The Revolution Begins

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EiSymRrKI4&index=7&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s

Soldiers

British

● Used to winning

● Well equipped

● Well fed

● Well trained

Patriot● Young soldiers, under 16

● Little money or property

● Low pay, harsh conditions, high chance of death

● Could pay to have slave or someone else take your place

● African Americans fight for both sides - British soldiers promise them freedom if they help their cause

● Women (Patriots) = run farms and businesses, raising money for supplies, making clothes, messengers, nurses and spies.

● Native Americans typically side with British

Minorities in the War

Tori/Loyalists Patriots

● ⅕ of the people are loyal to the British

● Mainly found in the South and New York

A Country Divided

● ⅖ of the people loyal to the Patriots

● Mainly found in the New England colonies and Virginia

British

● Best army and navy in world● More soldiers + hessians● Superior weapons ● Controlled major cities =

Boston and NYC● Richest nation in the world ● Strong organized government

Advantages

Patriots

● Better leadership = Washington

● Home field advantage● Guerrilla style warfare● Foreign aid from France,

Spain and Holland● Motivation

British

● Distance - can take weeks tomonths to get there

● Gentlemen style warfare

● Empire around the world toworry about

Disadvantages

Patriots

● Had to start navy and army from scratch

● No formal government to make decisions

● Scarce supplies: money, clothing, food, guns, ammo

British

● Occupy coast - use their navy

● Get more loyalists

● Crush the army before they gained momentum

Early Strategies

Patriots

● Score early victories

● Which will gain more support - at home and abroad

● Get support from Spain and France

British

VICTORY # 1

Canada

Patriots

Leaders = Benedict Arnold and General Montgomery

Cities = Quebec and Montreal

Outcome: Montgomery wins Montreal in 1775 but he and Arnold lose Quebec. No chance of taking Canada.

British

Leaders = General William Howe

Year = 1776

Troops = 32,000

Outcome: Howe is able to push Washington and his troops back across the Hudson into New Jersey. British now control New York.

New York

Patriots

Leaders = General George Washington

Year = 1776

Troops = 23,000

Outcome: General Washington and his troops get their butts kicked. They are pushed back into New Jersey.

New York

Patriots

Leaders = Washington

Troops = 24,000

Outcome: Washington is able to take the Hessians by surprise at Trenton and defeat Cornwallis at Princeton. Thanks to the victory more Patriots enlist in the army and other re-enlisted.

Battle of Trenton and Princeton

British

Leader = Hessian soldiers and General Cornwallis

Year = December 25th, 1776 and January 2, 1777

Outcome: German mercenaries are caught unaware after celebrating Christmas and are defeated. 900 prisoners are taken. Cornwallis tries to defeat Washington at Princeton but is forced to flee.

Battle of Trenton and Princeton

British

Leader = General John Burgoyne and General Howe

Year = 1776

Outcome: Burgoyne would invade from Canada and take Fort Ticonderoga back. Howe would sail up the Hudson and attack from the south. Howe instead took Philadelphia and Burgoyne was forced to surrender at Saratoga to Horatio Gates. TURNING POINT!

Battle of Saratoga

Battle of Saratoga

Patriots

Leaders = General Horatio Gates

Outcome: Patriots block Burgoyne’s path by funneling them into thick forest, cutting down trees and damming the rivers to create obstacles. Militia are able to use Guerilla warfare against them. France and Spain decide to help out!

http://my.hrw.com/ss_2012/ms_ushist/eactivities/Animated_History/ah07_anim_warmiddle.html

Battle of Saratoga

● Marquis de Lafayette - Frenchmen who brought his own troops, ship and money to help the Patriots.

● France finally agrees to alliance - sends guns, money and ships.

French Assistance

Baron Friedrich von Steuben - Prussian military officer. Led with fear and respect. Made the army a force by drilling them in basic military drills.

Foreign AssistanceBernardo de Galvez - small army of Spanish soldiers, French Americans, colonists and Native Americans to help in the South.

Patriots

Leader = Washington

Year = 1777 - 1778

Troops = 12,000

Outcome: Lack of supplies, food and shelter lead to the death of ¼ of the soldiers. Von Stueben drilled soldiers while they were waiting at Valley Forge.

Valley Forge

Patriots

Leader = John Paul Jones

Outcome: America has to build navy from scratch. British have the best navy in the world. Instead of attacking directly, they attack their supplies. Get more ships from France and Spain.

Privateers = Privately owned ship that the government gives permission to attack an enemy’s merchant ship during war.

War at Sea

British

Native Americans will usually ally themselves with the British because they promise them they can keep their land.

War in the West

Patriots

George Rogers Clark takes a group of men over the mountains and captures important forts and trading posts.

British

Leader = General Henry Clinton

Year = 1778 - 1780

Outcome: Plan to use the Loyalists/Torie’s living in the South. Very brutal fighting. Britain sick of the war and want it to end. British take Georgia and then Charleston, South Carolina with minimal casualties. War is going in their favor.

War in the South

Patriots

Leader = General Horatio Gates and General Nathanael Greene

Outcome: Gates fails to drive British out of S.C. To attack British troops start to use Guerrilla warfare in the South.

Francis Marion becomes known as the Swamp Fox

War in the South

Patriots

Leaders = General Washington, General Greene, Lafayette

Outcome: Greene’s army begins harassing Cornwallis in Carolina. Lafayette blocks Cornwallis at Yorktown. Washington comes down from Virginia. French naval fleet seized control of the Chesapeake Bay. Keep attacking for weeks.

http://my.hrw.com/ss_2012/ms_ushist/eactivities/Animated_History/ah07_anim_waryork.html

Yorktown

British

Leader = General Cornwallis

Year = October 19th, 1781

Outcome: British now control the South, New York and Philadelphia. Cornwallis moves 7,200 to Yorktown, VA. Unable to escape by land or sea. Must surrender to Washington along with 8,000 men. Last major battle of the war

Yorktown

● Great Britain recognizes United States independence

● New boundarieso W to Mississippio N to Canada o S to Florida

● Each side pays war debts.

Treaty of Paris 1783

Approximately 80,000 loyalists left America

4,000 African Americans leave for Canada

Many lost land, money and property

Fate of the Loyalists