike piece of cartilage that

closes the opening in the larynx during swallowing.

Page 8: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The trachea:(windpipe) is a tube extending from the

larynx to the center of the chest.

Page 9: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The bronchi:The trachea divides into two bronchi near the

center of the chest, a right bronchus and a left bronchus.

Each bronchus enters the lung and carries air from the trachea to the lung.

In the lungs, the bronchi continue to divide into smaller and smaller bronchi until, finally, they divide into the smallest branches, called bronchioles.

Page 10: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Alveoli:Air sacs at the end of terminal bronchioles

that resemble a bunch of grapes.An adult lung contains 500 million alveoli.

Page 11: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The lungs:

Cone-shaped organs that are made up of a network of pulmonary arteries, veins, bronchi, alveoli and connective tissue.

The right lung has 3 sections or lobes: the superior, the middle, and the inferior.

The left lung has only 2 lobes: the superior and the inferior.

The left lung is smaller because the heart is located toward the left side of the chest.

Page 12: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

CiliaLook like hairs that have a “beating” action.The continual sweeping movement of the cilia

keeps the lungs clean and free of debris.The cilia may not do their job well with

people who have infections, smoke, or are exposed to toxic gases.

Page 13: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Sinuses:Cavities in the skull that surround the nasal

area.Lined with a mucous membrane, which

warms and moistens air.

Page 14: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Anatomy and Physiology of The Respiratory System

NosePharynx LarynxTracheaBronchiAlveoliLungs

Page 15: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The AirwaysThe airways must be kept clear of debris and

secretions.(They may cause blockages or disruptions of

gas flow into and out of the lungs.)

The airway lining must function properly, because it is the lungs’ defense mechanism.

The lining helps protect the lungs from inhaled particles such as pollen, cigarette smoke, dust, and most bacteria.

Page 16: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

The Job of the Respiratory System:

To bring oxygen gas into the body.

To expel the carbon dioxide gas from the body.

Respiration is the gas exchange process that takes place in the lungs. (Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.)

Ventilation is what makes respiration happen. (It moves oxygen into the lungs and moves carbon dioxide gas out of the lungs.)

Page 17: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Ventilation:The process of breathing.

Page 18: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Cilia:

Tiny hairlike structures that help move the mucous layer that lines the airways pushing trapped particles toward the esophagus, where they can be swallowed.

Page 19: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Inhalation:The process of breathing in air.

Page 20: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon

Expiration:When the diaphragm (dome-shaped muscle

between the thoracic and abdominal cavities) and the intercostal muscles (between the ribs) relax, the process of expiration occurs.

Page 21: The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells and removing carbon